tahsalarğa
/taxsalarʁa/
1. reconnoiter, scout, spy on one source
2. find out someone's secrets, spy on someone one source
Conjugation
Common forms
- tahsalaydıhe is spying
- tahsaladıhe spied
- tahsalağandıhe has spied
- tahsalarhe will spy
- tahsalarıqdıhe is going to spy
- tahsalay edihe was spying
- tahsalasaif he spies
- tahsala!spy!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentahsalaymaI am spying | sentahsalaysayou are spying | oltahsalaydıhe is spying | biztahsalaybızwe are spying | siztahsalaysızyou all are spying | alatahsalaydılathey are spying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentahsalamaymaI am not spying | sentahsalamaysayou are not spying | oltahsalamaydıhe is not spying | biztahsalamaybızwe are not spying | siztahsalamaysızyou all are not spying | alatahsalamaydılathey are not spying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentahsalaymamı? tahsalaymıma?am I spying? | sentahsalaymısa?are you spying? | oltahsalaymıdı?is he spying? | biztahsalaybızmı? tahsalaymıbız?are we spying? | siztahsalaymısız?are you all spying? | alatahsalaymıdıla?are they spying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentahsalamaymamı? tahsalamaymıma?aren't I spying? | sentahsalamaymısa?aren't you spying? | oltahsalamaymıdı?isn't he spying? | biztahsalamaybızmı? tahsalamaymıbız?aren't we spying? | siztahsalamaymısız?aren't you all spying? | alatahsalamaymıdıla?aren't they spying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentahsalawçanmaI usually spy | sentahsalawçansayou usually spy | oltahsalawçandıhe usually spies | biztahsalawçanbızwe usually spy | siztahsalawçansızyou all usually spy | alatahsalawçandılathey usually spy |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentahsalamawçanmaI usually don't spy | sentahsalamawçansayou usually don't spy | oltahsalamawçandıhe usually doesn't spy | biztahsalamawçanbızwe usually don't spy | siztahsalamawçansızyou all usually don't spy | alatahsalamawçandılathey usually don't spy |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentahsalawçanmamı? tahsalawçanmıma?do I usually spy? | sentahsalawçanmısa?do you usually spy? | oltahsalawçanmıdı?does he usually spy? | biztahsalawçanbızmı? tahsalawçanmıbız?do we usually spy? | siztahsalawçanmısız?do you all usually spy? | alatahsalawçanmıdıla?do they usually spy? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentahsalamawçanmamı? tahsalamawçanmıma?do I usually not spy? | sentahsalamawçanmısa?do you usually not spy? | oltahsalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not spy? | biztahsalamawçanbızmı? tahsalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not spy? | siztahsalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not spy? | alatahsalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spy? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltahsalabdıhe has spied and remains so | alatahsalabdılathey have spied and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltahsalabmıdı?has he spied? | alatahsalabmıdıla?have they spied? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentahsalab turamaI keep spying | sentahsalab turasayou keep spying | oltahsalab turadıhe keeps spying | biztahsalab turabızwe keep spying | siztahsalab turasızyou all keep spying | alatahsalab turadılathey keep spying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentahsalab turmaymaI don't keep spying | sentahsalab turmaysayou don't keep spying | oltahsalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep spying | biztahsalab turmaybızwe don't keep spying | siztahsalab turmaysızyou all don't keep spying | alatahsalab turmaydılathey don't keep spying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentahsalab turamamı? tahsalab turamıma?do I keep spying? | sentahsalab turamısa?do you keep spying? | oltahsalab turamıdı?does he keep spying? | biztahsalab turabızmı? tahsalab turamıbız?do we keep spying? | siztahsalab turamısız?do you all keep spying? | alatahsalab turamıdıla?do they keep spying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentahsalab turmaymamı? tahsalab turmaymıma?don't I keep spying? | sentahsalab turmaymısa?don't you keep spying? | oltahsalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spying? | biztahsalab turmaybızmı? tahsalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep spying? | siztahsalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep spying? | alatahsalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentahsalay turamaI am in the middle of spying | sentahsalay turasayou are in the middle of spying | oltahsalay turadıhe is in the middle of spying | biztahsalay turabızwe are in the middle of spying | siztahsalay turasızyou all are in the middle of spying | alatahsalay turadılathey are in the middle of spying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentahsalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of spying | sentahsalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of spying | oltahsalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spying | biztahsalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spying | siztahsalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spying | alatahsalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentahsalay turamamı? tahsalay turamıma?am I in the middle of spying? | sentahsalay turamısa?are you in the middle of spying? | oltahsalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of spying? | biztahsalay turabızmı? tahsalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of spying? | siztahsalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of spying? | alatahsalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentahsalay turmaymamı? tahsalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spying? | sentahsalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spying? | oltahsalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spying? | biztahsalay turmaybızmı? tahsalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spying? | siztahsalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spying? | alatahsalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spying? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentahsaladımI spied | sentahsaladıŋyou spied | oltahsaladıhe spied | biztahsaladıqwe spied | siztahsaladığızyou all spied | alatahsaladılathey spied |
| Simple past (definite) | mentahsalamadımI didn't spy | sentahsalamadıŋyou didn't spy | oltahsalamadıhe didn't spy | biztahsalamadıqwe didn't spy | siztahsalamadığızyou all didn't spy | alatahsalamadılathey didn't spy |
| Simple past (definite) | mentahsaladımmı?did I spy? | sentahsaladıŋmı?did you spy? | oltahsaladımı?did he spy? | biztahsaladıqmı?did we spy? | siztahsaladığızmı?did you all spy? | alatahsaladılamı?did they spy? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentahsalamadımmı?didn't I spy? | sentahsalamadıŋmı?didn't you spy? | oltahsalamadımı?didn't he spy? | biztahsalamadıqmı?didn't we spy? | siztahsalamadığızmı?didn't you all spy? | alatahsalamadılamı?didn't they spy? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentahsalağanmaI have spied | sentahsalağansayou have spied | oltahsalağandıhe has spied | biztahsalağanbızwe have spied | siztahsalağansızyou all have spied | alatahsalağandılathey have spied |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentahsalamağanmaI haven't spied | sentahsalamağansayou haven't spied | oltahsalamağandıhe hasn't spied | biztahsalamağanbızwe haven't spied | siztahsalamağansızyou all haven't spied | alatahsalamağandılathey haven't spied |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentahsalağanmamı? tahsalağanmıma?have I spied? | sentahsalağanmısa?have you spied? | oltahsalağanmıdı?has he spied? | biztahsalağanbızmı? tahsalağanmıbız?have we spied? | siztahsalağanmısız?have you all spied? | alatahsalağanmıdıla?have they spied? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentahsalamağanmamı? tahsalamağanmıma?haven't I spied? | sentahsalamağanmısa?haven't you spied? | oltahsalamağanmıdı?hasn't he spied? | biztahsalamağanbızmı? tahsalamağanmıbız?haven't we spied? | siztahsalamağanmısız?haven't you all spied? | alatahsalamağanmıdıla?haven't they spied? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentahsalab turdumI kept spying | sentahsalab turduŋyou kept spying | oltahsalab turduhe kept spying | biztahsalab turduqwe kept spying | siztahsalab turduğuzyou all kept spying | alatahsalab turdulathey kept spying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentahsalab turmadımI didn't keep spying | sentahsalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep spying | oltahsalab turmadıhe didn't keep spying | biztahsalab turmadıqwe didn't keep spying | siztahsalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep spying | alatahsalab turmadılathey didn't keep spying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentahsalarmaI will spy | sentahsalarsayou will spy | oltahsalarhe will spy | biztahsalarbızwe will spy | siztahsalarsızyou all will spy | alatahsalarlathey will spy |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentahsalamazmaI won't spy | sentahsalamazsayou won't spy | oltahsalamazhe won't spy | biztahsalamazbızwe won't spy | siztahsalamazsızyou all won't spy | alatahsalamazlathey won't spy |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentahsalarmamı? tahsalarmıma?will I spy? | sentahsalarmısa?will you spy? | oltahsalarmı?will he spy? | biztahsalarbızmı? tahsalarmıbız?will we spy? | siztahsalarmısız?will you all spy? | alatahsalarlamı? tahsalarmıla?will they spy? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentahsalamazmamı? tahsalamazmıma?won't I spy? | sentahsalamazmısa?won't you spy? | oltahsalamazmı?won't he spy? | biztahsalamazbızmı? tahsalamazmıbız?won't we spy? | siztahsalamazmısız?won't you all spy? | alatahsalamazlamı? tahsalamazmıla?won't they spy? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentahsalarıqmaI am going to spy | sentahsalarıqsayou are going to spy | oltahsalarıqdıhe is going to spy | biztahsalarıqbızwe are going to spy | siztahsalarıqsızyou all are going to spy | alatahsalarıqdılathey are going to spy |
| Definite future (future II) | mentahsalarıq tülmeI am not going to spy | sentahsalarıq tülseyou are not going to spy | oltahsalarıq tüldühe is not going to spy | biztahsalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spy | siztahsalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spy | alatahsalarıq tüldülethey are not going to spy |
| Definite future (future II) | mentahsalarıqmamı? tahsalarıqmıma?am I going to spy? | sentahsalarıqmısa?are you going to spy? | oltahsalarıqmıdı?is he going to spy? | biztahsalarıqbızmı? tahsalarıqmıbız?are we going to spy? | siztahsalarıqmısız?are you all going to spy? | alatahsalarıqmıdıla?are they going to spy? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentahsalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spy? | sentahsalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spy? | oltahsalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spy? | biztahsalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spy? | siztahsalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spy? | alatahsalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spy? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentahsalağan edimtahsalağanemI had spied | sentahsalağan ediŋtahsalağaneŋyou had spied | oltahsalağan editahsalağanedhe had spied | biztahsalağan ediktahsalağanekwe had spied | siztahsalağan edigiztahsalağanegizyou all had spied | alatahsalağan ediletahsalağanellethey had spied |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentahsalamağan edimtahsalamağanemI hadn't spied | sentahsalamağan ediŋtahsalamağaneŋyou hadn't spied | oltahsalamağan editahsalamağanedhe hadn't spied | biztahsalamağan ediktahsalamağanekwe hadn't spied | siztahsalamağan edigiztahsalamağanegizyou all hadn't spied | alatahsalamağan ediletahsalamağanellethey hadn't spied |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentahsalay edimtahsalayemI was spying | sentahsalay ediŋtahsalayeŋyou were spying | oltahsalay editahsalayedhe was spying | biztahsalay ediktahsalayekwe were spying | siztahsalay edigiztahsalayegizyou all were spying | alatahsalay ediletahsalayellethey were spying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentahsalamay edimtahsalamayemI wasn't spying | sentahsalamay ediŋtahsalamayeŋyou weren't spying | oltahsalamay editahsalamayedhe wasn't spying | biztahsalamay ediktahsalamayekwe weren't spying | siztahsalamay edigiztahsalamayegizyou all weren't spying | alatahsalamay ediletahsalamayellethey weren't spying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentahsalawçan edimtahsalawçanemI used to spy | sentahsalawçan ediŋtahsalawçaneŋyou used to spy | oltahsalawçan editahsalawçanedhe used to spy | biztahsalawçan ediktahsalawçanekwe used to spy | siztahsalawçan edigiztahsalawçanegizyou all used to spy | alatahsalawçan ediletahsalawçanellethey used to spy |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentahsalamawçan edimtahsalamawçanemI didn't use to spy | sentahsalamawçan ediŋtahsalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to spy | oltahsalamawçan editahsalamawçanedhe didn't use to spy | biztahsalamawçan ediktahsalamawçanekwe didn't use to spy | siztahsalamawçan edigiztahsalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to spy | alatahsalamawçan ediletahsalamawçanellethey didn't use to spy |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltahsalab edihe had spied and remained so | alatahsalab edilethey had spied and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltahsalab tül edihe hadn't spied | alatahsalab tül edilethey hadn't spied | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentahsalab tura edimtahsalab turaemI had kept spying | sentahsalab tura ediŋtahsalab turaeŋyou had kept spying | oltahsalab tura editahsalab turaedhe had kept spying | biztahsalab tura ediktahsalab turaekwe had kept spying | siztahsalab tura edigiztahsalab turaegizyou all had kept spying | alatahsalab tura ediletahsalab turaellethey had kept spying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentahsalab turmay edimtahsalab turmayemI hadn't kept spying | sentahsalab turmay ediŋtahsalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spying | oltahsalab turmay editahsalab turmayedhe hadn't kept spying | biztahsalab turmay ediktahsalab turmayekwe hadn't kept spying | siztahsalab turmay edigiztahsalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spying | alatahsalab turmay ediletahsalab turmayellethey hadn't kept spying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentahsalay tura edimtahsalay turaemI was in the middle of spying | sentahsalay tura ediŋtahsalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of spying | oltahsalay tura editahsalay turaedhe was in the middle of spying | biztahsalay tura ediktahsalay turaekwe were in the middle of spying | siztahsalay tura edigiztahsalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of spying | alatahsalay tura ediletahsalay turaellethey were in the middle of spying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentahsalay turmay edimtahsalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spying | sentahsalay turmay ediŋtahsalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spying | oltahsalay turmay editahsalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spying | biztahsalay turmay ediktahsalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spying | siztahsalay turmay edigiztahsalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spying | alatahsalay turmay ediletahsalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentahsalar edimtahsalar emI would spy | sentahsalar ediŋtahsalar eŋyou would spy | oltahsalar editahsalar edhe would spy | biztahsalar ediktahsalar ekwe would spy | siztahsalar edigiztahsalar egizyou all would spy | alatahsalar ediletahsalar ellethey would spy |
| Conditional result (would) | mentahsalamaz edimtahsalamaz emI wouldn't spy | sentahsalamaz ediŋtahsalamaz eŋyou wouldn't spy | oltahsalamaz editahsalamaz edhe wouldn't spy | biztahsalamaz ediktahsalamaz ekwe wouldn't spy | siztahsalamaz edigiztahsalamaz egizyou all wouldn't spy | alatahsalamaz ediletahsalamaz ellethey wouldn't spy |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentahsalarıq edimtahsalarıq emI would have spied | sentahsalarıq ediŋtahsalarıq eŋyou would have spied | oltahsalarıq editahsalarıq edhe would have spied | biztahsalarıq ediktahsalarıq ekwe would have spied | siztahsalarıq edigiztahsalarıq egizyou all would have spied | alatahsalarıq ediletahsalarıq ellethey would have spied |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentahsalarıq tül edimtahsalarıq tül emI wouldn't have spied | sentahsalarıq tül ediŋtahsalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spied | oltahsalarıq tül editahsalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spied | biztahsalarıq tül ediktahsalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spied | siztahsalarıq tül edigiztahsalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spied | alatahsalarıq tül ediletahsalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spied |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentahsalasamif I spy | sentahsalasaŋif you spy | oltahsalasaif he spies | biztahsalasaqif we spy | siztahsalasağızif you all spy | alatahsalasalaif they spy |
| Conditional | mentahsalamasamif I don't spy | sentahsalamasaŋif you don't spy | oltahsalamasaif he doesn't spy | biztahsalamasaqif we don't spy | siztahsalamasağızif you all don't spy | alatahsalamasalaif they don't spy |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentahsalay esemif I am spying | sentahsalay eseŋif you are spying | oltahsalay eseif he is spying | biztahsalay esekif we are spying | siztahsalay esegizif you all are spying | alatahsalay eseleif they are spying |
| Conditional, present real | mentahsalamay esemif I am not spying | sentahsalamay eseŋif you are not spying | oltahsalamay eseif he is not spying | biztahsalamay esekif we are not spying | siztahsalamay esegizif you all are not spying | alatahsalamay eseleif they are not spying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentahsalasam editahsalasam edif only I spied | sentahsalasaŋ editahsalasaŋ edif only you spied | oltahsalasa editahsalasaedif only he spied | biztahsalasaq editahsalasaq edif only we spied | siztahsalasağız editahsalasağız edif only you all spied | alatahsalasala editahsalasalaedif only they spied |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentahsalamasam editahsalamasam edif only I didn't spy | sentahsalamasaŋ editahsalamasaŋ edif only you didn't spy | oltahsalamasa editahsalamasaedif only he didn't spy | biztahsalamasaq editahsalamasaq edif only we didn't spy | siztahsalamasağız editahsalamasağız edif only you all didn't spy | alatahsalamasala editahsalamasalaedif only they didn't spy |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentahsalab tursamif I carry on spying | sentahsalab tursaŋif you carry on spying | oltahsalab tursaif he carries on spying | biztahsalab tursaqif we carry on spying | siztahsalab tursağızif you all carry on spying | alatahsalab tursalaif they carry on spying |
| Durative conditional | mentahsalab turmasamif I don't carry on spying | sentahsalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on spying | oltahsalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on spying | biztahsalab turmasaqif we don't carry on spying | siztahsalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on spying | alatahsalab turmasalaif they don't carry on spying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentahsalab tura esemif I have kept spying | sentahsalab tura eseŋif you have kept spying | oltahsalab tura eseif he has kept spying | biztahsalab tura esekif we have kept spying | siztahsalab tura esegizif you all have kept spying | alatahsalab tura eseleif they have kept spying |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentahsalab turmay esemif I haven't kept spying | sentahsalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spying | oltahsalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept spying | biztahsalab turmay esekif we haven't kept spying | siztahsalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spying | alatahsalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept spying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentahsalay tursamif I keep spying | sentahsalay tursaŋif you keep spying | oltahsalay tursaif he keeps spying | biztahsalay tursaqif we keep spying | siztahsalay tursağızif you all keep spying | alatahsalay tursalaif they keep spying |
| Progressive conditional | mentahsalamay tursamif I keep on not spying | sentahsalamay tursaŋif you keep on not spying | oltahsalamay tursaif he keeps on not spying | biztahsalamay tursaqif we keep on not spying | siztahsalamay tursağızif you all keep on not spying | alatahsalamay tursalaif they keep on not spying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentahsalay tura esemif I am in the middle of spying | sentahsalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spying | oltahsalay tura eseif he is in the middle of spying | biztahsalay tura esekif we are in the middle of spying | siztahsalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spying | alatahsalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of spying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentahsalamay tura esemif I keep on not spying | sentahsalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not spying | oltahsalamay tura eseif he keeps on not spying | biztahsalamay tura esekif we keep on not spying | siztahsalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not spying | alatahsalamay tura eseleif they keep on not spying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentahsaladım esemif I spied | sentahsaladıŋ eseŋif you spied | oltahsaladı eseif he spied | biztahsaladıq esekif we spied | siztahsaladığız esegizif you all spied | alatahsaladıla eseleif they spied |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentahsalamadım esemif I didn't spy | sentahsalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spy | oltahsalamadı eseif he didn't spy | biztahsalamadıq esekif we didn't spy | siztahsalamadığız esegizif you all didn't spy | alatahsalamadıla eseleif they didn't spy |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentahsalağan esemif I did spy (indeed) | sentahsalağan eseŋif you did spy (indeed) | oltahsalağan eseif he did spy (indeed) | biztahsalağan esekif we did spy (indeed) | siztahsalağan esegizif you all did spy (indeed) | alatahsalağan eseleif they did spy (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentahsalamağan esemif I didn't spy (indeed) | sentahsalamağan eseŋif you didn't spy (indeed) | oltahsalamağan eseif he didn't spy (indeed) | biztahsalamağan esekif we didn't spy (indeed) | siztahsalamağan esegizif you all didn't spy (indeed) | alatahsalamağan eseleif they didn't spy (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentahsalağan bolsamif I had spied | sentahsalağan bolsaŋif you had spied | oltahsalağan bolsaif he had spied | biztahsalağan bolsaqif we had spied | siztahsalağan bolsağızif you all had spied | alatahsalağan bolsalaif they had spied |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentahsalamağan bolsamif I hadn't spied | sentahsalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spied | oltahsalamağan bolsaif he hadn't spied | biztahsalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't spied | siztahsalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spied | alatahsalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't spied |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentahsalağan bolsam editahsalağan bolsam edif only I had spied | sentahsalağan bolsaŋ editahsalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had spied | oltahsalağan bolsa editahsalağan bolsaedif only he had spied | biztahsalağan bolsaq editahsalağan bolsaq edif only we had spied | siztahsalağan bolsağız editahsalağan bolsağız edif only you all had spied | alatahsalağan bolsala editahsalağan bolsalaedif only they had spied |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentahsalamağan bolsam editahsalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spied | sentahsalamağan bolsaŋ editahsalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spied | oltahsalamağan bolsa editahsalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spied | biztahsalamağan bolsaq editahsalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spied | siztahsalamağan bolsağız editahsalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spied | alatahsalamağan bolsala editahsalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spied |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentahsalar esemif I will spy | sentahsalar eseŋif you will spy | oltahsalar eseif he will spy | biztahsalar esekif we will spy | siztahsalar esegizif you all will spy | alatahsalar eseleif they will spy |
| Conditional, aorist | mentahsalamaz esemif I won't spy | sentahsalamaz eseŋif you won't spy | oltahsalamaz eseif he won't spy | biztahsalamaz esekif we won't spy | siztahsalamaz esegizif you all won't spy | alatahsalamaz eseleif they won't spy |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentahsalarıq esemif I am going to spy | sentahsalarıq eseŋif you are going to spy | oltahsalarıq eseif he is going to spy | biztahsalarıq esekif we are going to spy | siztahsalarıq esegizif you all are going to spy | alatahsalarıq eseleif they are going to spy |
| Conditional, future | mentahsalarıq tül esemif I am not going to spy | sentahsalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spy | oltahsalarıq tül eseif he is not going to spy | biztahsalarıq tül esekif we are not going to spy | siztahsalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spy | alatahsalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spy |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentahsalarıq bolsamif I were going to spy | sentahsalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spy | oltahsalarıq bolsaif he were going to spy | biztahsalarıq bolsaqif we were going to spy | siztahsalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spy | alatahsalarıq bolsalaif they were going to spy |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentahsalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spy | sentahsalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spy | oltahsalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spy | biztahsalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spy | siztahsalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spy | alatahsalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spy |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tahsaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentahsalay bolurmaI must be spying | sentahsalay bolursayou must be spying | oltahsalay bolurhe must be spying | biztahsalay bolurbuzwe must be spying | siztahsalay bolursuzyou all must be spying | alatahsalay bolurlathey must be spying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentahsalamay bolurmaI must not be spying | sentahsalamay bolursayou must not be spying | oltahsalamay bolurhe must not be spying | biztahsalamay bolurbuzwe must not be spying | siztahsalamay bolursuzyou all must not be spying | alatahsalamay bolurlathey must not be spying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentahsalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spying | sentahsalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spying | oltahsalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spying | biztahsalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spying | siztahsalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spying | alatahsalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentahsalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not spying | sentahsalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not spying | oltahsalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not spying | biztahsalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spying | siztahsalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spying | alatahsalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not spying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentahsalağan bolurmaI must have spied | sentahsalağan bolursayou must have spied | oltahsalağan bolurhe must have spied | biztahsalağan bolurbuzwe must have spied | siztahsalağan bolursuzyou all must have spied | alatahsalağan bolurlathey must have spied |
| Inference (must have) | mentahsalamağan bolurmaI must not have spied | sentahsalamağan bolursayou must not have spied | oltahsalamağan bolurhe must not have spied | biztahsalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have spied | siztahsalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have spied | alatahsalamağan bolurlathey must not have spied |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentahsalarıq bolurmaI must be going to spy | sentahsalarıq bolursayou must be going to spy | oltahsalarıq bolurhe must be going to spy | biztahsalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spy | siztahsalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spy | alatahsalarıq bolurlathey must be going to spy |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentahsalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spy | sentahsalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spy | oltahsalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spy | biztahsalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spy | siztahsalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spy | alatahsalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spy |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentahsalayımlet me spy | sentahsala!spy! | oltahsalasınlet him spy | biztahsalayıqlet's spy | siztahsalağız!spy, you all! | alatahsalasınlalet them spy |
| Commands & suggestions | mentahsalamayımlet me not spy | sentahsalama!don't spy! | oltahsalamasınlet him not spy | biztahsalamayıqlet's not spy | siztahsalamağız!don't spy, you all! | alatahsalamasınlalet them not spy |
| Commands & suggestions | mentahsalayımmı?shall I spy? | oltahsalasınmı?should he spy? | biztahsalayıqmı?shall we spy? | alatahsalasınlamı?should they spy? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentahsalamayımmı?shall I not spy? | oltahsalamasınmı?should he not spy? | biztahsalamayıqmı?shall we not spy? | alatahsalamasınlamı?should they not spy? | ||
| Requests | sentahsalaçı2tahsalaçınplease spy | oltahsalasınçıdo let him spy | siztahsalaçığızplease spy (plural/polite) | alatahsalasınlaçıdo let them spy | ||
| Requests | sentahsalamaçı2tahsalamaçınplease don't spy | oltahsalamasınçıdo let him not spy | siztahsalamaçığızplease don't spy (plural/polite) | alatahsalamasınlaçıdo let them not spy | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentahsalağıntahsalağımay you spy | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentahsalamağıntahsalamağımay you not spy | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentahsalağay edim tahsalağa edimwould that I spied | sentahsalağay ediŋ tahsalağa ediŋwould that you spied | oltahsalağay edi tahsalağa ediwould that he spied | biztahsalağay edik tahsalağa edikwould that we spied | siztahsalağay edigiz tahsalağa edigizwould that you all spied | alatahsalağay edile tahsalağa edilewould that they spied |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentahsalamağay edim tahsalamağa edimwould that I did not spy | sentahsalamağay ediŋ tahsalamağa ediŋwould that you did not spy | oltahsalamağay edi tahsalamağa ediwould that he did not spy | biztahsalamağay edik tahsalamağa edikwould that we did not spy | siztahsalamağay edigiz tahsalamağa edigizwould that you all did not spy | alatahsalamağay edile tahsalamağa edilewould that they did not spy |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentahsalamağa qoyayımtahsalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoy!tahsalama qoy!let someone spy! | oltahsalamağa qoysuntahsalama qoysunlet him allow someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoyayıqtahsalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoyuğuz!tahsalama qoyuğuz!let someone spy, you all! | alatahsalamağa qoysunlatahsalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to spy |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentahsalamağa qoymayımtahsalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoyma!tahsalama qoyma!don't let someone spy! | oltahsalamağa qoymasıntahsalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoymayıqtahsalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoymağız!tahsalama qoymağız!don't let someone spy, you all! | alatahsalamağa qoymasınlatahsalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spy |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentahsalamağa qoyayımmı?tahsalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoysunmu?tahsalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoyayıqmı?tahsalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoysunlamı?tahsalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spy? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentahsalamağa qoymayımmı?tahsalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoymasınmı?tahsalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoymayıqmı?tahsalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoymasınlamı?tahsalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spy? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentahsalamağa qoyamatahsalama qoyamaI allow someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoyasatahsalama qoyasayou allow someone to spy | oltahsalamağa qoyadıtahsalama qoyadıhe allows someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoyabıztahsalama qoyabızwe allow someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoyasıztahsalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to spy | alatahsalamağa qoyadılatahsalama qoyadılathey allow someone to spy |
| Let someone… (present) | mentahsalamağa qoymaymatahsalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoymaysatahsalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spy | oltahsalamağa qoymaydıtahsalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoymaybıztahsalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoymaysıztahsalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spy | alatahsalamağa qoymaydılatahsalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spy |
| Let someone… (present) | mentahsalamağa qoyamamı?tahsalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spy? | sentahsalamağa qoyamısa?tahsalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoyamıdı?tahsalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoyabızmı?tahsalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spy? | siztahsalamağa qoyamısız?tahsalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoyamıdıla?tahsalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spy? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentahsalamağa qoymaymamı?tahsalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spy? | sentahsalamağa qoymaymısa?tahsalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoymaymıdı?tahsalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoymaybızmı?tahsalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spy? | siztahsalamağa qoymaymısız?tahsalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoymaymıdıla?tahsalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spy? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentahsalamağa qoydumtahsalama qoydumI allowed someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoyduŋtahsalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spy | oltahsalamağa qoydutahsalama qoyduhe allowed someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoyduqtahsalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoyduğuztahsalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spy | alatahsalamağa qoydulatahsalama qoydulathey allowed someone to spy |
| Let someone… (past) | mentahsalamağa qoymadımtahsalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spy | sentahsalamağa qoymadıŋtahsalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spy | oltahsalamağa qoymadıtahsalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spy | biztahsalamağa qoymadıqtahsalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spy | siztahsalamağa qoymadığıztahsalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spy | alatahsalamağa qoymadılatahsalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spy |
| Let someone… (past) | mentahsalamağa qoydummu?tahsalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to spy? | sentahsalamağa qoyduŋmu?tahsalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoydumu?tahsalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoyduqmu?tahsalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spy? | siztahsalamağa qoyduğuzmu?tahsalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoydulamı?tahsalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spy? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentahsalamağa qoymadımmı?tahsalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spy? | sentahsalamağa qoymadıŋmı?tahsalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spy? | oltahsalamağa qoymadımı?tahsalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spy? | biztahsalamağa qoymadıqmı?tahsalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spy? | siztahsalamağa qoymadığızmı?tahsalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spy? | alatahsalamağa qoymadılamı?tahsalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spy? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tahsalayalırğa be able to spy · tahsalayalmazğa be unable to spy
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentahsalayalamaI can spy | sentahsalayalasayou can spy | oltahsalayaladıhe can spy | biztahsalayalabızwe can spy | siztahsalayalasızyou all can spy | alatahsalayaladılathey can spy |
| Ability — present | mentahsalayalmaymaI can't spy | sentahsalayalmaysayou can't spy | oltahsalayalmaydıhe can't spy | biztahsalayalmaybızwe can't spy | siztahsalayalmaysızyou all can't spy | alatahsalayalmaydılathey can't spy |
| Ability — present | mentahsalayalamamı? tahsalayalamıma?can I spy? | sentahsalayalamısa?can you spy? | oltahsalayalamıdı?can he spy? | biztahsalayalabızmı? tahsalayalamıbız?can we spy? | siztahsalayalamısız?can you all spy? | alatahsalayalamıdıla?can they spy? |
| Ability — present | mentahsalayalmaymamı? tahsalayalmaymıma?can't I spy? | sentahsalayalmaymısa?can't you spy? | oltahsalayalmaymıdı?can't he spy? | biztahsalayalmaybızmı? tahsalayalmaymıbız?can't we spy? | siztahsalayalmaymısız?can't you all spy? | alatahsalayalmaymıdıla?can't they spy? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentahsalayalsamif I can spy | sentahsalayalsaŋif you can spy | oltahsalayalsaif he can spy | biztahsalayalsaqif we can spy | siztahsalayalsağızif you all can spy | alatahsalayalsalaif they can spy |
| Ability — if I can… | mentahsalayalmasamif I can't spy | sentahsalayalmasaŋif you can't spy | oltahsalayalmasaif he can't spy | biztahsalayalmasaqif we can't spy | siztahsalayalmasağızif you all can't spy | alatahsalayalmasalaif they can't spy |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentahsalayaldımI was able to spy | sentahsalayaldıŋyou were able to spy | oltahsalayaldıhe was able to spy | biztahsalayaldıqwe were able to spy | siztahsalayaldığızyou all were able to spy | alatahsalayaldılathey were able to spy |
| Ability — simple past | mentahsalayalmadımI could not spy | sentahsalayalmadıŋyou could not spy | oltahsalayalmadıhe could not spy | biztahsalayalmadıqwe could not spy | siztahsalayalmadığızyou all could not spy | alatahsalayalmadılathey could not spy |
| Ability — simple past | mentahsalayaldımmı?was I able to spy? | sentahsalayaldıŋmı?were you able to spy? | oltahsalayaldımı?was he able to spy? | biztahsalayaldıqmı?were we able to spy? | siztahsalayaldığızmı?were you all able to spy? | alatahsalayaldılamı?were they able to spy? |
| Ability — simple past | mentahsalayalmadımmı?couldn't I spy? | sentahsalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spy? | oltahsalayalmadımı?couldn't he spy? | biztahsalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we spy? | siztahsalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spy? | alatahsalayalmadılamı?couldn't they spy? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentahsalayalğanmaI have been able to spy | sentahsalayalğansayou have been able to spy | oltahsalayalğandıhe has been able to spy | biztahsalayalğanbızwe have been able to spy | siztahsalayalğansızyou all have been able to spy | alatahsalayalğandılathey have been able to spy |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentahsalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to spy | sentahsalayalmağansayou haven't been able to spy | oltahsalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spy | biztahsalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spy | siztahsalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spy | alatahsalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to spy |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentahsalayalğanmamı? tahsalayalğanmıma?have I been able to spy? | sentahsalayalğanmısa?have you been able to spy? | oltahsalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to spy? | biztahsalayalğanbızmı? tahsalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to spy? | siztahsalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to spy? | alatahsalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spy? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentahsalayalmağanmamı? tahsalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spy? | sentahsalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spy? | oltahsalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spy? | biztahsalayalmağanbızmı? tahsalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spy? | siztahsalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spy? | alatahsalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spy? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentahsalayalğan edimtahsalayalğanemI had been able to spy | sentahsalayalğan ediŋtahsalayalğaneŋyou had been able to spy | oltahsalayalğan editahsalayalğanedhe had been able to spy | biztahsalayalğan ediktahsalayalğanekwe had been able to spy | siztahsalayalğan edigiztahsalayalğanegizyou all had been able to spy | alatahsalayalğan ediletahsalayalğanellethey had been able to spy |
| Ability — past perfect | mentahsalayalmağan edimtahsalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to spy | sentahsalayalmağan ediŋtahsalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spy | oltahsalayalmağan editahsalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spy | biztahsalayalmağan ediktahsalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spy | siztahsalayalmağan edigiztahsalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spy | alatahsalayalmağan ediletahsalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spy |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentahsalayala edimtahsalayalaemI could spy | sentahsalayala ediŋtahsalayalaeŋyou could spy | oltahsalayala editahsalayalaedhe could spy | biztahsalayala ediktahsalayalaekwe could spy | siztahsalayala edigiztahsalayalaegizyou all could spy | alatahsalayala ediletahsalayalaellethey could spy |
| Ability — past background | mentahsalayalmay edimtahsalayalmayemI could not spy | sentahsalayalmay ediŋtahsalayalmayeŋyou could not spy | oltahsalayalmay editahsalayalmayedhe could not spy | biztahsalayalmay ediktahsalayalmayekwe could not spy | siztahsalayalmay edigiztahsalayalmayegizyou all could not spy | alatahsalayalmay ediletahsalayalmayellethey could not spy |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentahsalayalırmaI will be able to spy | sentahsalayalırsayou will be able to spy | oltahsalayalırhe will be able to spy | biztahsalayalırbızwe will be able to spy | siztahsalayalırsızyou all will be able to spy | alatahsalayalırlathey will be able to spy |
| Ability — future I | mentahsalayalmazmaI won't be able to spy | sentahsalayalmazsayou won't be able to spy | oltahsalayalmazhe won't be able to spy | biztahsalayalmazbızwe won't be able to spy | siztahsalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to spy | alatahsalayalmazlathey won't be able to spy |
| Ability — future I | mentahsalayalırmamı? tahsalayalırmıma?will I be able to spy? | sentahsalayalırmısa?will you be able to spy? | oltahsalayalırmı?will he be able to spy? | biztahsalayalırbızmı? tahsalayalırmıbız?will we be able to spy? | siztahsalayalırmısız?will you all be able to spy? | alatahsalayalırlamı? tahsalayalırmıla?will they be able to spy? |
| Ability — future I | mentahsalayalmazmamı? tahsalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to spy? | sentahsalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to spy? | oltahsalayalmazmı?won't he be able to spy? | biztahsalayalmazbızmı? tahsalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spy? | siztahsalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spy? | alatahsalayalmazlamı? tahsalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to spy? |
| Ability — future II | mentahsalayallıqmaI am going to be able to spy | sentahsalayallıqsayou are going to be able to spy | oltahsalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to spy | biztahsalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to spy | siztahsalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spy | alatahsalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to spy |
| Ability — future II | mentahsalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spy | sentahsalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spy | oltahsalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spy | biztahsalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spy | siztahsalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spy | alatahsalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spy |
| Ability — future II | mentahsalayallıqmamı? tahsalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spy? | sentahsalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spy? | oltahsalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spy? | biztahsalayallıqbızmı? tahsalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spy? | siztahsalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spy? | alatahsalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spy? |
| Ability — future II | mentahsalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spy? | sentahsalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spy? | oltahsalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spy? | biztahsalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spy? | siztahsalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spy? | alatahsalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spy? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentahsalayalır edimtahsalayalır emI would be able to spy | sentahsalayalır ediŋtahsalayalır eŋyou would be able to spy | oltahsalayalır editahsalayalır edhe would be able to spy | biztahsalayalır ediktahsalayalır ekwe would be able to spy | siztahsalayalır edigiztahsalayalır egizyou all would be able to spy | alatahsalayalır ediletahsalayalır ellethey would be able to spy |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentahsalayalmaz edimtahsalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spy | sentahsalayalmaz ediŋtahsalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spy | oltahsalayalmaz editahsalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spy | biztahsalayalmaz ediktahsalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spy | siztahsalayalmaz edigiztahsalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spy | alatahsalayalmaz ediletahsalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spy |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentahsalayalğıntahsalayalğımay you be able to spy | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentahsalayalmağıntahsalayalmağımay you not be able to spy | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentahsalarğa izleymeI want to spy | sentahsalarğa izleyseyou want to spy | oltahsalarğa izleydihe wants to spy | biztahsalarğa izleybizwe want to spy | siztahsalarğa izleysizyou all want to spy | alatahsalarğa izleydilethey want to spy |
| want to | mentahsalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spy | sentahsalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spy | oltahsalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spy | biztahsalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spy | siztahsalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spy | alatahsalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spy |
| would like to | mentahsalarğa süemeI would like to spy | sentahsalarğa süeseyou would like to spy | oltahsalarğa süedihe would like to spy | biztahsalarğa süebizwe would like to spy | siztahsalarğa süesizyou all would like to spy | alatahsalarğa süedilethey would like to spy |
| would like to | mentahsalarğa süymeymeI would not like to spy | sentahsalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spy | oltahsalarğa süymeydihe would not like to spy | biztahsalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spy | siztahsalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spy | alatahsalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spy |
| hope to | mentahsalarğa umutlanamaI hope to spy | sentahsalarğa umutlanasayou hope to spy | oltahsalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spy | biztahsalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spy | siztahsalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spy | alatahsalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spy |
| hope to | mentahsalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spy | sentahsalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spy | oltahsalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spy | biztahsalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spy | siztahsalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spy | alatahsalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spy |
| be about to | mentahsalarğa deb turamaI am about to spy | sentahsalarğa deb turasayou are about to spy | oltahsalarğa deb turadıhe is about to spy | biztahsalarğa deb turabızwe are about to spy | siztahsalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spy | alatahsalarğa deb turadılathey are about to spy |
| be about to | mentahsalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spy | sentahsalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spy | oltahsalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spy | biztahsalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spy | siztahsalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spy | alatahsalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spy |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentahsalarğa kerekmeI need to spy | sentahsalarğa kerekseyou need to spy | oltahsalarğa kerekdihe needs to spy | biztahsalarğa kerekbizwe need to spy | siztahsalarğa kereksizyou all need to spy | alatahsalarğa kerekdilethey need to spy |
| need to | mentahsalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spy | sentahsalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spy | oltahsalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spy | biztahsalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spy | siztahsalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spy | alatahsalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spy |
| have to | menmenŋe tahsalarğa tüşediI have to spy | sensenŋe tahsalarğa tüşediyou have to spy | olaŋa tahsalarğa tüşedihe has to spy | bizbizge tahsalarğa tüşediwe have to spy | sizsizge tahsalarğa tüşediyou all have to spy | alaalağa tahsalarğa tüşedithey have to spy |
| have to | menmenŋe tahsalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spy | sensenŋe tahsalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spy | olaŋa tahsalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spy | bizbizge tahsalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spy | sizsizge tahsalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spy | alaalağa tahsalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spy |
| be obliged to | mentahsalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spy | sentahsalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spy | oltahsalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spy | biztahsalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spy | siztahsalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spy | alatahsalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spy |
| be obliged to | mentahsalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spy | sentahsalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spy | oltahsalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spy | biztahsalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spy | siztahsalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spy | alatahsalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spy |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentahsalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spy | sentahsalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spy | oltahsalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spy | biztahsalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spy | siztahsalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spy | alatahsalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spy |
| have a way to | mentahsalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spy | sentahsalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spy | oltahsalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spy | biztahsalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spy | siztahsalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spy | alatahsalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spy |
| be free to | mentahsalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spy | sentahsalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spy | oltahsalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spy | biztahsalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spy | siztahsalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spy | alatahsalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spy |
| be free to | mentahsalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spy | sentahsalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spy | oltahsalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spy | biztahsalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spy | siztahsalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spy | alatahsalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spy |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spy | sensenŋe tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spy | olaŋa tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spy | bizbizge tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spy | sizsizge tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spy | alaalağa tahsalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spy |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spy | sensenŋe tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spy | olaŋa tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spy | bizbizge tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spy | sizsizge tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spy | alaalağa tahsalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spy |
| be ready to | mentahsalarğa hazırmaI am ready to spy | sentahsalarğa hazırsayou are ready to spy | oltahsalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spy | biztahsalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spy | siztahsalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spy | alatahsalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spy |
| be ready to | mentahsalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spy | sentahsalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spy | oltahsalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spy | biztahsalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spy | siztahsalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spy | alatahsalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spy |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentahsalarğa küreşemeI am trying to spy | sentahsalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spy | oltahsalarğa küreşedihe is trying to spy | biztahsalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spy | siztahsalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spy | alatahsalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spy |
| try to | mentahsalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spy | sentahsalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spy | oltahsalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spy | biztahsalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spy | siztahsalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spy | alatahsalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spy |
| agree to | mentahsalarğa unaymaI agree to spy | sentahsalarğa unaysayou agree to spy | oltahsalarğa unaydıhe agrees to spy | biztahsalarğa unaybızwe agree to spy | siztahsalarğa unaysızyou all agree to spy | alatahsalarğa unaydılathey agree to spy |
| agree to | mentahsalarğa unamaymaI refuse to spy | sentahsalarğa unamaysayou refuse to spy | oltahsalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spy | biztahsalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spy | siztahsalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spy | alatahsalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spy |
| hurry to | mentahsalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spy | sentahsalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spy | oltahsalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spy | biztahsalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spy | siztahsalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spy | alatahsalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spy |
| hurry to | mentahsalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spy | sentahsalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spy | oltahsalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spy | biztahsalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spy | siztahsalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spy | alatahsalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spy |
| be afraid to | mentahsalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spy | sentahsalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spy | oltahsalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spy | biztahsalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spy | siztahsalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spy | alatahsalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spy |
| be afraid to | mentahsalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spy | sentahsalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spy | oltahsalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spy | biztahsalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spy | siztahsalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spy | alatahsalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spy |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentahsalay bolmazmaI can't be spying | sentahsalay bolmazsayou can't be spying | oltahsalay bolmazhe can't be spying | biztahsalay bolmazbızwe can't be spying | siztahsalay bolmazsızyou all can't be spying | alatahsalay bolmazlathey can't be spying |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentahsalamay bolmazmaI must be spying (emphatic) | sentahsalamay bolmazsayou must be spying (emphatic) | oltahsalamay bolmazhe must be spying (emphatic) | biztahsalamay bolmazbızwe must be spying (emphatic) | siztahsalamay bolmazsızyou all must be spying (emphatic) | alatahsalamay bolmazlathey must be spying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentahsalay turmasamif I don't keep spying | sentahsalay turmasaŋif you don't keep spying | oltahsalay turmasaif he doesn't keep spying | biztahsalay turmasaqif we don't keep spying | siztahsalay turmasağızif you all don't keep spying | alatahsalay turmasalaif they don't keep spying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentahsalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spying | sentahsalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spying | oltahsalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spying | biztahsalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spying | siztahsalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spying | alatahsalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentahsalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spying (emphatic) | sentahsalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spying (emphatic) | oltahsalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not spying (emphatic) | biztahsalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spying (emphatic) | siztahsalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spying (emphatic) | alatahsalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentahsalamay turamaI keep on not spying | sentahsalamay turasayou keep on not spying | oltahsalamay turadıhe keeps on not spying | biztahsalamay turabızwe keep on not spying | siztahsalamay turasızyou all keep on not spying | alatahsalamay turadılathey keep on not spying |
| Progressive — double negation | mentahsalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not spying | sentahsalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not spying | oltahsalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spying | biztahsalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spying | siztahsalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spying | alatahsalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spying |
| Progressive — double negation | mentahsalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spying? | sentahsalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spying? | oltahsalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spying? | biztahsalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spying? | siztahsalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spying? | alatahsalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentahsalağan bolmazmaI can't have spied | sentahsalağan bolmazsayou can't have spied | oltahsalağan bolmazhe can't have spied | biztahsalağan bolmazbızwe can't have spied | siztahsalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have spied | alatahsalağan bolmazlathey can't have spied |
| Inference — double negation | mentahsalamağan bolmazmaI must have spied (emphatic) | sentahsalamağan bolmazsayou must have spied (emphatic) | oltahsalamağan bolmazhe must have spied (emphatic) | biztahsalamağan bolmazbızwe must have spied (emphatic) | siztahsalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have spied (emphatic) | alatahsalamağan bolmazlathey must have spied (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentahsalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spied | sentahsalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spied | oltahsalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spied | biztahsalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spied | siztahsalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spied | alatahsalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spied |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentahsalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spied | sentahsalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spied | oltahsalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spied | biztahsalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spied | siztahsalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spied | alatahsalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spied |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentahsalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spy | sentahsalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spy | oltahsalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spy | biztahsalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spy | siztahsalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spy | alatahsalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spy |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentahsalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spy (emphatic) | sentahsalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spy (emphatic) | oltahsalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spy (emphatic) | biztahsalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spy (emphatic) | siztahsalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spy (emphatic) | alatahsalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spy (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentahsalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spy | sentahsalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spy | oltahsalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spy | biztahsalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spy | siztahsalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spy | alatahsalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spy |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentahsalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spy | sentahsalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spy | oltahsalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spy | biztahsalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spy | siztahsalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spy | alatahsalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spy |