şam
/ʃam/
1. sacred, holy, hallowed
- şam jer — a sacred place
- şam kün — a holy day
- şam söz — a hallowed word
2. native, one's own
- şam topuraq — one's native soil
- şam jurt — one's own homeland
- şam el — one's native village
3. splendid, beautiful, fine
- şam Teberdi — splendid Teberda
- kirgen edik şam Teberdige tizilib — we had entered splendid Teberda in a line
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | şammaI am sacred | şamsayou are sacred | şamdıhe is sacred | şambızwe are sacred | şamsızyou all are sacred | şamdılathey are sacred |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden şamdı — "compared to me, he is sacred."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki şamdımine is sacred | seniki şamdıyours is sacred | anıqı şamdıhis is sacred | bizniki şamdıours is sacred | sizniki şamdıyours (pl.) is sacred | alanıqı şamdıtheirs is sacred |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile şamdılamine are sacred | senikile şamdılayours are sacred | anıqıla şamdılahis are sacred | biznikile şamdılaours are sacred | siznikile şamdılayours (pl.) are sacred | alanıqıla şamdılatheirs are sacred |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu şamdı, bıla şamdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".