çonçayırğa
/tʃontʃajɯrʁa/
1. perch, sit sprawled, settle oneself comfortably on top of something
- arbağa çonçayırğa — to perch up on the cart
- çonçayıb oltururğa — to sit perched up
- gebenni başına çonçayıb oltura edi — was sitting perched atop the haystack
- ol qatıma kelib çonçaydı — he came and perched beside me
2. hobble, limp, walk unsteadily one source
- qart çonçayıb keledi — the old man comes hobbling
- çonçayıb baradı — he is hobbling along
- ayağı awrub çonçaydı — his leg hurt and he hobbled
Conjugation
Common forms
- çonçayadıhe is perching
- çonçaydıhe perched
- çonçayğandıhe has perched
- çonçayırhe will perch
- çonçayırıqdıhe is going to perch
- çonçaya edihe was perching
- çonçaysaif he perches
- çonçay!perch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençonçayamaI am perching | sençonçayasayou are perching | olçonçayadıhe is perching | bizçonçayabızwe are perching | sizçonçayasızyou all are perching | alaçonçayadılathey are perching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençonçaymaymaI am not perching | sençonçaymaysayou are not perching | olçonçaymaydıhe is not perching | bizçonçaymaybızwe are not perching | sizçonçaymaysızyou all are not perching | alaçonçaymaydılathey are not perching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençonçayamamı? çonçayamıma?am I perching? | sençonçayamısa?are you perching? | olçonçayamıdı?is he perching? | bizçonçayabızmı? çonçayamıbız?are we perching? | sizçonçayamısız?are you all perching? | alaçonçayamıdıla?are they perching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençonçaymaymamı? çonçaymaymıma?aren't I perching? | sençonçaymaymısa?aren't you perching? | olçonçaymaymıdı?isn't he perching? | bizçonçaymaybızmı? çonçaymaymıbız?aren't we perching? | sizçonçaymaymısız?aren't you all perching? | alaçonçaymaymıdıla?aren't they perching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençonçayıwçanmaI usually perch | sençonçayıwçansayou usually perch | olçonçayıwçandıhe usually perches | bizçonçayıwçanbızwe usually perch | sizçonçayıwçansızyou all usually perch | alaçonçayıwçandılathey usually perch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençonçaymawçanmaI usually don't perch | sençonçaymawçansayou usually don't perch | olçonçaymawçandıhe usually doesn't perch | bizçonçaymawçanbızwe usually don't perch | sizçonçaymawçansızyou all usually don't perch | alaçonçaymawçandılathey usually don't perch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençonçayıwçanmamı? çonçayıwçanmıma?do I usually perch? | sençonçayıwçanmısa?do you usually perch? | olçonçayıwçanmıdı?does he usually perch? | bizçonçayıwçanbızmı? çonçayıwçanmıbız?do we usually perch? | sizçonçayıwçanmısız?do you all usually perch? | alaçonçayıwçanmıdıla?do they usually perch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençonçaymawçanmamı? çonçaymawçanmıma?do I usually not perch? | sençonçaymawçanmısa?do you usually not perch? | olçonçaymawçanmıdı?does he usually not perch? | bizçonçaymawçanbızmı? çonçaymawçanmıbız?do we usually not perch? | sizçonçaymawçanmısız?do you all usually not perch? | alaçonçaymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not perch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçonçayıbdıhe has perched and remains so | alaçonçayıbdılathey have perched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçonçayıbmıdı?has he perched? | alaçonçayıbmıdıla?have they perched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençonçayıb turamaI keep perching | sençonçayıb turasayou keep perching | olçonçayıb turadıhe keeps perching | bizçonçayıb turabızwe keep perching | sizçonçayıb turasızyou all keep perching | alaçonçayıb turadılathey keep perching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençonçayıb turmaymaI don't keep perching | sençonçayıb turmaysayou don't keep perching | olçonçayıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep perching | bizçonçayıb turmaybızwe don't keep perching | sizçonçayıb turmaysızyou all don't keep perching | alaçonçayıb turmaydılathey don't keep perching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençonçayıb turamamı? çonçayıb turamıma?do I keep perching? | sençonçayıb turamısa?do you keep perching? | olçonçayıb turamıdı?does he keep perching? | bizçonçayıb turabızmı? çonçayıb turamıbız?do we keep perching? | sizçonçayıb turamısız?do you all keep perching? | alaçonçayıb turamıdıla?do they keep perching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençonçayıb turmaymamı? çonçayıb turmaymıma?don't I keep perching? | sençonçayıb turmaymısa?don't you keep perching? | olçonçayıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep perching? | bizçonçayıb turmaybızmı? çonçayıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep perching? | sizçonçayıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep perching? | alaçonçayıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep perching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençonçaya turamaI am in the middle of perching | sençonçaya turasayou are in the middle of perching | olçonçaya turadıhe is in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya turabızwe are in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya turasızyou all are in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya turadılathey are in the middle of perching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençonçaya turmaymaI am not in the middle of perching | sençonçaya turmaysayou are not in the middle of perching | olçonçaya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of perching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençonçaya turamamı? çonçaya turamıma?am I in the middle of perching? | sençonçaya turamısa?are you in the middle of perching? | olçonçaya turamıdı?is he in the middle of perching? | bizçonçaya turabızmı? çonçaya turamıbız?are we in the middle of perching? | sizçonçaya turamısız?are you all in the middle of perching? | alaçonçaya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of perching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençonçaya turmaymamı? çonçaya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of perching? | sençonçaya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of perching? | olçonçaya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of perching? | bizçonçaya turmaybızmı? çonçaya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of perching? | sizçonçaya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of perching? | alaçonçaya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of perching? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençonçaydımI perched | sençonçaydıŋyou perched | olçonçaydıhe perched | bizçonçaydıqwe perched | sizçonçaydığızyou all perched | alaçonçaydılathey perched |
| Simple past (definite) | mençonçaymadımI didn't perch | sençonçaymadıŋyou didn't perch | olçonçaymadıhe didn't perch | bizçonçaymadıqwe didn't perch | sizçonçaymadığızyou all didn't perch | alaçonçaymadılathey didn't perch |
| Simple past (definite) | mençonçaydımmı?did I perch? | sençonçaydıŋmı?did you perch? | olçonçaydımı?did he perch? | bizçonçaydıqmı?did we perch? | sizçonçaydığızmı?did you all perch? | alaçonçaydılamı?did they perch? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençonçaymadımmı?didn't I perch? | sençonçaymadıŋmı?didn't you perch? | olçonçaymadımı?didn't he perch? | bizçonçaymadıqmı?didn't we perch? | sizçonçaymadığızmı?didn't you all perch? | alaçonçaymadılamı?didn't they perch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençonçayğanmaI have perched | sençonçayğansayou have perched | olçonçayğandıhe has perched | bizçonçayğanbızwe have perched | sizçonçayğansızyou all have perched | alaçonçayğandılathey have perched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençonçaymağanmaI haven't perched | sençonçaymağansayou haven't perched | olçonçaymağandıhe hasn't perched | bizçonçaymağanbızwe haven't perched | sizçonçaymağansızyou all haven't perched | alaçonçaymağandılathey haven't perched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençonçayğanmamı? çonçayğanmıma?have I perched? | sençonçayğanmısa?have you perched? | olçonçayğanmıdı?has he perched? | bizçonçayğanbızmı? çonçayğanmıbız?have we perched? | sizçonçayğanmısız?have you all perched? | alaçonçayğanmıdıla?have they perched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençonçaymağanmamı? çonçaymağanmıma?haven't I perched? | sençonçaymağanmısa?haven't you perched? | olçonçaymağanmıdı?hasn't he perched? | bizçonçaymağanbızmı? çonçaymağanmıbız?haven't we perched? | sizçonçaymağanmısız?haven't you all perched? | alaçonçaymağanmıdıla?haven't they perched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençonçayıb turdumI kept perching | sençonçayıb turduŋyou kept perching | olçonçayıb turduhe kept perching | bizçonçayıb turduqwe kept perching | sizçonçayıb turduğuzyou all kept perching | alaçonçayıb turdulathey kept perching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençonçayıb turmadımI didn't keep perching | sençonçayıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep perching | olçonçayıb turmadıhe didn't keep perching | bizçonçayıb turmadıqwe didn't keep perching | sizçonçayıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep perching | alaçonçayıb turmadılathey didn't keep perching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençonçayırmaI will perch | sençonçayırsayou will perch | olçonçayırhe will perch | bizçonçayırbızwe will perch | sizçonçayırsızyou all will perch | alaçonçayırlathey will perch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençonçaymazmaI won't perch | sençonçaymazsayou won't perch | olçonçaymazhe won't perch | bizçonçaymazbızwe won't perch | sizçonçaymazsızyou all won't perch | alaçonçaymazlathey won't perch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençonçayırmamı? çonçayırmıma?will I perch? | sençonçayırmısa?will you perch? | olçonçayırmı?will he perch? | bizçonçayırbızmı? çonçayırmıbız?will we perch? | sizçonçayırmısız?will you all perch? | alaçonçayırlamı? çonçayırmıla?will they perch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençonçaymazmamı? çonçaymazmıma?won't I perch? | sençonçaymazmısa?won't you perch? | olçonçaymazmı?won't he perch? | bizçonçaymazbızmı? çonçaymazmıbız?won't we perch? | sizçonçaymazmısız?won't you all perch? | alaçonçaymazlamı? çonçaymazmıla?won't they perch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençonçayırıqmaI am going to perch | sençonçayırıqsayou are going to perch | olçonçayırıqdıhe is going to perch | bizçonçayırıqbızwe are going to perch | sizçonçayırıqsızyou all are going to perch | alaçonçayırıqdılathey are going to perch |
| Definite future (future II) | mençonçayırıq tülmeI am not going to perch | sençonçayırıq tülseyou are not going to perch | olçonçayırıq tüldühe is not going to perch | bizçonçayırıq tülbüzwe are not going to perch | sizçonçayırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to perch | alaçonçayırıq tüldülethey are not going to perch |
| Definite future (future II) | mençonçayırıqmamı? çonçayırıqmıma?am I going to perch? | sençonçayırıqmısa?are you going to perch? | olçonçayırıqmıdı?is he going to perch? | bizçonçayırıqbızmı? çonçayırıqmıbız?are we going to perch? | sizçonçayırıqmısız?are you all going to perch? | alaçonçayırıqmıdıla?are they going to perch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençonçayırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to perch? | sençonçayırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to perch? | olçonçayırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to perch? | bizçonçayırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to perch? | sizçonçayırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to perch? | alaçonçayırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to perch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençonçayğan edimçonçayğanemI had perched | sençonçayğan ediŋçonçayğaneŋyou had perched | olçonçayğan ediçonçayğanedhe had perched | bizçonçayğan edikçonçayğanekwe had perched | sizçonçayğan edigizçonçayğanegizyou all had perched | alaçonçayğan edileçonçayğanellethey had perched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençonçaymağan edimçonçaymağanemI hadn't perched | sençonçaymağan ediŋçonçaymağaneŋyou hadn't perched | olçonçaymağan ediçonçaymağanedhe hadn't perched | bizçonçaymağan edikçonçaymağanekwe hadn't perched | sizçonçaymağan edigizçonçaymağanegizyou all hadn't perched | alaçonçaymağan edileçonçaymağanellethey hadn't perched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençonçaya edimçonçayaemI was perching | sençonçaya ediŋçonçayaeŋyou were perching | olçonçaya ediçonçayaedhe was perching | bizçonçaya edikçonçayaekwe were perching | sizçonçaya edigizçonçayaegizyou all were perching | alaçonçaya edileçonçayaellethey were perching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençonçaymay edimçonçaymayemI wasn't perching | sençonçaymay ediŋçonçaymayeŋyou weren't perching | olçonçaymay ediçonçaymayedhe wasn't perching | bizçonçaymay edikçonçaymayekwe weren't perching | sizçonçaymay edigizçonçaymayegizyou all weren't perching | alaçonçaymay edileçonçaymayellethey weren't perching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençonçayıwçan edimçonçayıwçanemI used to perch | sençonçayıwçan ediŋçonçayıwçaneŋyou used to perch | olçonçayıwçan ediçonçayıwçanedhe used to perch | bizçonçayıwçan edikçonçayıwçanekwe used to perch | sizçonçayıwçan edigizçonçayıwçanegizyou all used to perch | alaçonçayıwçan edileçonçayıwçanellethey used to perch |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençonçaymawçan edimçonçaymawçanemI didn't use to perch | sençonçaymawçan ediŋçonçaymawçaneŋyou didn't use to perch | olçonçaymawçan ediçonçaymawçanedhe didn't use to perch | bizçonçaymawçan edikçonçaymawçanekwe didn't use to perch | sizçonçaymawçan edigizçonçaymawçanegizyou all didn't use to perch | alaçonçaymawçan edileçonçaymawçanellethey didn't use to perch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçonçayıb edihe had perched and remained so | alaçonçayıb edilethey had perched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçonçayıb tül edihe hadn't perched | alaçonçayıb tül edilethey hadn't perched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençonçayıb tura edimçonçayıb turaemI had kept perching | sençonçayıb tura ediŋçonçayıb turaeŋyou had kept perching | olçonçayıb tura ediçonçayıb turaedhe had kept perching | bizçonçayıb tura edikçonçayıb turaekwe had kept perching | sizçonçayıb tura edigizçonçayıb turaegizyou all had kept perching | alaçonçayıb tura edileçonçayıb turaellethey had kept perching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençonçayıb turmay edimçonçayıb turmayemI hadn't kept perching | sençonçayıb turmay ediŋçonçayıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept perching | olçonçayıb turmay ediçonçayıb turmayedhe hadn't kept perching | bizçonçayıb turmay edikçonçayıb turmayekwe hadn't kept perching | sizçonçayıb turmay edigizçonçayıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept perching | alaçonçayıb turmay edileçonçayıb turmayellethey hadn't kept perching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençonçaya tura edimçonçaya turaemI was in the middle of perching | sençonçaya tura ediŋçonçaya turaeŋyou were in the middle of perching | olçonçaya tura ediçonçaya turaedhe was in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya tura edikçonçaya turaekwe were in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya tura edigizçonçaya turaegizyou all were in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya tura edileçonçaya turaellethey were in the middle of perching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençonçaya turmay edimçonçaya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of perching | sençonçaya turmay ediŋçonçaya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of perching | olçonçaya turmay ediçonçaya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya turmay edikçonçaya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya turmay edigizçonçaya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya turmay edileçonçaya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of perching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençonçayır edimçonçayır emI would perch | sençonçayır ediŋçonçayır eŋyou would perch | olçonçayır ediçonçayır edhe would perch | bizçonçayır edikçonçayır ekwe would perch | sizçonçayır edigizçonçayır egizyou all would perch | alaçonçayır edileçonçayır ellethey would perch |
| Conditional result (would) | mençonçaymaz edimçonçaymaz emI wouldn't perch | sençonçaymaz ediŋçonçaymaz eŋyou wouldn't perch | olçonçaymaz ediçonçaymaz edhe wouldn't perch | bizçonçaymaz edikçonçaymaz ekwe wouldn't perch | sizçonçaymaz edigizçonçaymaz egizyou all wouldn't perch | alaçonçaymaz edileçonçaymaz ellethey wouldn't perch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençonçayırıq edimçonçayırıq emI would have perched | sençonçayırıq ediŋçonçayırıq eŋyou would have perched | olçonçayırıq ediçonçayırıq edhe would have perched | bizçonçayırıq edikçonçayırıq ekwe would have perched | sizçonçayırıq edigizçonçayırıq egizyou all would have perched | alaçonçayırıq edileçonçayırıq ellethey would have perched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençonçayırıq tül edimçonçayırıq tül emI wouldn't have perched | sençonçayırıq tül ediŋçonçayırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have perched | olçonçayırıq tül ediçonçayırıq tül edhe wouldn't have perched | bizçonçayırıq tül edikçonçayırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have perched | sizçonçayırıq tül edigizçonçayırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have perched | alaçonçayırıq tül edileçonçayırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have perched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençonçaysamif I perch | sençonçaysaŋif you perch | olçonçaysaif he perches | bizçonçaysaqif we perch | sizçonçaysağızif you all perch | alaçonçaysalaif they perch |
| Conditional | mençonçaymasamif I don't perch | sençonçaymasaŋif you don't perch | olçonçaymasaif he doesn't perch | bizçonçaymasaqif we don't perch | sizçonçaymasağızif you all don't perch | alaçonçaymasalaif they don't perch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençonçaya esemif I am perching | sençonçaya eseŋif you are perching | olçonçaya eseif he is perching | bizçonçaya esekif we are perching | sizçonçaya esegizif you all are perching | alaçonçaya eseleif they are perching |
| Conditional, present real | mençonçaymay esemif I am not perching | sençonçaymay eseŋif you are not perching | olçonçaymay eseif he is not perching | bizçonçaymay esekif we are not perching | sizçonçaymay esegizif you all are not perching | alaçonçaymay eseleif they are not perching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençonçaysam ediçonçaysam edif only I perched | sençonçaysaŋ ediçonçaysaŋ edif only you perched | olçonçaysa ediçonçaysaedif only he perched | bizçonçaysaq ediçonçaysaq edif only we perched | sizçonçaysağız ediçonçaysağız edif only you all perched | alaçonçaysala ediçonçaysalaedif only they perched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençonçaymasam ediçonçaymasam edif only I didn't perch | sençonçaymasaŋ ediçonçaymasaŋ edif only you didn't perch | olçonçaymasa ediçonçaymasaedif only he didn't perch | bizçonçaymasaq ediçonçaymasaq edif only we didn't perch | sizçonçaymasağız ediçonçaymasağız edif only you all didn't perch | alaçonçaymasala ediçonçaymasalaedif only they didn't perch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençonçayıb tursamif I carry on perching | sençonçayıb tursaŋif you carry on perching | olçonçayıb tursaif he carries on perching | bizçonçayıb tursaqif we carry on perching | sizçonçayıb tursağızif you all carry on perching | alaçonçayıb tursalaif they carry on perching |
| Durative conditional | mençonçayıb turmasamif I don't carry on perching | sençonçayıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on perching | olçonçayıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on perching | bizçonçayıb turmasaqif we don't carry on perching | sizçonçayıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on perching | alaçonçayıb turmasalaif they don't carry on perching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençonçayıb tura esemif I have kept perching | sençonçayıb tura eseŋif you have kept perching | olçonçayıb tura eseif he has kept perching | bizçonçayıb tura esekif we have kept perching | sizçonçayıb tura esegizif you all have kept perching | alaçonçayıb tura eseleif they have kept perching |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençonçayıb turmay esemif I haven't kept perching | sençonçayıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept perching | olçonçayıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept perching | bizçonçayıb turmay esekif we haven't kept perching | sizçonçayıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept perching | alaçonçayıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept perching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençonçaya tursamif I keep perching | sençonçaya tursaŋif you keep perching | olçonçaya tursaif he keeps perching | bizçonçaya tursaqif we keep perching | sizçonçaya tursağızif you all keep perching | alaçonçaya tursalaif they keep perching |
| Progressive conditional | mençonçaymay tursamif I keep on not perching | sençonçaymay tursaŋif you keep on not perching | olçonçaymay tursaif he keeps on not perching | bizçonçaymay tursaqif we keep on not perching | sizçonçaymay tursağızif you all keep on not perching | alaçonçaymay tursalaif they keep on not perching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençonçaya tura esemif I am in the middle of perching | sençonçaya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of perching | olçonçaya tura eseif he is in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya tura esekif we are in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya tura eseleif they are in the middle of perching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençonçaymay tura esemif I keep on not perching | sençonçaymay tura eseŋif you keep on not perching | olçonçaymay tura eseif he keeps on not perching | bizçonçaymay tura esekif we keep on not perching | sizçonçaymay tura esegizif you all keep on not perching | alaçonçaymay tura eseleif they keep on not perching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençonçaydım esemif I perched | sençonçaydıŋ eseŋif you perched | olçonçaydı eseif he perched | bizçonçaydıq esekif we perched | sizçonçaydığız esegizif you all perched | alaçonçaydıla eseleif they perched |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençonçaymadım esemif I didn't perch | sençonçaymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't perch | olçonçaymadı eseif he didn't perch | bizçonçaymadıq esekif we didn't perch | sizçonçaymadığız esegizif you all didn't perch | alaçonçaymadıla eseleif they didn't perch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençonçayğan esemif I did perch (indeed) | sençonçayğan eseŋif you did perch (indeed) | olçonçayğan eseif he did perch (indeed) | bizçonçayğan esekif we did perch (indeed) | sizçonçayğan esegizif you all did perch (indeed) | alaçonçayğan eseleif they did perch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençonçaymağan esemif I didn't perch (indeed) | sençonçaymağan eseŋif you didn't perch (indeed) | olçonçaymağan eseif he didn't perch (indeed) | bizçonçaymağan esekif we didn't perch (indeed) | sizçonçaymağan esegizif you all didn't perch (indeed) | alaçonçaymağan eseleif they didn't perch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençonçayğan bolsamif I had perched | sençonçayğan bolsaŋif you had perched | olçonçayğan bolsaif he had perched | bizçonçayğan bolsaqif we had perched | sizçonçayğan bolsağızif you all had perched | alaçonçayğan bolsalaif they had perched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençonçaymağan bolsamif I hadn't perched | sençonçaymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't perched | olçonçaymağan bolsaif he hadn't perched | bizçonçaymağan bolsaqif we hadn't perched | sizçonçaymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't perched | alaçonçaymağan bolsalaif they hadn't perched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençonçayğan bolsam ediçonçayğan bolsam edif only I had perched | sençonçayğan bolsaŋ ediçonçayğan bolsaŋ edif only you had perched | olçonçayğan bolsa ediçonçayğan bolsaedif only he had perched | bizçonçayğan bolsaq ediçonçayğan bolsaq edif only we had perched | sizçonçayğan bolsağız ediçonçayğan bolsağız edif only you all had perched | alaçonçayğan bolsala ediçonçayğan bolsalaedif only they had perched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençonçaymağan bolsam ediçonçaymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't perched | sençonçaymağan bolsaŋ ediçonçaymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't perched | olçonçaymağan bolsa ediçonçaymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't perched | bizçonçaymağan bolsaq ediçonçaymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't perched | sizçonçaymağan bolsağız ediçonçaymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't perched | alaçonçaymağan bolsala ediçonçaymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't perched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençonçayır esemif I will perch | sençonçayır eseŋif you will perch | olçonçayır eseif he will perch | bizçonçayır esekif we will perch | sizçonçayır esegizif you all will perch | alaçonçayır eseleif they will perch |
| Conditional, aorist | mençonçaymaz esemif I won't perch | sençonçaymaz eseŋif you won't perch | olçonçaymaz eseif he won't perch | bizçonçaymaz esekif we won't perch | sizçonçaymaz esegizif you all won't perch | alaçonçaymaz eseleif they won't perch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençonçayırıq esemif I am going to perch | sençonçayırıq eseŋif you are going to perch | olçonçayırıq eseif he is going to perch | bizçonçayırıq esekif we are going to perch | sizçonçayırıq esegizif you all are going to perch | alaçonçayırıq eseleif they are going to perch |
| Conditional, future | mençonçayırıq tül esemif I am not going to perch | sençonçayırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to perch | olçonçayırıq tül eseif he is not going to perch | bizçonçayırıq tül esekif we are not going to perch | sizçonçayırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to perch | alaçonçayırıq tül eseleif they are not going to perch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençonçayırıq bolsamif I were going to perch | sençonçayırıq bolsaŋif you were going to perch | olçonçayırıq bolsaif he were going to perch | bizçonçayırıq bolsaqif we were going to perch | sizçonçayırıq bolsağızif you all were going to perch | alaçonçayırıq bolsalaif they were going to perch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençonçaymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to perch | sençonçaymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to perch | olçonçaymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to perch | bizçonçaymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to perch | sizçonçaymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to perch | alaçonçaymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to perch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çonçaydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençonçaya bolurmaI must be perching | sençonçaya bolursayou must be perching | olçonçaya bolurhe must be perching | bizçonçaya bolurbuzwe must be perching | sizçonçaya bolursuzyou all must be perching | alaçonçaya bolurlathey must be perching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençonçaymay bolurmaI must not be perching | sençonçaymay bolursayou must not be perching | olçonçaymay bolurhe must not be perching | bizçonçaymay bolurbuzwe must not be perching | sizçonçaymay bolursuzyou all must not be perching | alaçonçaymay bolurlathey must not be perching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençonçaya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of perching | sençonçaya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of perching | olçonçaya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of perching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençonçaymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not perching | sençonçaymay tura bolursayou must keep on not perching | olçonçaymay tura bolurhe must keep on not perching | bizçonçaymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not perching | sizçonçaymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not perching | alaçonçaymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not perching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençonçayğan bolurmaI must have perched | sençonçayğan bolursayou must have perched | olçonçayğan bolurhe must have perched | bizçonçayğan bolurbuzwe must have perched | sizçonçayğan bolursuzyou all must have perched | alaçonçayğan bolurlathey must have perched |
| Inference (must have) | mençonçaymağan bolurmaI must not have perched | sençonçaymağan bolursayou must not have perched | olçonçaymağan bolurhe must not have perched | bizçonçaymağan bolurbuzwe must not have perched | sizçonçaymağan bolursuzyou all must not have perched | alaçonçaymağan bolurlathey must not have perched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençonçayırıq bolurmaI must be going to perch | sençonçayırıq bolursayou must be going to perch | olçonçayırıq bolurhe must be going to perch | bizçonçayırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to perch | sizçonçayırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to perch | alaçonçayırıq bolurlathey must be going to perch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençonçaymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to perch | sençonçaymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to perch | olçonçaymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to perch | bizçonçaymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to perch | sizçonçaymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to perch | alaçonçaymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to perch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençonçayayımlet me perch | sençonçay!perch! | olçonçaysınlet him perch | bizçonçayayıqlet's perch | sizçonçayığız!perch, you all! | alaçonçaysınlalet them perch |
| Commands & suggestions | mençonçaymayımlet me not perch | sençonçayma!don't perch! | olçonçaymasınlet him not perch | bizçonçaymayıqlet's not perch | sizçonçaymağız!don't perch, you all! | alaçonçaymasınlalet them not perch |
| Commands & suggestions | mençonçayayımmı?shall I perch? | olçonçaysınmı?should he perch? | bizçonçayayıqmı?shall we perch? | alaçonçaysınlamı?should they perch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençonçaymayımmı?shall I not perch? | olçonçaymasınmı?should he not perch? | bizçonçaymayıqmı?shall we not perch? | alaçonçaymasınlamı?should they not perch? | ||
| Requests | sençonçayçı2çonçayçınplease perch | olçonçaysınçıdo let him perch | sizçonçayçığızplease perch (plural/polite) | alaçonçaysınlaçıdo let them perch | ||
| Requests | sençonçaymaçı2çonçaymaçınplease don't perch | olçonçaymasınçıdo let him not perch | sizçonçaymaçığızplease don't perch (plural/polite) | alaçonçaymasınlaçıdo let them not perch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençonçayğınçonçayğımay you perch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençonçaymağınçonçaymağımay you not perch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençonçayğay edim çonçayğa edimwould that I perched | sençonçayğay ediŋ çonçayğa ediŋwould that you perched | olçonçayğay edi çonçayğa ediwould that he perched | bizçonçayğay edik çonçayğa edikwould that we perched | sizçonçayğay edigiz çonçayğa edigizwould that you all perched | alaçonçayğay edile çonçayğa edilewould that they perched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençonçaymağay edim çonçaymağa edimwould that I did not perch | sençonçaymağay ediŋ çonçaymağa ediŋwould that you did not perch | olçonçaymağay edi çonçaymağa ediwould that he did not perch | bizçonçaymağay edik çonçaymağa edikwould that we did not perch | sizçonçaymağay edigiz çonçaymağa edigizwould that you all did not perch | alaçonçaymağay edile çonçaymağa edilewould that they did not perch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençonçaymağa qoyayımçonçayma qoyayımlet me allow someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoy!çonçayma qoy!let someone perch! | olçonçaymağa qoysunçonçayma qoysunlet him allow someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoyayıqçonçayma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoyuğuz!çonçayma qoyuğuz!let someone perch, you all! | alaçonçaymağa qoysunlaçonçayma qoysunlalet them allow someone to perch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençonçaymağa qoymayımçonçayma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoyma!çonçayma qoyma!don't let someone perch! | olçonçaymağa qoymasınçonçayma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoymayıqçonçayma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoymağız!çonçayma qoymağız!don't let someone perch, you all! | alaçonçaymağa qoymasınlaçonçayma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to perch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençonçaymağa qoyayımmı?çonçayma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoysunmu?çonçayma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoyayıqmı?çonçayma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoysunlamı?çonçayma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to perch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençonçaymağa qoymayımmı?çonçayma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoymasınmı?çonçayma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoymayıqmı?çonçayma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoymasınlamı?çonçayma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to perch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençonçaymağa qoyamaçonçayma qoyamaI allow someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoyasaçonçayma qoyasayou allow someone to perch | olçonçaymağa qoyadıçonçayma qoyadıhe allows someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoyabızçonçayma qoyabızwe allow someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoyasızçonçayma qoyasızyou all allow someone to perch | alaçonçaymağa qoyadılaçonçayma qoyadılathey allow someone to perch |
| Let someone… (present) | mençonçaymağa qoymaymaçonçayma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoymaysaçonçayma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to perch | olçonçaymağa qoymaydıçonçayma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoymaybızçonçayma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoymaysızçonçayma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to perch | alaçonçaymağa qoymaydılaçonçayma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to perch |
| Let someone… (present) | mençonçaymağa qoyamamı?çonçayma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to perch? | sençonçaymağa qoyamısa?çonçayma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoyamıdı?çonçayma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoyabızmı?çonçayma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to perch? | sizçonçaymağa qoyamısız?çonçayma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoyamıdıla?çonçayma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to perch? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençonçaymağa qoymaymamı?çonçayma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to perch? | sençonçaymağa qoymaymısa?çonçayma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoymaymıdı?çonçayma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoymaybızmı?çonçayma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to perch? | sizçonçaymağa qoymaymısız?çonçayma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoymaymıdıla?çonçayma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to perch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençonçaymağa qoydumçonçayma qoydumI allowed someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoyduŋçonçayma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to perch | olçonçaymağa qoyduçonçayma qoyduhe allowed someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoyduqçonçayma qoyduqwe allowed someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoyduğuzçonçayma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to perch | alaçonçaymağa qoydulaçonçayma qoydulathey allowed someone to perch |
| Let someone… (past) | mençonçaymağa qoymadımçonçayma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to perch | sençonçaymağa qoymadıŋçonçayma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to perch | olçonçaymağa qoymadıçonçayma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to perch | bizçonçaymağa qoymadıqçonçayma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to perch | sizçonçaymağa qoymadığızçonçayma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to perch | alaçonçaymağa qoymadılaçonçayma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to perch |
| Let someone… (past) | mençonçaymağa qoydummu?çonçayma qoydummu?did I allow someone to perch? | sençonçaymağa qoyduŋmu?çonçayma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoydumu?çonçayma qoydumu?did he allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoyduqmu?çonçayma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to perch? | sizçonçaymağa qoyduğuzmu?çonçayma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoydulamı?çonçayma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to perch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençonçaymağa qoymadımmı?çonçayma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to perch? | sençonçaymağa qoymadıŋmı?çonçayma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to perch? | olçonçaymağa qoymadımı?çonçayma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to perch? | bizçonçaymağa qoymadıqmı?çonçayma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to perch? | sizçonçaymağa qoymadığızmı?çonçayma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to perch? | alaçonçaymağa qoymadılamı?çonçayma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to perch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çonçayalırğa be able to perch · çonçayalmazğa be unable to perch
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençonçayalamaI can perch | sençonçayalasayou can perch | olçonçayaladıhe can perch | bizçonçayalabızwe can perch | sizçonçayalasızyou all can perch | alaçonçayaladılathey can perch |
| Ability — present | mençonçayalmaymaI can't perch | sençonçayalmaysayou can't perch | olçonçayalmaydıhe can't perch | bizçonçayalmaybızwe can't perch | sizçonçayalmaysızyou all can't perch | alaçonçayalmaydılathey can't perch |
| Ability — present | mençonçayalamamı? çonçayalamıma?can I perch? | sençonçayalamısa?can you perch? | olçonçayalamıdı?can he perch? | bizçonçayalabızmı? çonçayalamıbız?can we perch? | sizçonçayalamısız?can you all perch? | alaçonçayalamıdıla?can they perch? |
| Ability — present | mençonçayalmaymamı? çonçayalmaymıma?can't I perch? | sençonçayalmaymısa?can't you perch? | olçonçayalmaymıdı?can't he perch? | bizçonçayalmaybızmı? çonçayalmaymıbız?can't we perch? | sizçonçayalmaymısız?can't you all perch? | alaçonçayalmaymıdıla?can't they perch? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençonçayalsamif I can perch | sençonçayalsaŋif you can perch | olçonçayalsaif he can perch | bizçonçayalsaqif we can perch | sizçonçayalsağızif you all can perch | alaçonçayalsalaif they can perch |
| Ability — if I can… | mençonçayalmasamif I can't perch | sençonçayalmasaŋif you can't perch | olçonçayalmasaif he can't perch | bizçonçayalmasaqif we can't perch | sizçonçayalmasağızif you all can't perch | alaçonçayalmasalaif they can't perch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençonçayaldımI was able to perch | sençonçayaldıŋyou were able to perch | olçonçayaldıhe was able to perch | bizçonçayaldıqwe were able to perch | sizçonçayaldığızyou all were able to perch | alaçonçayaldılathey were able to perch |
| Ability — simple past | mençonçayalmadımI could not perch | sençonçayalmadıŋyou could not perch | olçonçayalmadıhe could not perch | bizçonçayalmadıqwe could not perch | sizçonçayalmadığızyou all could not perch | alaçonçayalmadılathey could not perch |
| Ability — simple past | mençonçayaldımmı?was I able to perch? | sençonçayaldıŋmı?were you able to perch? | olçonçayaldımı?was he able to perch? | bizçonçayaldıqmı?were we able to perch? | sizçonçayaldığızmı?were you all able to perch? | alaçonçayaldılamı?were they able to perch? |
| Ability — simple past | mençonçayalmadımmı?couldn't I perch? | sençonçayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you perch? | olçonçayalmadımı?couldn't he perch? | bizçonçayalmadıqmı?couldn't we perch? | sizçonçayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all perch? | alaçonçayalmadılamı?couldn't they perch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençonçayalğanmaI have been able to perch | sençonçayalğansayou have been able to perch | olçonçayalğandıhe has been able to perch | bizçonçayalğanbızwe have been able to perch | sizçonçayalğansızyou all have been able to perch | alaçonçayalğandılathey have been able to perch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençonçayalmağanmaI haven't been able to perch | sençonçayalmağansayou haven't been able to perch | olçonçayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to perch | bizçonçayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to perch | sizçonçayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to perch | alaçonçayalmağandılathey haven't been able to perch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençonçayalğanmamı? çonçayalğanmıma?have I been able to perch? | sençonçayalğanmısa?have you been able to perch? | olçonçayalğanmıdı?has he been able to perch? | bizçonçayalğanbızmı? çonçayalğanmıbız?have we been able to perch? | sizçonçayalğanmısız?have you all been able to perch? | alaçonçayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to perch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençonçayalmağanmamı? çonçayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to perch? | sençonçayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to perch? | olçonçayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to perch? | bizçonçayalmağanbızmı? çonçayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to perch? | sizçonçayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to perch? | alaçonçayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to perch? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençonçayalğan edimçonçayalğanemI had been able to perch | sençonçayalğan ediŋçonçayalğaneŋyou had been able to perch | olçonçayalğan ediçonçayalğanedhe had been able to perch | bizçonçayalğan edikçonçayalğanekwe had been able to perch | sizçonçayalğan edigizçonçayalğanegizyou all had been able to perch | alaçonçayalğan edileçonçayalğanellethey had been able to perch |
| Ability — past perfect | mençonçayalmağan edimçonçayalmağanemI hadn't been able to perch | sençonçayalmağan ediŋçonçayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to perch | olçonçayalmağan ediçonçayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to perch | bizçonçayalmağan edikçonçayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to perch | sizçonçayalmağan edigizçonçayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to perch | alaçonçayalmağan edileçonçayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to perch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençonçayala edimçonçayalaemI could perch | sençonçayala ediŋçonçayalaeŋyou could perch | olçonçayala ediçonçayalaedhe could perch | bizçonçayala edikçonçayalaekwe could perch | sizçonçayala edigizçonçayalaegizyou all could perch | alaçonçayala edileçonçayalaellethey could perch |
| Ability — past background | mençonçayalmay edimçonçayalmayemI could not perch | sençonçayalmay ediŋçonçayalmayeŋyou could not perch | olçonçayalmay ediçonçayalmayedhe could not perch | bizçonçayalmay edikçonçayalmayekwe could not perch | sizçonçayalmay edigizçonçayalmayegizyou all could not perch | alaçonçayalmay edileçonçayalmayellethey could not perch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençonçayalırmaI will be able to perch | sençonçayalırsayou will be able to perch | olçonçayalırhe will be able to perch | bizçonçayalırbızwe will be able to perch | sizçonçayalırsızyou all will be able to perch | alaçonçayalırlathey will be able to perch |
| Ability — future I | mençonçayalmazmaI won't be able to perch | sençonçayalmazsayou won't be able to perch | olçonçayalmazhe won't be able to perch | bizçonçayalmazbızwe won't be able to perch | sizçonçayalmazsızyou all won't be able to perch | alaçonçayalmazlathey won't be able to perch |
| Ability — future I | mençonçayalırmamı? çonçayalırmıma?will I be able to perch? | sençonçayalırmısa?will you be able to perch? | olçonçayalırmı?will he be able to perch? | bizçonçayalırbızmı? çonçayalırmıbız?will we be able to perch? | sizçonçayalırmısız?will you all be able to perch? | alaçonçayalırlamı? çonçayalırmıla?will they be able to perch? |
| Ability — future I | mençonçayalmazmamı? çonçayalmazmıma?won't I be able to perch? | sençonçayalmazmısa?won't you be able to perch? | olçonçayalmazmı?won't he be able to perch? | bizçonçayalmazbızmı? çonçayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to perch? | sizçonçayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to perch? | alaçonçayalmazlamı? çonçayalmazmıla?won't they be able to perch? |
| Ability — future II | mençonçayallıqmaI am going to be able to perch | sençonçayallıqsayou are going to be able to perch | olçonçayallıqdıhe is going to be able to perch | bizçonçayallıqbızwe are going to be able to perch | sizçonçayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to perch | alaçonçayallıqdılathey are going to be able to perch |
| Ability — future II | mençonçayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to perch | sençonçayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to perch | olçonçayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to perch | bizçonçayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to perch | sizçonçayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to perch | alaçonçayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to perch |
| Ability — future II | mençonçayallıqmamı? çonçayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to perch? | sençonçayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to perch? | olçonçayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to perch? | bizçonçayallıqbızmı? çonçayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to perch? | sizçonçayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to perch? | alaçonçayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to perch? |
| Ability — future II | mençonçayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to perch? | sençonçayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to perch? | olçonçayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to perch? | bizçonçayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to perch? | sizçonçayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to perch? | alaçonçayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to perch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençonçayalır edimçonçayalır emI would be able to perch | sençonçayalır ediŋçonçayalır eŋyou would be able to perch | olçonçayalır ediçonçayalır edhe would be able to perch | bizçonçayalır edikçonçayalır ekwe would be able to perch | sizçonçayalır edigizçonçayalır egizyou all would be able to perch | alaçonçayalır edileçonçayalır ellethey would be able to perch |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençonçayalmaz edimçonçayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to perch | sençonçayalmaz ediŋçonçayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to perch | olçonçayalmaz ediçonçayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to perch | bizçonçayalmaz edikçonçayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to perch | sizçonçayalmaz edigizçonçayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to perch | alaçonçayalmaz edileçonçayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to perch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençonçayalğınçonçayalğımay you be able to perch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençonçayalmağınçonçayalmağımay you not be able to perch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençonçayırğa izleymeI want to perch | sençonçayırğa izleyseyou want to perch | olçonçayırğa izleydihe wants to perch | bizçonçayırğa izleybizwe want to perch | sizçonçayırğa izleysizyou all want to perch | alaçonçayırğa izleydilethey want to perch |
| want to | mençonçayırğa izlemeymeI do not want to perch | sençonçayırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to perch | olçonçayırğa izlemeydihe does not want to perch | bizçonçayırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to perch | sizçonçayırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to perch | alaçonçayırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to perch |
| would like to | mençonçayırğa süemeI would like to perch | sençonçayırğa süeseyou would like to perch | olçonçayırğa süedihe would like to perch | bizçonçayırğa süebizwe would like to perch | sizçonçayırğa süesizyou all would like to perch | alaçonçayırğa süedilethey would like to perch |
| would like to | mençonçayırğa süymeymeI would not like to perch | sençonçayırğa süymeyseyou would not like to perch | olçonçayırğa süymeydihe would not like to perch | bizçonçayırğa süymeybizwe would not like to perch | sizçonçayırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to perch | alaçonçayırğa süymeydilethey would not like to perch |
| hope to | mençonçayırğa umutlanamaI hope to perch | sençonçayırğa umutlanasayou hope to perch | olçonçayırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to perch | bizçonçayırğa umutlanabızwe hope to perch | sizçonçayırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to perch | alaçonçayırğa umutlanadılathey hope to perch |
| hope to | mençonçayırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to perch | sençonçayırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to perch | olçonçayırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to perch | bizçonçayırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to perch | sizçonçayırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to perch | alaçonçayırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to perch |
| be about to | mençonçayırğa deb turamaI am about to perch | sençonçayırğa deb turasayou are about to perch | olçonçayırğa deb turadıhe is about to perch | bizçonçayırğa deb turabızwe are about to perch | sizçonçayırğa deb turasızyou all are about to perch | alaçonçayırğa deb turadılathey are about to perch |
| be about to | mençonçayırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to perch | sençonçayırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to perch | olçonçayırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to perch | bizçonçayırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to perch | sizçonçayırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to perch | alaçonçayırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to perch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençonçayırğa kerekmeI need to perch | sençonçayırğa kerekseyou need to perch | olçonçayırğa kerekdihe needs to perch | bizçonçayırğa kerekbizwe need to perch | sizçonçayırğa kereksizyou all need to perch | alaçonçayırğa kerekdilethey need to perch |
| need to | mençonçayırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to perch | sençonçayırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to perch | olçonçayırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to perch | bizçonçayırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to perch | sizçonçayırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to perch | alaçonçayırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to perch |
| have to | menmenŋe çonçayırğa tüşediI have to perch | sensenŋe çonçayırğa tüşediyou have to perch | olaŋa çonçayırğa tüşedihe has to perch | bizbizge çonçayırğa tüşediwe have to perch | sizsizge çonçayırğa tüşediyou all have to perch | alaalağa çonçayırğa tüşedithey have to perch |
| have to | menmenŋe çonçayırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to perch | sensenŋe çonçayırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to perch | olaŋa çonçayırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to perch | bizbizge çonçayırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to perch | sizsizge çonçayırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to perch | alaalağa çonçayırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to perch |
| be obliged to | mençonçayırğa borçlumaI am obliged to perch | sençonçayırğa borçlusayou are obliged to perch | olçonçayırğa borçluduhe is obliged to perch | bizçonçayırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to perch | sizçonçayırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to perch | alaçonçayırğa borçludulathey are obliged to perch |
| be obliged to | mençonçayırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to perch | sençonçayırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to perch | olçonçayırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to perch | bizçonçayırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to perch | sizçonçayırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to perch | alaçonçayırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to perch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençonçayırğa madarım bardıI have a way to perch | sençonçayırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to perch | olçonçayırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to perch | bizçonçayırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to perch | sizçonçayırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to perch | alaçonçayırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to perch |
| have a way to | mençonçayırğa madarım joqduI have no way to perch | sençonçayırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to perch | olçonçayırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to perch | bizçonçayırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to perch | sizçonçayırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to perch | alaçonçayırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to perch |
| be free to | mençonçayırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to perch | sençonçayırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to perch | olçonçayırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to perch | bizçonçayırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to perch | sizçonçayırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to perch | alaçonçayırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to perch |
| be free to | mençonçayırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to perch | sençonçayırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to perch | olçonçayırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to perch | bizçonçayırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to perch | sizçonçayırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to perch | alaçonçayırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to perch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to perch | sensenŋe çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to perch | olaŋa çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to perch | bizbizge çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to perch | sizsizge çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to perch | alaalağa çonçayırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to perch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to perch | sensenŋe çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to perch | olaŋa çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to perch | bizbizge çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to perch | sizsizge çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to perch | alaalağa çonçayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to perch |
| be ready to | mençonçayırğa hazırmaI am ready to perch | sençonçayırğa hazırsayou are ready to perch | olçonçayırğa hazırdıhe is ready to perch | bizçonçayırğa hazırbızwe are ready to perch | sizçonçayırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to perch | alaçonçayırğa hazırdılathey are ready to perch |
| be ready to | mençonçayırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to perch | sençonçayırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to perch | olçonçayırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to perch | bizçonçayırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to perch | sizçonçayırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to perch | alaçonçayırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to perch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençonçayırğa küreşemeI am trying to perch | sençonçayırğa küreşeseyou are trying to perch | olçonçayırğa küreşedihe is trying to perch | bizçonçayırğa küreşebizwe are trying to perch | sizçonçayırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to perch | alaçonçayırğa küreşedilethey are trying to perch |
| try to | mençonçayırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to perch | sençonçayırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to perch | olçonçayırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to perch | bizçonçayırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to perch | sizçonçayırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to perch | alaçonçayırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to perch |
| agree to | mençonçayırğa unaymaI agree to perch | sençonçayırğa unaysayou agree to perch | olçonçayırğa unaydıhe agrees to perch | bizçonçayırğa unaybızwe agree to perch | sizçonçayırğa unaysızyou all agree to perch | alaçonçayırğa unaydılathey agree to perch |
| agree to | mençonçayırğa unamaymaI refuse to perch | sençonçayırğa unamaysayou refuse to perch | olçonçayırğa unamaydıhe refuses to perch | bizçonçayırğa unamaybızwe refuse to perch | sizçonçayırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to perch | alaçonçayırğa unamaydılathey refuse to perch |
| hurry to | mençonçayırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to perch | sençonçayırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to perch | olçonçayırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to perch | bizçonçayırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to perch | sizçonçayırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to perch | alaçonçayırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to perch |
| hurry to | mençonçayırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to perch | sençonçayırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to perch | olçonçayırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to perch | bizçonçayırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to perch | sizçonçayırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to perch | alaçonçayırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to perch |
| be afraid to | mençonçayırğa qorqamaI am afraid to perch | sençonçayırğa qorqasayou are afraid to perch | olçonçayırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to perch | bizçonçayırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to perch | sizçonçayırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to perch | alaçonçayırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to perch |
| be afraid to | mençonçayırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to perch | sençonçayırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to perch | olçonçayırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to perch | bizçonçayırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to perch | sizçonçayırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to perch | alaçonçayırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to perch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençonçaya bolmazmaI can't be perching | sençonçaya bolmazsayou can't be perching | olçonçaya bolmazhe can't be perching | bizçonçaya bolmazbızwe can't be perching | sizçonçaya bolmazsızyou all can't be perching | alaçonçaya bolmazlathey can't be perching |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençonçaymay bolmazmaI must be perching (emphatic) | sençonçaymay bolmazsayou must be perching (emphatic) | olçonçaymay bolmazhe must be perching (emphatic) | bizçonçaymay bolmazbızwe must be perching (emphatic) | sizçonçaymay bolmazsızyou all must be perching (emphatic) | alaçonçaymay bolmazlathey must be perching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençonçaya turmasamif I don't keep perching | sençonçaya turmasaŋif you don't keep perching | olçonçaya turmasaif he doesn't keep perching | bizçonçaya turmasaqif we don't keep perching | sizçonçaya turmasağızif you all don't keep perching | alaçonçaya turmasalaif they don't keep perching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençonçaya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of perching | sençonçaya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of perching | olçonçaya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of perching | bizçonçaya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of perching | sizçonçaya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of perching | alaçonçaya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of perching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençonçaymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not perching (emphatic) | sençonçaymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not perching (emphatic) | olçonçaymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not perching (emphatic) | bizçonçaymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not perching (emphatic) | sizçonçaymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not perching (emphatic) | alaçonçaymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not perching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençonçaymay turamaI keep on not perching | sençonçaymay turasayou keep on not perching | olçonçaymay turadıhe keeps on not perching | bizçonçaymay turabızwe keep on not perching | sizçonçaymay turasızyou all keep on not perching | alaçonçaymay turadılathey keep on not perching |
| Progressive — double negation | mençonçaymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not perching | sençonçaymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not perching | olçonçaymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not perching | bizçonçaymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not perching | sizçonçaymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not perching | alaçonçaymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not perching |
| Progressive — double negation | mençonçaymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not perching? | sençonçaymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not perching? | olçonçaymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not perching? | bizçonçaymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not perching? | sizçonçaymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not perching? | alaçonçaymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not perching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençonçayğan bolmazmaI can't have perched | sençonçayğan bolmazsayou can't have perched | olçonçayğan bolmazhe can't have perched | bizçonçayğan bolmazbızwe can't have perched | sizçonçayğan bolmazsızyou all can't have perched | alaçonçayğan bolmazlathey can't have perched |
| Inference — double negation | mençonçaymağan bolmazmaI must have perched (emphatic) | sençonçaymağan bolmazsayou must have perched (emphatic) | olçonçaymağan bolmazhe must have perched (emphatic) | bizçonçaymağan bolmazbızwe must have perched (emphatic) | sizçonçaymağan bolmazsızyou all must have perched (emphatic) | alaçonçaymağan bolmazlathey must have perched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençonçayğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had perched | sençonçayğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had perched | olçonçayğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had perched | bizçonçayğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had perched | sizçonçayğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had perched | alaçonçayğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had perched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençonçaymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't perched | sençonçaymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't perched | olçonçaymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't perched | bizçonçaymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't perched | sizçonçaymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't perched | alaçonçaymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't perched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençonçayırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to perch | sençonçayırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to perch | olçonçayırıq bolmazhe can't be going to perch | bizçonçayırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to perch | sizçonçayırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to perch | alaçonçayırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to perch |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençonçaymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to perch (emphatic) | sençonçaymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to perch (emphatic) | olçonçaymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to perch (emphatic) | bizçonçaymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to perch (emphatic) | sizçonçaymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to perch (emphatic) | alaçonçaymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to perch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençonçayırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to perch | sençonçayırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to perch | olçonçayırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to perch | bizçonçayırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to perch | sizçonçayırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to perch | alaçonçayırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to perch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençonçaymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to perch | sençonçaymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to perch | olçonçaymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to perch | bizçonçaymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to perch | sizçonçaymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to perch | alaçonçaymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to perch |