uçarğa
/utʃarʁa/
1. fly; take off (of a bird or aircraft); travel by air
- qanatlıla uçub ketdile — the birds flew away
- qarılğaç terezeden uçub kirdi — the swallow flew in through the window
- elibizden uçub kelgen bulbulçuq — the little nightingale that flew in from our village
- oŋu bolmasa, quş da uçalmaydı — without strength, even a bird cannot fly
2. slide over a smooth surface; skate, ski, or sled
- çana bla uçarğa — to ride on a sled
- buzda uçarğa — to slide on ice
- sabiyle buzda uçadıla — the children slide on the ice
- duppurdan çana bla uçarğa — to sled down the hill
- erikginçi uçarğa — to ride to one's heart's content
3. swing on a swing
- men gıllıwçada uçama — I am swinging on the swing
- sabiyle gıllıwçada uçadıla — the children swing on the swing
- gıllıwçada aqırın uça — swinging gently on a swing
4. dance one source
- toyda uçarğa — to dance at a wedding
- qızla toyda uçadıla — the girls dance at the wedding
- jaşla ariw uçdula — the young men danced beautifully
5. rush, race along one source
- jaş üyge uçub keldi — the boy came rushing home
- atlı tüzde uçub baradı — the rider is racing across the plain
- men işge uçub bardım — I rushed to work
6. pass quickly (of time) one source
- zaman uçub baradı — time is flying by
- jay uçub ketdi — the summer flew by
- künle terk uçadıla — the days pass quickly
7. disappear, vanish
- sen olsağatha qayrı uçhan ediŋ? — where did you disappear to so quickly?
- uçdu, küydü — he vanished, burned away (vanished without a trace)
- açham uçub qalğandı — my money has vanished
- jaşçıq terk uçdu — the little boy vanished quickly
8. pounce on someone, attack
- ol menŋe uçub qaldı — he pounced on me
- it menŋe uçub qaldı — the dog pounced on me
- üsüme uçub qalsa bolamıdı — and suddenly he pounced on me
- birewge uçub qalırğa — to pounce on somebody
9. spread (of news or a report) one source
- hapar terk uçdu — the news spread quickly
- aman hapar tögerekge uçadı — bad news spreads all around
- hapar elge uçub jetdi — the news spread to the village
10. fall one source
- jaş atdan uçub tüşdü — the boy fell off the horse
- terekden uçub tüşdü — he fell down from the tree
- taşla jarğa uçdula — the stones fell into the ravine
11. slip or slide down (of ground)
- jer uçhan — landslide (lit. slipped ground)
- jer uçhandı — the ground has slipped
- jaŋurdan sora jer uçdu — after the rain the ground slid
- jol janı uçub ketdi — the roadside slid down
12. steal; sneak in somewhere to steal one source
- keçeni arasında terek baçhağa uçarğa — to sneak into the orchard at night
Expressions
- çibin uçhan eşitilirge — dead silent
- quş bolubmu uçarıqsa — what's the rush
- uçar quşça — in high spirits
- uçhan oqdan köz jummazğa — fight fearlessly
Conjugation
Common forms
- uçadıhe is flying
- uçduhe flew
- uçhandıhe has flown
- uçarhe will fly
- uçarıqdıhe is going to fly
- uça edihe was flying
- uçsaif he flies
- uç!fly!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuçamaI am flying | senuçasayou are flying | oluçadıhe is flying | bizuçabızwe are flying | sizuçasızyou all are flying | alauçadılathey are flying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuçmaymaI am not flying | senuçmaysayou are not flying | oluçmaydıhe is not flying | bizuçmaybızwe are not flying | sizuçmaysızyou all are not flying | alauçmaydılathey are not flying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuçamamı? uçamıma?am I flying? | senuçamısa?are you flying? | oluçamıdı?is he flying? | bizuçabızmı? uçamıbız?are we flying? | sizuçamısız?are you all flying? | alauçamıdıla?are they flying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuçmaymamı? uçmaymıma?aren't I flying? | senuçmaymısa?aren't you flying? | oluçmaymıdı?isn't he flying? | bizuçmaybızmı? uçmaymıbız?aren't we flying? | sizuçmaymısız?aren't you all flying? | alauçmaymıdıla?aren't they flying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuçuwçanmaI usually fly | senuçuwçansayou usually fly | oluçuwçandıhe usually flies | bizuçuwçanbızwe usually fly | sizuçuwçansızyou all usually fly | alauçuwçandılathey usually fly |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuçmawçanmaI usually don't fly | senuçmawçansayou usually don't fly | oluçmawçandıhe usually doesn't fly | bizuçmawçanbızwe usually don't fly | sizuçmawçansızyou all usually don't fly | alauçmawçandılathey usually don't fly |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuçuwçanmamı? uçuwçanmıma?do I usually fly? | senuçuwçanmısa?do you usually fly? | oluçuwçanmıdı?does he usually fly? | bizuçuwçanbızmı? uçuwçanmıbız?do we usually fly? | sizuçuwçanmısız?do you all usually fly? | alauçuwçanmıdıla?do they usually fly? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuçmawçanmamı? uçmawçanmıma?do I usually not fly? | senuçmawçanmısa?do you usually not fly? | oluçmawçanmıdı?does he usually not fly? | bizuçmawçanbızmı? uçmawçanmıbız?do we usually not fly? | sizuçmawçanmısız?do you all usually not fly? | alauçmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not fly? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oluçubduhe has flown and remains so | alauçubdulathey have flown and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oluçubmudu?has he flown? | alauçubmudula?have they flown? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuçub turamaI keep flying | senuçub turasayou keep flying | oluçub turadıhe keeps flying | bizuçub turabızwe keep flying | sizuçub turasızyou all keep flying | alauçub turadılathey keep flying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuçub turmaymaI don't keep flying | senuçub turmaysayou don't keep flying | oluçub turmaydıhe doesn't keep flying | bizuçub turmaybızwe don't keep flying | sizuçub turmaysızyou all don't keep flying | alauçub turmaydılathey don't keep flying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuçub turamamı? uçub turamıma?do I keep flying? | senuçub turamısa?do you keep flying? | oluçub turamıdı?does he keep flying? | bizuçub turabızmı? uçub turamıbız?do we keep flying? | sizuçub turamısız?do you all keep flying? | alauçub turamıdıla?do they keep flying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuçub turmaymamı? uçub turmaymıma?don't I keep flying? | senuçub turmaymısa?don't you keep flying? | oluçub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep flying? | bizuçub turmaybızmı? uçub turmaymıbız?don't we keep flying? | sizuçub turmaymısız?don't you all keep flying? | alauçub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep flying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuça turamaI am in the middle of flying | senuça turasayou are in the middle of flying | oluça turadıhe is in the middle of flying | bizuça turabızwe are in the middle of flying | sizuça turasızyou all are in the middle of flying | alauça turadılathey are in the middle of flying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuça turmaymaI am not in the middle of flying | senuça turmaysayou are not in the middle of flying | oluça turmaydıhe is not in the middle of flying | bizuça turmaybızwe are not in the middle of flying | sizuça turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of flying | alauça turmaydılathey are not in the middle of flying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuça turamamı? uça turamıma?am I in the middle of flying? | senuça turamısa?are you in the middle of flying? | oluça turamıdı?is he in the middle of flying? | bizuça turabızmı? uça turamıbız?are we in the middle of flying? | sizuça turamısız?are you all in the middle of flying? | alauça turamıdıla?are they in the middle of flying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuça turmaymamı? uça turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of flying? | senuça turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of flying? | oluça turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of flying? | bizuça turmaybızmı? uça turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of flying? | sizuça turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of flying? | alauça turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of flying? |
| Simple past (definite) | menuçdumI flew | senuçduŋyou flew | oluçduhe flew | bizuçduqwe flew | sizuçduğuzyou all flew | alauçdulathey flew |
| Simple past (definite) | menuçmadımI didn't fly | senuçmadıŋyou didn't fly | oluçmadıhe didn't fly | bizuçmadıqwe didn't fly | sizuçmadığızyou all didn't fly | alauçmadılathey didn't fly |
| Simple past (definite) | menuçdummu?did I fly? | senuçduŋmu?did you fly? | oluçdumu?did he fly? | bizuçduqmu?did we fly? | sizuçduğuzmu?did you all fly? | alauçdulamı?did they fly? |
| Simple past (definite) | menuçmadımmı?didn't I fly? | senuçmadıŋmı?didn't you fly? | oluçmadımı?didn't he fly? | bizuçmadıqmı?didn't we fly? | sizuçmadığızmı?didn't you all fly? | alauçmadılamı?didn't they fly? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuçhanmaI have flown | senuçhansayou have flown | oluçhandıhe has flown | bizuçhanbızwe have flown | sizuçhansızyou all have flown | alauçhandılathey have flown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuçmağanmaI haven't flown | senuçmağansayou haven't flown | oluçmağandıhe hasn't flown | bizuçmağanbızwe haven't flown | sizuçmağansızyou all haven't flown | alauçmağandılathey haven't flown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuçhanmamı? uçhanmıma?have I flown? | senuçhanmısa?have you flown? | oluçhanmıdı?has he flown? | bizuçhanbızmı? uçhanmıbız?have we flown? | sizuçhanmısız?have you all flown? | alauçhanmıdıla?have they flown? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuçmağanmamı? uçmağanmıma?haven't I flown? | senuçmağanmısa?haven't you flown? | oluçmağanmıdı?hasn't he flown? | bizuçmağanbızmı? uçmağanmıbız?haven't we flown? | sizuçmağanmısız?haven't you all flown? | alauçmağanmıdıla?haven't they flown? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menuçub turdumI kept flying | senuçub turduŋyou kept flying | oluçub turduhe kept flying | bizuçub turduqwe kept flying | sizuçub turduğuzyou all kept flying | alauçub turdulathey kept flying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menuçub turmadımI didn't keep flying | senuçub turmadıŋyou didn't keep flying | oluçub turmadıhe didn't keep flying | bizuçub turmadıqwe didn't keep flying | sizuçub turmadığızyou all didn't keep flying | alauçub turmadılathey didn't keep flying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuçarmaI will fly | senuçarsayou will fly | oluçarhe will fly | bizuçarbızwe will fly | sizuçarsızyou all will fly | alauçarlathey will fly |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuçmazmaI won't fly | senuçmazsayou won't fly | oluçmazhe won't fly | bizuçmazbızwe won't fly | sizuçmazsızyou all won't fly | alauçmazlathey won't fly |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuçarmamı? uçarmıma?will I fly? | senuçarmısa?will you fly? | oluçarmı?will he fly? | bizuçarbızmı? uçarmıbız?will we fly? | sizuçarmısız?will you all fly? | alauçarlamı? uçarmıla?will they fly? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuçmazmamı? uçmazmıma?won't I fly? | senuçmazmısa?won't you fly? | oluçmazmı?won't he fly? | bizuçmazbızmı? uçmazmıbız?won't we fly? | sizuçmazmısız?won't you all fly? | alauçmazlamı? uçmazmıla?won't they fly? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuçarıqmaI am going to fly | senuçarıqsayou are going to fly | oluçarıqdıhe is going to fly | bizuçarıqbızwe are going to fly | sizuçarıqsızyou all are going to fly | alauçarıqdılathey are going to fly |
| Definite future (future II) | menuçarıq tülmeI am not going to fly | senuçarıq tülseyou are not going to fly | oluçarıq tüldühe is not going to fly | bizuçarıq tülbüzwe are not going to fly | sizuçarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to fly | alauçarıq tüldülethey are not going to fly |
| Definite future (future II) | menuçarıqmamı? uçarıqmıma?am I going to fly? | senuçarıqmısa?are you going to fly? | oluçarıqmıdı?is he going to fly? | bizuçarıqbızmı? uçarıqmıbız?are we going to fly? | sizuçarıqmısız?are you all going to fly? | alauçarıqmıdıla?are they going to fly? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuçarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to fly? | senuçarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to fly? | oluçarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to fly? | bizuçarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to fly? | sizuçarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to fly? | alauçarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to fly? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menuçhan edimuçhanemI had flown | senuçhan ediŋuçhaneŋyou had flown | oluçhan ediuçhanedhe had flown | bizuçhan edikuçhanekwe had flown | sizuçhan edigizuçhanegizyou all had flown | alauçhan edileuçhanellethey had flown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menuçmağan edimuçmağanemI hadn't flown | senuçmağan ediŋuçmağaneŋyou hadn't flown | oluçmağan ediuçmağanedhe hadn't flown | bizuçmağan edikuçmağanekwe hadn't flown | sizuçmağan edigizuçmağanegizyou all hadn't flown | alauçmağan edileuçmağanellethey hadn't flown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuça edimuçaemI was flying | senuça ediŋuçaeŋyou were flying | oluça ediuçaedhe was flying | bizuça edikuçaekwe were flying | sizuça edigizuçaegizyou all were flying | alauça edileuçaellethey were flying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuçmay edimuçmayemI wasn't flying | senuçmay ediŋuçmayeŋyou weren't flying | oluçmay ediuçmayedhe wasn't flying | bizuçmay edikuçmayekwe weren't flying | sizuçmay edigizuçmayegizyou all weren't flying | alauçmay edileuçmayellethey weren't flying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menuçuwçan edimuçuwçanemI used to fly | senuçuwçan ediŋuçuwçaneŋyou used to fly | oluçuwçan ediuçuwçanedhe used to fly | bizuçuwçan edikuçuwçanekwe used to fly | sizuçuwçan edigizuçuwçanegizyou all used to fly | alauçuwçan edileuçuwçanellethey used to fly |
| Habitual past (used to) | menuçmawçan edimuçmawçanemI didn't use to fly | senuçmawçan ediŋuçmawçaneŋyou didn't use to fly | oluçmawçan ediuçmawçanedhe didn't use to fly | bizuçmawçan edikuçmawçanekwe didn't use to fly | sizuçmawçan edigizuçmawçanegizyou all didn't use to fly | alauçmawçan edileuçmawçanellethey didn't use to fly |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oluçub edihe had flown and remained so | alauçub edilethey had flown and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oluçub tül edihe hadn't flown | alauçub tül edilethey hadn't flown | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menuçub tura edimuçub turaemI had kept flying | senuçub tura ediŋuçub turaeŋyou had kept flying | oluçub tura ediuçub turaedhe had kept flying | bizuçub tura edikuçub turaekwe had kept flying | sizuçub tura edigizuçub turaegizyou all had kept flying | alauçub tura edileuçub turaellethey had kept flying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menuçub turmay edimuçub turmayemI hadn't kept flying | senuçub turmay ediŋuçub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept flying | oluçub turmay ediuçub turmayedhe hadn't kept flying | bizuçub turmay edikuçub turmayekwe hadn't kept flying | sizuçub turmay edigizuçub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept flying | alauçub turmay edileuçub turmayellethey hadn't kept flying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuça tura edimuça turaemI was in the middle of flying | senuça tura ediŋuça turaeŋyou were in the middle of flying | oluça tura ediuça turaedhe was in the middle of flying | bizuça tura edikuça turaekwe were in the middle of flying | sizuça tura edigizuça turaegizyou all were in the middle of flying | alauça tura edileuça turaellethey were in the middle of flying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuça turmay edimuça turmayemI wasn't in the middle of flying | senuça turmay ediŋuça turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of flying | oluça turmay ediuça turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of flying | bizuça turmay edikuça turmayekwe weren't in the middle of flying | sizuça turmay edigizuça turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of flying | alauça turmay edileuça turmayellethey weren't in the middle of flying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menuçar edimuçar emI would fly | senuçar ediŋuçar eŋyou would fly | oluçar ediuçar edhe would fly | bizuçar edikuçar ekwe would fly | sizuçar edigizuçar egizyou all would fly | alauçar edileuçar ellethey would fly |
| Conditional result (would) | menuçmaz edimuçmaz emI wouldn't fly | senuçmaz ediŋuçmaz eŋyou wouldn't fly | oluçmaz ediuçmaz edhe wouldn't fly | bizuçmaz edikuçmaz ekwe wouldn't fly | sizuçmaz edigizuçmaz egizyou all wouldn't fly | alauçmaz edileuçmaz ellethey wouldn't fly |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuçarıq edimuçarıq emI would have flown | senuçarıq ediŋuçarıq eŋyou would have flown | oluçarıq ediuçarıq edhe would have flown | bizuçarıq edikuçarıq ekwe would have flown | sizuçarıq edigizuçarıq egizyou all would have flown | alauçarıq edileuçarıq ellethey would have flown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuçarıq tül edimuçarıq tül emI wouldn't have flown | senuçarıq tül ediŋuçarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have flown | oluçarıq tül ediuçarıq tül edhe wouldn't have flown | bizuçarıq tül edikuçarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have flown | sizuçarıq tül edigizuçarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have flown | alauçarıq tül edileuçarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have flown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menuçsamif I fly | senuçsaŋif you fly | oluçsaif he flies | bizuçsaqif we fly | sizuçsağızif you all fly | alauçsalaif they fly |
| Conditional | menuçmasamif I don't fly | senuçmasaŋif you don't fly | oluçmasaif he doesn't fly | bizuçmasaqif we don't fly | sizuçmasağızif you all don't fly | alauçmasalaif they don't fly |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menuça esemif I am flying | senuça eseŋif you are flying | oluça eseif he is flying | bizuça esekif we are flying | sizuça esegizif you all are flying | alauça eseleif they are flying |
| Conditional, present real | menuçmay esemif I am not flying | senuçmay eseŋif you are not flying | oluçmay eseif he is not flying | bizuçmay esekif we are not flying | sizuçmay esegizif you all are not flying | alauçmay eseleif they are not flying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menuçsam ediuçsam edif only I flew | senuçsaŋ ediuçsaŋ edif only you flew | oluçsa ediuçsaedif only he flew | bizuçsaq ediuçsaq edif only we flew | sizuçsağız ediuçsağız edif only you all flew | alauçsala ediuçsalaedif only they flew |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menuçmasam ediuçmasam edif only I didn't fly | senuçmasaŋ ediuçmasaŋ edif only you didn't fly | oluçmasa ediuçmasaedif only he didn't fly | bizuçmasaq ediuçmasaq edif only we didn't fly | sizuçmasağız ediuçmasağız edif only you all didn't fly | alauçmasala ediuçmasalaedif only they didn't fly |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menuçub tursamif I carry on flying | senuçub tursaŋif you carry on flying | oluçub tursaif he carries on flying | bizuçub tursaqif we carry on flying | sizuçub tursağızif you all carry on flying | alauçub tursalaif they carry on flying |
| Durative conditional | menuçub turmasamif I don't carry on flying | senuçub turmasaŋif you don't carry on flying | oluçub turmasaif he doesn't carry on flying | bizuçub turmasaqif we don't carry on flying | sizuçub turmasağızif you all don't carry on flying | alauçub turmasalaif they don't carry on flying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menuçub tura esemif I have kept flying | senuçub tura eseŋif you have kept flying | oluçub tura eseif he has kept flying | bizuçub tura esekif we have kept flying | sizuçub tura esegizif you all have kept flying | alauçub tura eseleif they have kept flying |
| Durative conditional, present real | menuçub turmay esemif I haven't kept flying | senuçub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept flying | oluçub turmay eseif he hasn't kept flying | bizuçub turmay esekif we haven't kept flying | sizuçub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept flying | alauçub turmay eseleif they haven't kept flying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menuça tursamif I keep flying | senuça tursaŋif you keep flying | oluça tursaif he keeps flying | bizuça tursaqif we keep flying | sizuça tursağızif you all keep flying | alauça tursalaif they keep flying |
| Progressive conditional | menuçmay tursamif I keep on not flying | senuçmay tursaŋif you keep on not flying | oluçmay tursaif he keeps on not flying | bizuçmay tursaqif we keep on not flying | sizuçmay tursağızif you all keep on not flying | alauçmay tursalaif they keep on not flying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuça tura esemif I am in the middle of flying | senuça tura eseŋif you are in the middle of flying | oluça tura eseif he is in the middle of flying | bizuça tura esekif we are in the middle of flying | sizuça tura esegizif you all are in the middle of flying | alauça tura eseleif they are in the middle of flying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuçmay tura esemif I keep on not flying | senuçmay tura eseŋif you keep on not flying | oluçmay tura eseif he keeps on not flying | bizuçmay tura esekif we keep on not flying | sizuçmay tura esegizif you all keep on not flying | alauçmay tura eseleif they keep on not flying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menuçdum esemif I flew | senuçduŋ eseŋif you flew | oluçdu eseif he flew | bizuçduq esekif we flew | sizuçduğuz esegizif you all flew | alauçdula eseleif they flew |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menuçmadım esemif I didn't fly | senuçmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't fly | oluçmadı eseif he didn't fly | bizuçmadıq esekif we didn't fly | sizuçmadığız esegizif you all didn't fly | alauçmadıla eseleif they didn't fly |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menuçhan esemif I did fly (indeed) | senuçhan eseŋif you did fly (indeed) | oluçhan eseif he did fly (indeed) | bizuçhan esekif we did fly (indeed) | sizuçhan esegizif you all did fly (indeed) | alauçhan eseleif they did fly (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menuçmağan esemif I didn't fly (indeed) | senuçmağan eseŋif you didn't fly (indeed) | oluçmağan eseif he didn't fly (indeed) | bizuçmağan esekif we didn't fly (indeed) | sizuçmağan esegizif you all didn't fly (indeed) | alauçmağan eseleif they didn't fly (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menuçhan bolsamif I had flown | senuçhan bolsaŋif you had flown | oluçhan bolsaif he had flown | bizuçhan bolsaqif we had flown | sizuçhan bolsağızif you all had flown | alauçhan bolsalaif they had flown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menuçmağan bolsamif I hadn't flown | senuçmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't flown | oluçmağan bolsaif he hadn't flown | bizuçmağan bolsaqif we hadn't flown | sizuçmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't flown | alauçmağan bolsalaif they hadn't flown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menuçhan bolsam ediuçhan bolsam edif only I had flown | senuçhan bolsaŋ ediuçhan bolsaŋ edif only you had flown | oluçhan bolsa ediuçhan bolsaedif only he had flown | bizuçhan bolsaq ediuçhan bolsaq edif only we had flown | sizuçhan bolsağız ediuçhan bolsağız edif only you all had flown | alauçhan bolsala ediuçhan bolsalaedif only they had flown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menuçmağan bolsam ediuçmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't flown | senuçmağan bolsaŋ ediuçmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't flown | oluçmağan bolsa ediuçmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't flown | bizuçmağan bolsaq ediuçmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't flown | sizuçmağan bolsağız ediuçmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't flown | alauçmağan bolsala ediuçmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't flown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menuçar esemif I will fly | senuçar eseŋif you will fly | oluçar eseif he will fly | bizuçar esekif we will fly | sizuçar esegizif you all will fly | alauçar eseleif they will fly |
| Conditional, aorist | menuçmaz esemif I won't fly | senuçmaz eseŋif you won't fly | oluçmaz eseif he won't fly | bizuçmaz esekif we won't fly | sizuçmaz esegizif you all won't fly | alauçmaz eseleif they won't fly |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menuçarıq esemif I am going to fly | senuçarıq eseŋif you are going to fly | oluçarıq eseif he is going to fly | bizuçarıq esekif we are going to fly | sizuçarıq esegizif you all are going to fly | alauçarıq eseleif they are going to fly |
| Conditional, future | menuçarıq tül esemif I am not going to fly | senuçarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to fly | oluçarıq tül eseif he is not going to fly | bizuçarıq tül esekif we are not going to fly | sizuçarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to fly | alauçarıq tül eseleif they are not going to fly |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menuçarıq bolsamif I were going to fly | senuçarıq bolsaŋif you were going to fly | oluçarıq bolsaif he were going to fly | bizuçarıq bolsaqif we were going to fly | sizuçarıq bolsağızif you all were going to fly | alauçarıq bolsalaif they were going to fly |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menuçmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to fly | senuçmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to fly | oluçmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to fly | bizuçmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to fly | sizuçmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to fly | alauçmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to fly |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso uçduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuça bolurmaI must be flying | senuça bolursayou must be flying | oluça bolurhe must be flying | bizuça bolurbuzwe must be flying | sizuça bolursuzyou all must be flying | alauça bolurlathey must be flying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuçmay bolurmaI must not be flying | senuçmay bolursayou must not be flying | oluçmay bolurhe must not be flying | bizuçmay bolurbuzwe must not be flying | sizuçmay bolursuzyou all must not be flying | alauçmay bolurlathey must not be flying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuça tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of flying | senuça tura bolursayou must be in the middle of flying | oluça tura bolurhe must be in the middle of flying | bizuça tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of flying | sizuça tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of flying | alauça tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of flying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuçmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not flying | senuçmay tura bolursayou must keep on not flying | oluçmay tura bolurhe must keep on not flying | bizuçmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not flying | sizuçmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not flying | alauçmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not flying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menuçhan bolurmaI must have flown | senuçhan bolursayou must have flown | oluçhan bolurhe must have flown | bizuçhan bolurbuzwe must have flown | sizuçhan bolursuzyou all must have flown | alauçhan bolurlathey must have flown |
| Inference (must have) | menuçmağan bolurmaI must not have flown | senuçmağan bolursayou must not have flown | oluçmağan bolurhe must not have flown | bizuçmağan bolurbuzwe must not have flown | sizuçmağan bolursuzyou all must not have flown | alauçmağan bolurlathey must not have flown |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menuçarıq bolurmaI must be going to fly | senuçarıq bolursayou must be going to fly | oluçarıq bolurhe must be going to fly | bizuçarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to fly | sizuçarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to fly | alauçarıq bolurlathey must be going to fly |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menuçmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to fly | senuçmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to fly | oluçmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to fly | bizuçmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to fly | sizuçmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to fly | alauçmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to fly |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menuçayımlet me fly | senuç!fly! | oluçsunlet him fly | bizuçayıqlet's fly | sizuçuğuz!fly, you all! | alauçsunlalet them fly |
| Commands & suggestions | menuçmayımlet me not fly | senuçma!don't fly! | oluçmasınlet him not fly | bizuçmayıqlet's not fly | sizuçmağız!don't fly, you all! | alauçmasınlalet them not fly |
| Commands & suggestions | menuçayımmı?shall I fly? | oluçsunmu?should he fly? | bizuçayıqmı?shall we fly? | alauçsunlamı?should they fly? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menuçmayımmı?shall I not fly? | oluçmasınmı?should he not fly? | bizuçmayıqmı?shall we not fly? | alauçmasınlamı?should they not fly? | ||
| Requests | senuççu2uççunplease fly | oluçsunçudo let him fly | sizuççuğuzplease fly (plural/polite) | alauçsunlaçıdo let them fly | ||
| Requests | senuçmaçı2uçmaçınplease don't fly | oluçmasınçıdo let him not fly | sizuçmaçığızplease don't fly (plural/polite) | alauçmasınlaçıdo let them not fly | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senuçhunuçhumay you fly | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senuçmağınuçmağımay you not fly | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menuçhay edim uçha edimwould that I flew | senuçhay ediŋ uçha ediŋwould that you flew | oluçhay edi uçha ediwould that he flew | bizuçhay edik uçha edikwould that we flew | sizuçhay edigiz uçha edigizwould that you all flew | alauçhay edile uçha edilewould that they flew |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menuçmağay edim uçmağa edimwould that I did not fly | senuçmağay ediŋ uçmağa ediŋwould that you did not fly | oluçmağay edi uçmağa ediwould that he did not fly | bizuçmağay edik uçmağa edikwould that we did not fly | sizuçmağay edigiz uçmağa edigizwould that you all did not fly | alauçmağay edile uçmağa edilewould that they did not fly |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menuçmağa qoyayımuçma qoyayımlet me allow someone to fly | senuçmağa qoy!uçma qoy!let someone fly! | oluçmağa qoysunuçma qoysunlet him allow someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoyayıquçma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoyuğuz!uçma qoyuğuz!let someone fly, you all! | alauçmağa qoysunlauçma qoysunlalet them allow someone to fly |
| Let someone… (commands) | menuçmağa qoymayımuçma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to fly | senuçmağa qoyma!uçma qoyma!don't let someone fly! | oluçmağa qoymasınuçma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoymayıquçma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoymağız!uçma qoymağız!don't let someone fly, you all! | alauçmağa qoymasınlauçma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to fly |
| Let someone… (commands) | menuçmağa qoyayımmı?uçma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoysunmu?uçma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoyayıqmı?uçma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoysunlamı?uçma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to fly? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menuçmağa qoymayımmı?uçma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoymasınmı?uçma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoymayıqmı?uçma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoymasınlamı?uçma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to fly? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menuçmağa qoyamauçma qoyamaI allow someone to fly | senuçmağa qoyasauçma qoyasayou allow someone to fly | oluçmağa qoyadıuçma qoyadıhe allows someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoyabızuçma qoyabızwe allow someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoyasızuçma qoyasızyou all allow someone to fly | alauçmağa qoyadılauçma qoyadılathey allow someone to fly |
| Let someone… (present) | menuçmağa qoymaymauçma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to fly | senuçmağa qoymaysauçma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to fly | oluçmağa qoymaydıuçma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoymaybızuçma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoymaysızuçma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to fly | alauçmağa qoymaydılauçma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to fly |
| Let someone… (present) | menuçmağa qoyamamı?uçma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to fly? | senuçmağa qoyamısa?uçma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoyamıdı?uçma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoyabızmı?uçma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to fly? | sizuçmağa qoyamısız?uçma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoyamıdıla?uçma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to fly? |
| Let someone… (present) | menuçmağa qoymaymamı?uçma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to fly? | senuçmağa qoymaymısa?uçma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoymaymıdı?uçma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoymaybızmı?uçma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to fly? | sizuçmağa qoymaymısız?uçma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoymaymıdıla?uçma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to fly? |
| Let someone… (past) | menuçmağa qoydumuçma qoydumI allowed someone to fly | senuçmağa qoyduŋuçma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to fly | oluçmağa qoyduuçma qoyduhe allowed someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoyduquçma qoyduqwe allowed someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoyduğuzuçma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to fly | alauçmağa qoydulauçma qoydulathey allowed someone to fly |
| Let someone… (past) | menuçmağa qoymadımuçma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to fly | senuçmağa qoymadıŋuçma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to fly | oluçmağa qoymadıuçma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to fly | bizuçmağa qoymadıquçma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to fly | sizuçmağa qoymadığızuçma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to fly | alauçmağa qoymadılauçma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to fly |
| Let someone… (past) | menuçmağa qoydummu?uçma qoydummu?did I allow someone to fly? | senuçmağa qoyduŋmu?uçma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoydumu?uçma qoydumu?did he allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoyduqmu?uçma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to fly? | sizuçmağa qoyduğuzmu?uçma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoydulamı?uçma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to fly? |
| Let someone… (past) | menuçmağa qoymadımmı?uçma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to fly? | senuçmağa qoymadıŋmı?uçma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to fly? | oluçmağa qoymadımı?uçma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to fly? | bizuçmağa qoymadıqmı?uçma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to fly? | sizuçmağa qoymadığızmı?uçma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to fly? | alauçmağa qoymadılamı?uçma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to fly? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
uçalırğa be able to fly · uçalmazğa be unable to fly
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menuçalamaI can fly | senuçalasayou can fly | oluçaladıhe can fly | bizuçalabızwe can fly | sizuçalasızyou all can fly | alauçaladılathey can fly |
| Ability — present | menuçalmaymaI can't fly | senuçalmaysayou can't fly | oluçalmaydıhe can't fly | bizuçalmaybızwe can't fly | sizuçalmaysızyou all can't fly | alauçalmaydılathey can't fly |
| Ability — present | menuçalamamı? uçalamıma?can I fly? | senuçalamısa?can you fly? | oluçalamıdı?can he fly? | bizuçalabızmı? uçalamıbız?can we fly? | sizuçalamısız?can you all fly? | alauçalamıdıla?can they fly? |
| Ability — present | menuçalmaymamı? uçalmaymıma?can't I fly? | senuçalmaymısa?can't you fly? | oluçalmaymıdı?can't he fly? | bizuçalmaybızmı? uçalmaymıbız?can't we fly? | sizuçalmaymısız?can't you all fly? | alauçalmaymıdıla?can't they fly? |
| Ability — if I can… | menuçalsamif I can fly | senuçalsaŋif you can fly | oluçalsaif he can fly | bizuçalsaqif we can fly | sizuçalsağızif you all can fly | alauçalsalaif they can fly |
| Ability — if I can… | menuçalmasamif I can't fly | senuçalmasaŋif you can't fly | oluçalmasaif he can't fly | bizuçalmasaqif we can't fly | sizuçalmasağızif you all can't fly | alauçalmasalaif they can't fly |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menuçaldımI was able to fly | senuçaldıŋyou were able to fly | oluçaldıhe was able to fly | bizuçaldıqwe were able to fly | sizuçaldığızyou all were able to fly | alauçaldılathey were able to fly |
| Ability — simple past | menuçalmadımI could not fly | senuçalmadıŋyou could not fly | oluçalmadıhe could not fly | bizuçalmadıqwe could not fly | sizuçalmadığızyou all could not fly | alauçalmadılathey could not fly |
| Ability — simple past | menuçaldımmı?was I able to fly? | senuçaldıŋmı?were you able to fly? | oluçaldımı?was he able to fly? | bizuçaldıqmı?were we able to fly? | sizuçaldığızmı?were you all able to fly? | alauçaldılamı?were they able to fly? |
| Ability — simple past | menuçalmadımmı?couldn't I fly? | senuçalmadıŋmı?couldn't you fly? | oluçalmadımı?couldn't he fly? | bizuçalmadıqmı?couldn't we fly? | sizuçalmadığızmı?couldn't you all fly? | alauçalmadılamı?couldn't they fly? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuçalğanmaI have been able to fly | senuçalğansayou have been able to fly | oluçalğandıhe has been able to fly | bizuçalğanbızwe have been able to fly | sizuçalğansızyou all have been able to fly | alauçalğandılathey have been able to fly |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuçalmağanmaI haven't been able to fly | senuçalmağansayou haven't been able to fly | oluçalmağandıhe hasn't been able to fly | bizuçalmağanbızwe haven't been able to fly | sizuçalmağansızyou all haven't been able to fly | alauçalmağandılathey haven't been able to fly |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuçalğanmamı? uçalğanmıma?have I been able to fly? | senuçalğanmısa?have you been able to fly? | oluçalğanmıdı?has he been able to fly? | bizuçalğanbızmı? uçalğanmıbız?have we been able to fly? | sizuçalğanmısız?have you all been able to fly? | alauçalğanmıdıla?have they been able to fly? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuçalmağanmamı? uçalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to fly? | senuçalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to fly? | oluçalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to fly? | bizuçalmağanbızmı? uçalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to fly? | sizuçalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to fly? | alauçalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to fly? |
| Ability — past perfect | menuçalğan edimuçalğanemI had been able to fly | senuçalğan ediŋuçalğaneŋyou had been able to fly | oluçalğan ediuçalğanedhe had been able to fly | bizuçalğan edikuçalğanekwe had been able to fly | sizuçalğan edigizuçalğanegizyou all had been able to fly | alauçalğan edileuçalğanellethey had been able to fly |
| Ability — past perfect | menuçalmağan edimuçalmağanemI hadn't been able to fly | senuçalmağan ediŋuçalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to fly | oluçalmağan ediuçalmağanedhe hadn't been able to fly | bizuçalmağan edikuçalmağanekwe hadn't been able to fly | sizuçalmağan edigizuçalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to fly | alauçalmağan edileuçalmağanellethey hadn't been able to fly |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menuçala edimuçalaemI could fly | senuçala ediŋuçalaeŋyou could fly | oluçala ediuçalaedhe could fly | bizuçala edikuçalaekwe could fly | sizuçala edigizuçalaegizyou all could fly | alauçala edileuçalaellethey could fly |
| Ability — past background | menuçalmay edimuçalmayemI could not fly | senuçalmay ediŋuçalmayeŋyou could not fly | oluçalmay ediuçalmayedhe could not fly | bizuçalmay edikuçalmayekwe could not fly | sizuçalmay edigizuçalmayegizyou all could not fly | alauçalmay edileuçalmayellethey could not fly |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menuçalırmaI will be able to fly | senuçalırsayou will be able to fly | oluçalırhe will be able to fly | bizuçalırbızwe will be able to fly | sizuçalırsızyou all will be able to fly | alauçalırlathey will be able to fly |
| Ability — future I | menuçalmazmaI won't be able to fly | senuçalmazsayou won't be able to fly | oluçalmazhe won't be able to fly | bizuçalmazbızwe won't be able to fly | sizuçalmazsızyou all won't be able to fly | alauçalmazlathey won't be able to fly |
| Ability — future I | menuçalırmamı? uçalırmıma?will I be able to fly? | senuçalırmısa?will you be able to fly? | oluçalırmı?will he be able to fly? | bizuçalırbızmı? uçalırmıbız?will we be able to fly? | sizuçalırmısız?will you all be able to fly? | alauçalırlamı? uçalırmıla?will they be able to fly? |
| Ability — future I | menuçalmazmamı? uçalmazmıma?won't I be able to fly? | senuçalmazmısa?won't you be able to fly? | oluçalmazmı?won't he be able to fly? | bizuçalmazbızmı? uçalmazmıbız?won't we be able to fly? | sizuçalmazmısız?won't you all be able to fly? | alauçalmazlamı? uçalmazmıla?won't they be able to fly? |
| Ability — future II | menuçallıqmaI am going to be able to fly | senuçallıqsayou are going to be able to fly | oluçallıqdıhe is going to be able to fly | bizuçallıqbızwe are going to be able to fly | sizuçallıqsızyou all are going to be able to fly | alauçallıqdılathey are going to be able to fly |
| Ability — future II | menuçallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to fly | senuçallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to fly | oluçallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to fly | bizuçallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to fly | sizuçallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to fly | alauçallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to fly |
| Ability — future II | menuçallıqmamı? uçallıqmıma?am I going to be able to fly? | senuçallıqmısa?are you going to be able to fly? | oluçallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to fly? | bizuçallıqbızmı? uçallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to fly? | sizuçallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to fly? | alauçallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to fly? |
| Ability — future II | menuçallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to fly? | senuçallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to fly? | oluçallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to fly? | bizuçallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to fly? | sizuçallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to fly? | alauçallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to fly? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuçalır edimuçalır emI would be able to fly | senuçalır ediŋuçalır eŋyou would be able to fly | oluçalır ediuçalır edhe would be able to fly | bizuçalır edikuçalır ekwe would be able to fly | sizuçalır edigizuçalır egizyou all would be able to fly | alauçalır edileuçalır ellethey would be able to fly |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuçalmaz edimuçalmaz emI wouldn't be able to fly | senuçalmaz ediŋuçalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to fly | oluçalmaz ediuçalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to fly | bizuçalmaz edikuçalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to fly | sizuçalmaz edigizuçalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to fly | alauçalmaz edileuçalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to fly |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuçalğınuçalğımay you be able to fly | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuçalmağınuçalmağımay you not be able to fly | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menuçarğa izleymeI want to fly | senuçarğa izleyseyou want to fly | oluçarğa izleydihe wants to fly | bizuçarğa izleybizwe want to fly | sizuçarğa izleysizyou all want to fly | alauçarğa izleydilethey want to fly |
| want to | menuçarğa izlemeymeI do not want to fly | senuçarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to fly | oluçarğa izlemeydihe does not want to fly | bizuçarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to fly | sizuçarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to fly | alauçarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to fly |
| would like to | menuçarğa süemeI would like to fly | senuçarğa süeseyou would like to fly | oluçarğa süedihe would like to fly | bizuçarğa süebizwe would like to fly | sizuçarğa süesizyou all would like to fly | alauçarğa süedilethey would like to fly |
| would like to | menuçarğa süymeymeI would not like to fly | senuçarğa süymeyseyou would not like to fly | oluçarğa süymeydihe would not like to fly | bizuçarğa süymeybizwe would not like to fly | sizuçarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to fly | alauçarğa süymeydilethey would not like to fly |
| hope to | menuçarğa umutlanamaI hope to fly | senuçarğa umutlanasayou hope to fly | oluçarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to fly | bizuçarğa umutlanabızwe hope to fly | sizuçarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to fly | alauçarğa umutlanadılathey hope to fly |
| hope to | menuçarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to fly | senuçarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to fly | oluçarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to fly | bizuçarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to fly | sizuçarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to fly | alauçarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to fly |
| be about to | menuçarğa deb turamaI am about to fly | senuçarğa deb turasayou are about to fly | oluçarğa deb turadıhe is about to fly | bizuçarğa deb turabızwe are about to fly | sizuçarğa deb turasızyou all are about to fly | alauçarğa deb turadılathey are about to fly |
| be about to | menuçarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to fly | senuçarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to fly | oluçarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to fly | bizuçarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to fly | sizuçarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to fly | alauçarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to fly |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menuçarğa kerekmeI need to fly | senuçarğa kerekseyou need to fly | oluçarğa kerekdihe needs to fly | bizuçarğa kerekbizwe need to fly | sizuçarğa kereksizyou all need to fly | alauçarğa kerekdilethey need to fly |
| need to | menuçarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to fly | senuçarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to fly | oluçarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to fly | bizuçarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to fly | sizuçarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to fly | alauçarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to fly |
| have to | menmenŋe uçarğa tüşediI have to fly | sensenŋe uçarğa tüşediyou have to fly | olaŋa uçarğa tüşedihe has to fly | bizbizge uçarğa tüşediwe have to fly | sizsizge uçarğa tüşediyou all have to fly | alaalağa uçarğa tüşedithey have to fly |
| have to | menmenŋe uçarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to fly | sensenŋe uçarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to fly | olaŋa uçarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to fly | bizbizge uçarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to fly | sizsizge uçarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to fly | alaalağa uçarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to fly |
| be obliged to | menuçarğa borçlumaI am obliged to fly | senuçarğa borçlusayou are obliged to fly | oluçarğa borçluduhe is obliged to fly | bizuçarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to fly | sizuçarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to fly | alauçarğa borçludulathey are obliged to fly |
| be obliged to | menuçarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to fly | senuçarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to fly | oluçarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to fly | bizuçarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to fly | sizuçarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to fly | alauçarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to fly |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menuçarğa madarım bardıI have a way to fly | senuçarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to fly | oluçarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to fly | bizuçarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to fly | sizuçarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to fly | alauçarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to fly |
| have a way to | menuçarğa madarım joqduI have no way to fly | senuçarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to fly | oluçarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to fly | bizuçarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to fly | sizuçarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to fly | alauçarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to fly |
| be free to | menuçarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to fly | senuçarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to fly | oluçarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to fly | bizuçarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to fly | sizuçarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to fly | alauçarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to fly |
| be free to | menuçarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to fly | senuçarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to fly | oluçarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to fly | bizuçarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to fly | sizuçarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to fly | alauçarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to fly |
| be possible to | menmenŋe uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to fly | sensenŋe uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to fly | olaŋa uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to fly | bizbizge uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to fly | sizsizge uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to fly | alaalağa uçarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to fly |
| be possible to | menmenŋe uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to fly | sensenŋe uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to fly | olaŋa uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to fly | bizbizge uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to fly | sizsizge uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to fly | alaalağa uçarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to fly |
| be ready to | menuçarğa hazırmaI am ready to fly | senuçarğa hazırsayou are ready to fly | oluçarğa hazırdıhe is ready to fly | bizuçarğa hazırbızwe are ready to fly | sizuçarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to fly | alauçarğa hazırdılathey are ready to fly |
| be ready to | menuçarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to fly | senuçarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to fly | oluçarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to fly | bizuçarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to fly | sizuçarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to fly | alauçarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to fly |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menuçarğa küreşemeI am trying to fly | senuçarğa küreşeseyou are trying to fly | oluçarğa küreşedihe is trying to fly | bizuçarğa küreşebizwe are trying to fly | sizuçarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to fly | alauçarğa küreşedilethey are trying to fly |
| try to | menuçarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to fly | senuçarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to fly | oluçarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to fly | bizuçarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to fly | sizuçarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to fly | alauçarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to fly |
| agree to | menuçarğa unaymaI agree to fly | senuçarğa unaysayou agree to fly | oluçarğa unaydıhe agrees to fly | bizuçarğa unaybızwe agree to fly | sizuçarğa unaysızyou all agree to fly | alauçarğa unaydılathey agree to fly |
| agree to | menuçarğa unamaymaI refuse to fly | senuçarğa unamaysayou refuse to fly | oluçarğa unamaydıhe refuses to fly | bizuçarğa unamaybızwe refuse to fly | sizuçarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to fly | alauçarğa unamaydılathey refuse to fly |
| hurry to | menuçarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to fly | senuçarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to fly | oluçarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to fly | bizuçarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to fly | sizuçarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to fly | alauçarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to fly |
| hurry to | menuçarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to fly | senuçarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to fly | oluçarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to fly | bizuçarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to fly | sizuçarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to fly | alauçarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to fly |
| be afraid to | menuçarğa qorqamaI am afraid to fly | senuçarğa qorqasayou are afraid to fly | oluçarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to fly | bizuçarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to fly | sizuçarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to fly | alauçarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to fly |
| be afraid to | menuçarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to fly | senuçarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to fly | oluçarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to fly | bizuçarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to fly | sizuçarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to fly | alauçarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to fly |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menuça bolmazmaI can't be flying | senuça bolmazsayou can't be flying | oluça bolmazhe can't be flying | bizuça bolmazbızwe can't be flying | sizuça bolmazsızyou all can't be flying | alauça bolmazlathey can't be flying |
| Inference, present — double negation | menuçmay bolmazmaI must be flying (emphatic) | senuçmay bolmazsayou must be flying (emphatic) | oluçmay bolmazhe must be flying (emphatic) | bizuçmay bolmazbızwe must be flying (emphatic) | sizuçmay bolmazsızyou all must be flying (emphatic) | alauçmay bolmazlathey must be flying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menuça turmasamif I don't keep flying | senuça turmasaŋif you don't keep flying | oluça turmasaif he doesn't keep flying | bizuça turmasaqif we don't keep flying | sizuça turmasağızif you all don't keep flying | alauça turmasalaif they don't keep flying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menuça tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of flying | senuça tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of flying | oluça tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of flying | bizuça tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of flying | sizuça tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of flying | alauça tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of flying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menuçmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not flying (emphatic) | senuçmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not flying (emphatic) | oluçmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not flying (emphatic) | bizuçmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not flying (emphatic) | sizuçmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not flying (emphatic) | alauçmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not flying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menuçmay turamaI keep on not flying | senuçmay turasayou keep on not flying | oluçmay turadıhe keeps on not flying | bizuçmay turabızwe keep on not flying | sizuçmay turasızyou all keep on not flying | alauçmay turadılathey keep on not flying |
| Progressive — double negation | menuçmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not flying | senuçmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not flying | oluçmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not flying | bizuçmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not flying | sizuçmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not flying | alauçmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not flying |
| Progressive — double negation | menuçmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not flying? | senuçmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not flying? | oluçmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not flying? | bizuçmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not flying? | sizuçmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not flying? | alauçmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not flying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menuçhan bolmazmaI can't have flown | senuçhan bolmazsayou can't have flown | oluçhan bolmazhe can't have flown | bizuçhan bolmazbızwe can't have flown | sizuçhan bolmazsızyou all can't have flown | alauçhan bolmazlathey can't have flown |
| Inference — double negation | menuçmağan bolmazmaI must have flown (emphatic) | senuçmağan bolmazsayou must have flown (emphatic) | oluçmağan bolmazhe must have flown (emphatic) | bizuçmağan bolmazbızwe must have flown (emphatic) | sizuçmağan bolmazsızyou all must have flown (emphatic) | alauçmağan bolmazlathey must have flown (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menuçhan bolmasamif it weren't that I had flown | senuçhan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had flown | oluçhan bolmasaif it weren't that he had flown | bizuçhan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had flown | sizuçhan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had flown | alauçhan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had flown |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menuçmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't flown | senuçmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't flown | oluçmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't flown | bizuçmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't flown | sizuçmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't flown | alauçmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't flown |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menuçarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to fly | senuçarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to fly | oluçarıq bolmazhe can't be going to fly | bizuçarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to fly | sizuçarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to fly | alauçarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to fly |
| Inference, future — double negation | menuçmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to fly (emphatic) | senuçmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to fly (emphatic) | oluçmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to fly (emphatic) | bizuçmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to fly (emphatic) | sizuçmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to fly (emphatic) | alauçmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to fly (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menuçarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to fly | senuçarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to fly | oluçarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to fly | bizuçarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to fly | sizuçarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to fly | alauçarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to fly |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menuçmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to fly | senuçmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to fly | oluçmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to fly | bizuçmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to fly | sizuçmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to fly | alauçmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to fly |