şkırna
/ʃkɯrna/
1. small, undersized, stunted, short, unprepossessing
- şkırna adam — an unprepossessing man
- şkırna terekle — stunted trees
- şkırna qoçhar — an undersized ram
- şkırna qanatla — short wings
2. sackcloth, coarse cloth — With iyirirge it means spin thick, coarse yarn.
- qalın şkırna — thick sackcloth
- şkırnadan tigilgen — sewn from sackcloth
- şkırnadan etilgen qab — a sack made of sackcloth
- şkırna iyirirge — to spin thick, coarse yarn
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | şkırnamaI am small | şkırnasayou are small | şkırnadıhe is small | şkırnabızwe are small | şkırnasızyou all are small | şkırnadılathey are small |
| comparative — more | şkırnaraqmaI am smaller | şkırnaraqsayou are smaller | şkırnaraqdıhe is smaller | şkırnaraqbızwe are smaller | şkırnaraqsızyou all are smaller | şkırnaraqdılathey are smaller |
| intensifier — very | bek şkırnamaI am very small | bek şkırnasayou are very small | bek şkırnadıhe is very small | bek şkırnabızwe are very small | bek şkırnasızyou all are very small | bek şkırnadılathey are very small |
| superlative — most | em şkırnamaI am the smallest | em şkırnasayou are the smallest | em şkırnadıhe is the smallest | em şkırnabızwe are the smallest | em şkırnasızyou all are the smallest | em şkırnadılathey are the smallest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden şkırnadı — "compared to me, he is small."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki şkırnadımine is small | seniki şkırnadıyours is small | anıqı şkırnadıhis is small | bizniki şkırnadıours is small | sizniki şkırnadıyours (pl.) is small | alanıqı şkırnadıtheirs is small |
| comparative — more | meniki şkırnaraqdımine is smaller | seniki şkırnaraqdıyours is smaller | anıqı şkırnaraqdıhis is smaller | bizniki şkırnaraqdıours is smaller | sizniki şkırnaraqdıyours (pl.) is smaller | alanıqı şkırnaraqdıtheirs is smaller |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek şkırnadımine is very small | seniki bek şkırnadıyours is very small | anıqı bek şkırnadıhis is very small | bizniki bek şkırnadıours is very small | sizniki bek şkırnadıyours (pl.) is very small | alanıqı bek şkırnadıtheirs is very small |
| superlative — most | meniki em şkırnadımine is the smallest | seniki em şkırnadıyours is the smallest | anıqı em şkırnadıhis is the smallest | bizniki em şkırnadıours is the smallest | sizniki em şkırnadıyours (pl.) is the smallest | alanıqı em şkırnadıtheirs is the smallest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile şkırnadılamine are small | senikile şkırnadılayours are small | anıqıla şkırnadılahis are small | biznikile şkırnadılaours are small | siznikile şkırnadılayours (pl.) are small | alanıqıla şkırnadılatheirs are small |
| comparative — more | menikile şkırnaraqdılamine are smaller | senikile şkırnaraqdılayours are smaller | anıqıla şkırnaraqdılahis are smaller | biznikile şkırnaraqdılaours are smaller | siznikile şkırnaraqdılayours (pl.) are smaller | alanıqıla şkırnaraqdılatheirs are smaller |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek şkırnadılamine are very small | senikile bek şkırnadılayours are very small | anıqıla bek şkırnadılahis are very small | biznikile bek şkırnadılaours are very small | siznikile bek şkırnadılayours (pl.) are very small | alanıqıla bek şkırnadılatheirs are very small |
| superlative — most | menikile em şkırnadılamine are the smallest | senikile em şkırnadılayours are the smallest | anıqıla em şkırnadılahis are the smallest | biznikile em şkırnadılaours are the smallest | siznikile em şkırnadılayours (pl.) are the smallest | alanıqıla em şkırnadılatheirs are the smallest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu şkırnadı, bıla şkırnadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | şkırnathe sackcloth | şkırnammy sackcloth | şkırnaŋyour sackcloth | şkırnasıhis sackcloth | şkırnabızour sackcloth | şkırnağızyou all's sackcloth | şkırnalarıtheir sackcloths |
| Genitive | şkırnanıthe sackcloth's | şkırnamımy sackcloth's | şkırnaŋıyour sackcloth's | şkırnasınıhis sackcloth's | şkırnabıznıour sackcloth's | şkırnağıznıyou all's sackcloth's | şkırnalarınıtheir sackcloths' |
| Accusative | şkırnanıthe sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnamımy sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnaŋıyour sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnasınhis sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnabıznıour sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnağıznıyou all's sackcloth (as the object) | şkırnalarıntheir sackcloths (as the object) |
| Dative | şkırnağato the sackcloth | şkırnamato my sackcloth | şkırnaŋato your sackcloth | şkırnasınato his sackcloth | şkırnabızğato our sackcloth | şkırnağızğato you all's sackcloth | şkırnalarınato their sackcloths |
| Locative | şkırnadain / at the sackcloth | şkırnamdain / at my sackcloth | şkırnaŋdain / at your sackcloth | şkırnasındain / at his sackcloth | şkırnabızdain / at our sackcloth | şkırnağızdain / at you all's sackcloth | şkırnalarındain / at their sackcloths |
| Ablative | şkırnadanfrom the sackcloth | şkırnamdanfrom my sackcloth | şkırnaŋdanfrom your sackcloth | şkırnasındanfrom his sackcloth | şkırnabızdanfrom our sackcloth | şkırnağızdanfrom you all's sackcloth | şkırnalarındanfrom their sackcloths |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.