tuwardaq
/tuwardaq/
ill-bred, ill-mannered, uncouth, brutish — Also used with a verb, as in tuwardaq ösgen "grown up ill-mannered". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 mark the word archaic. Nevruz 1991 gives the same meaning without that label.
- tuwardaq ösgen — grown up ill-mannered
- ol tuwardaq ösgendi — he grew up ill-mannered
- tuwardaq jaş — an uncouth young man
Expressions
- tuwarda ösgen tuwardaq — ill-mannered boor
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | tuwardaqmaI am ill-bred | tuwardaqsayou are ill-bred | tuwardaqdıhe is ill-bred | tuwardaqbızwe are ill-bred | tuwardaqsızyou all are ill-bred | tuwardaqdılathey are ill-bred |
| comparative — more | tuwardağıraqmaI am more ill-bred | tuwardağıraqsayou are more ill-bred | tuwardağıraqdıhe is more ill-bred | tuwardağıraqbızwe are more ill-bred | tuwardağıraqsızyou all are more ill-bred | tuwardağıraqdılathey are more ill-bred |
| intensifier — very | bek tuwardaqmaI am very ill-bred | bek tuwardaqsayou are very ill-bred | bek tuwardaqdıhe is very ill-bred | bek tuwardaqbızwe are very ill-bred | bek tuwardaqsızyou all are very ill-bred | bek tuwardaqdılathey are very ill-bred |
| superlative — most | em tuwardaqmaI am the most ill-bred | em tuwardaqsayou are the most ill-bred | em tuwardaqdıhe is the most ill-bred | em tuwardaqbızwe are the most ill-bred | em tuwardaqsızyou all are the most ill-bred | em tuwardaqdılathey are the most ill-bred |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden tuwardaqdı — "compared to me, he is ill-bred."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki tuwardaqdımine is ill-bred | seniki tuwardaqdıyours is ill-bred | anıqı tuwardaqdıhis is ill-bred | bizniki tuwardaqdıours is ill-bred | sizniki tuwardaqdıyours (pl.) is ill-bred | alanıqı tuwardaqdıtheirs is ill-bred |
| comparative — more | meniki tuwardağıraqdımine is more ill-bred | seniki tuwardağıraqdıyours is more ill-bred | anıqı tuwardağıraqdıhis is more ill-bred | bizniki tuwardağıraqdıours is more ill-bred | sizniki tuwardağıraqdıyours (pl.) is more ill-bred | alanıqı tuwardağıraqdıtheirs is more ill-bred |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek tuwardaqdımine is very ill-bred | seniki bek tuwardaqdıyours is very ill-bred | anıqı bek tuwardaqdıhis is very ill-bred | bizniki bek tuwardaqdıours is very ill-bred | sizniki bek tuwardaqdıyours (pl.) is very ill-bred | alanıqı bek tuwardaqdıtheirs is very ill-bred |
| superlative — most | meniki em tuwardaqdımine is the most ill-bred | seniki em tuwardaqdıyours is the most ill-bred | anıqı em tuwardaqdıhis is the most ill-bred | bizniki em tuwardaqdıours is the most ill-bred | sizniki em tuwardaqdıyours (pl.) is the most ill-bred | alanıqı em tuwardaqdıtheirs is the most ill-bred |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile tuwardaqdılamine are ill-bred | senikile tuwardaqdılayours are ill-bred | anıqıla tuwardaqdılahis are ill-bred | biznikile tuwardaqdılaours are ill-bred | siznikile tuwardaqdılayours (pl.) are ill-bred | alanıqıla tuwardaqdılatheirs are ill-bred |
| comparative — more | menikile tuwardağıraqdılamine are more ill-bred | senikile tuwardağıraqdılayours are more ill-bred | anıqıla tuwardağıraqdılahis are more ill-bred | biznikile tuwardağıraqdılaours are more ill-bred | siznikile tuwardağıraqdılayours (pl.) are more ill-bred | alanıqıla tuwardağıraqdılatheirs are more ill-bred |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek tuwardaqdılamine are very ill-bred | senikile bek tuwardaqdılayours are very ill-bred | anıqıla bek tuwardaqdılahis are very ill-bred | biznikile bek tuwardaqdılaours are very ill-bred | siznikile bek tuwardaqdılayours (pl.) are very ill-bred | alanıqıla bek tuwardaqdılatheirs are very ill-bred |
| superlative — most | menikile em tuwardaqdılamine are the most ill-bred | senikile em tuwardaqdılayours are the most ill-bred | anıqıla em tuwardaqdılahis are the most ill-bred | biznikile em tuwardaqdılaours are the most ill-bred | siznikile em tuwardaqdılayours (pl.) are the most ill-bred | alanıqıla em tuwardaqdılatheirs are the most ill-bred |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu tuwardaqdı, bıla tuwardaqdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".