sögüm
/søɡym/
Definitions
1. censure, criticism, an expression of disapproval
- jıyılıwda sögüm salırğa — to voice criticism at a meeting
- sögümge tüberge — to meet with censure
- sögümnü eşitirge — to hear censure
2. slander, a false statement made to damage a person's name
- qızğa sögüm — slander against a girl
- sögüm aytırğa — to speak slander
- sögümden qorqurğa — to fear slander
3. a defect, a flaw in something otherwise sound
- sögümü joq adam — a person without a flaw
- sögümü köb zat — a thing with many flaws
- sögümü bolmağan iş — work without a flaw
Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sögümthe censure | sögümlethe censures | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | sögümnüthe censure's | sögümlenithe censures' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | sögümnüthe censure (as the object) | sögümlenithe censures (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | sögümgeto the censure | sögümlegeto the censures | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | sögümdeat / in the censure | sögümledeat / in the censures | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | sögümdenfrom the censure | sögümledenfrom the censures | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | sögümümmy censure | sögümlerimmy censures |
| your | sögümüngyour censure | sögümleringyour censures |
| his / her | sögümühis / her censure | sögümlerihis / her censures |
| our | sögümübüzour censure | sögümleribizour censures |
| you all's | sögümügüzyou all's censure | sögümlerigizyou all's censures |
| their | sögümleritheir censure | sögümleritheir censures |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: sögümleri can mean "his / her censures", "their censure", or "their censures" — context decides.