Karachay

ırğaşik

/ɯrʁaʃik/ · plural ırğaşikle

1. (adj.) tenacious, sinewy, wiry, hardy; having a strong grip (especially in wrestling)
  • ol bek ırğaşikdi — he has a very strong grip
  • ırğaşik jaşçıq — a wiry little boy
  • ırğaşik adam — a sinewy, hardy person
2. (n.) inner leg hook, a wrestling throw made by wrapping one's leg around the opponent's leg (sport) one source
  • ırğaşik bla horlarğa — to defeat with an inner leg hook
  • anı ırğaşik bla horladı — he beat him with an inner leg hook

As an adjective

Degrees and persons

DegreemenIsenyouolhe/she/itbizwesizyou allalathey
base formırğaşikmeI am tenaciousırğaşikseyou are tenaciousırğaşikdihe is tenaciousırğaşikbizwe are tenaciousırğaşiksizyou all are tenaciousırğaşikdilethey are tenacious
comparative — moreırğaşigirekmeI am more tenaciousırğaşigirekseyou are more tenaciousırğaşigirekdihe is more tenaciousırğaşigirekbizwe are more tenaciousırğaşigireksizyou all are more tenaciousırğaşigirekdilethey are more tenacious
intensifier — verybek ırğaşikmeI am very tenaciousbek ırğaşikseyou are very tenaciousbek ırğaşikdihe is very tenaciousbek ırğaşikbizwe are very tenaciousbek ırğaşiksizyou all are very tenaciousbek ırğaşikdilethey are very tenacious
superlative — mostem ırğaşikmeI am the most tenaciousem ırğaşikseyou are the most tenaciousem ırğaşikdihe is the most tenaciousem ırğaşikbizwe are the most tenaciousem ırğaşiksizyou all are the most tenaciousem ırğaşikdilethey are the most tenacious

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden ırğaşikdi — "compared to me, he is tenacious."

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

Degreemenikiminesenikiyoursanıqıhis / hersbiznikiourssiznikiyours (pl.)alanıqıtheirs
base formmeniki ırğaşikdimine is tenaciousseniki ırğaşikdiyours is tenaciousanıqı ırğaşikdihis is tenaciousbizniki ırğaşikdiours is tenacioussizniki ırğaşikdiyours (pl.) is tenaciousalanıqı ırğaşikditheirs is tenacious
comparative — moremeniki ırğaşigirekdimine is more tenaciousseniki ırğaşigirekdiyours is more tenaciousanıqı ırğaşigirekdihis is more tenaciousbizniki ırğaşigirekdiours is more tenacioussizniki ırğaşigirekdiyours (pl.) is more tenaciousalanıqı ırğaşigirekditheirs is more tenacious
intensifier — verymeniki bek ırğaşikdimine is very tenaciousseniki bek ırğaşikdiyours is very tenaciousanıqı bek ırğaşikdihis is very tenaciousbizniki bek ırğaşikdiours is very tenacioussizniki bek ırğaşikdiyours (pl.) is very tenaciousalanıqı bek ırğaşikditheirs is very tenacious
superlative — mostmeniki em ırğaşikdimine is the most tenaciousseniki em ırğaşikdiyours is the most tenaciousanıqı em ırğaşikdihis is the most tenaciousbizniki em ırğaşikdiours is the most tenacioussizniki em ırğaşikdiyours (pl.) is the most tenaciousalanıqı em ırğaşikditheirs is the most tenacious

Several things

Degreemenikileminesenikileyoursanıqılahis / hersbiznikileourssiznikileyours (pl.)alanıqılatheirs
base formmenikile ırğaşikdilemine are tenacioussenikile ırğaşikdileyours are tenaciousanıqıla ırğaşikdilehis are tenaciousbiznikile ırğaşikdileours are tenacioussiznikile ırğaşikdileyours (pl.) are tenaciousalanıqıla ırğaşikdiletheirs are tenacious
comparative — moremenikile ırğaşigirekdilemine are more tenacioussenikile ırğaşigirekdileyours are more tenaciousanıqıla ırğaşigirekdilehis are more tenaciousbiznikile ırğaşigirekdileours are more tenacioussiznikile ırğaşigirekdileyours (pl.) are more tenaciousalanıqıla ırğaşigirekdiletheirs are more tenacious
intensifier — verymenikile bek ırğaşikdilemine are very tenacioussenikile bek ırğaşikdileyours are very tenaciousanıqıla bek ırğaşikdilehis are very tenaciousbiznikile bek ırğaşikdileours are very tenacioussiznikile bek ırğaşikdileyours (pl.) are very tenaciousalanıqıla bek ırğaşikdiletheirs are very tenacious
superlative — mostmenikile em ırğaşikdilemine are the most tenacioussenikile em ırğaşikdileyours are the most tenaciousanıqıla em ırğaşikdilehis are the most tenaciousbiznikile em ırğaşikdileours are the most tenacioussiznikile em ırğaşikdileyours (pl.) are the most tenaciousalanıqıla em ırğaşikdiletheirs are the most tenacious

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu ırğaşikdi, bıla ırğaşikdile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativeırğaşikthe inner leg hookırğaşigimmy inner leg hookırğaşigiŋyour inner leg hookırğaşigihis inner leg hookırğaşigibizour inner leg hookırğaşigigizyou all's inner leg hookırğaşikleritheir inner leg hooks
Genitiveırğaşiknithe inner leg hook'sırğaşigimimy inner leg hook'sırğaşigiŋiyour inner leg hook'sırğaşiginihis inner leg hook'sırğaşigibizniour inner leg hook'sırğaşigigizniyou all's inner leg hook'sırğaşiklerinitheir inner leg hooks'
Accusativeırğaşiknithe inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşigimimy inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşigiŋiyour inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşiginhis inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşigibizniour inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşigigizniyou all's inner leg hook (as the object)ırğaşiklerintheir inner leg hooks (as the object)
Dativeırğaşikgeto the inner leg hookırğaşigimeto my inner leg hookırğaşigiŋeto your inner leg hookırğaşigineto his inner leg hookırğaşigibizgeto our inner leg hookırğaşigigizgeto you all's inner leg hookırğaşiklerineto their inner leg hooks
Locativeırğaşikdein / at the inner leg hookırğaşigimdein / at my inner leg hookırğaşigiŋdein / at your inner leg hookırğaşigindein / at his inner leg hookırğaşigibizdein / at our inner leg hookırğaşigigizdein / at you all's inner leg hookırğaşiklerindein / at their inner leg hooks
Ablativeırğaşikdenfrom the inner leg hookırğaşigimdenfrom my inner leg hookırğaşigiŋdenfrom your inner leg hookırğaşigindenfrom his inner leg hookırğaşigibizdenfrom our inner leg hookırğaşigigizdenfrom you all's inner leg hookırğaşiklerindenfrom their inner leg hooks

Plural

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativeırğaşiklethe inner leg hooksırğaşiklerimmy inner leg hooksırğaşikleriŋyour inner leg hooksırğaşiklerihis inner leg hooksırğaşikleribizour inner leg hooksırğaşiklerigizyou all's inner leg hooksırğaşikleritheir inner leg hooks
Genitiveırğaşiklenithe inner leg hooks'ırğaşiklerimimy inner leg hooks'ırğaşikleriŋiyour inner leg hooks'ırğaşiklerinihis inner leg hooks'ırğaşikleribizniour inner leg hooks'ırğaşiklerigizniyou all's inner leg hooks'ırğaşiklerinitheir inner leg hooks'
Accusativeırğaşiklenithe inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşiklerimimy inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşikleriŋiyour inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşiklerinhis inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşikleribizniour inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşiklerigizniyou all's inner leg hooks (as the object)ırğaşiklerintheir inner leg hooks (as the object)
Dativeırğaşiklegeto the inner leg hooksırğaşiklerimeto my inner leg hooksırğaşikleriŋeto your inner leg hooksırğaşiklerineto his inner leg hooksırğaşikleribizgeto our inner leg hooksırğaşiklerigizgeto you all's inner leg hooksırğaşiklerineto their inner leg hooks
Locativeırğaşikledein / at the inner leg hooksırğaşiklerimdein / at my inner leg hooksırğaşikleriŋdein / at your inner leg hooksırğaşiklerindein / at his inner leg hooksırğaşikleribizdein / at our inner leg hooksırğaşiklerigizdein / at you all's inner leg hooksırğaşiklerindein / at their inner leg hooks
Ablativeırğaşikledenfrom the inner leg hooksırğaşiklerimdenfrom my inner leg hooksırğaşikleriŋdenfrom your inner leg hooksırğaşiklerindenfrom his inner leg hooksırğaşikleribizdenfrom our inner leg hooksırğaşiklerigizdenfrom you all's inner leg hooksırğaşiklerindenfrom their inner leg hooks

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ırğaşikleri can mean "his / her inner leg hooks", "their inner leg hook", or "their inner leg hooks" — context decides.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.