şkırna
/ʃkɯrna/
Definitions
1. small, undersized, stunted; unprepossessing in appearance
- şkırna adam — an unprepossessing man
- şkırna qoçhar — an undersized ram
- şkırna qanatla — short wings
2. sackcloth, a coarse cloth woven from thickly spun wool
- qalın şkırna — thick sackcloth
- şkırnadan tigilgen — sewn from sackcloth
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or .As an adjective
Degrees
| base form | şkırnasmall |
|---|---|
| comparative — more | şkırnaraqsmaller |
| intensifier — very | bek şkırnavery small |
| superlative — most | em şkırnathe smallest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden şkırnadı — "compared to me, he is small."
Saying it about someone
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | men şkırnamaI am small | biz şkırnabızwe are small |
| 2nd person | sen şkırnasayou are small | siz şkırnasızyou all are small |
| 3rd person | ol şkırnadıhe / she / it is small | ala şkırnadılathey are small |
Saying it about something
| One thing | Several | |
|---|---|---|
| this / these | bu şkırnadıthis is small | bıla şkırnadılathese are small |
| that / those | ol şkırnadıthat / it is small | ala şkırnadılathose / they are small |
| mine | meniki şkırnadımine is small | menikile şkırnadılamine are small |
| yours | seniki şkırnadıyours is small | senikile şkırnadılayours are small |
| ours | bizniki şkırnadıours is small | biznikile şkırnadılaours are small |
As a noun
Cases
| Form | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | şkırnathe sackcloth | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | şkırnanıthe sackcloth's | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | şkırnanıthe sackcloth (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | şkırnağato the sackcloth | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | şkırnadaat / in the sackcloth | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | şkırnadanfrom the sackcloth | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| Owned | |
|---|---|
| my | şkırnammy sackcloth |
| your | şkırnangyour sackcloth |
| his / her | şkırnasıhis / her sackcloth |
| our | şkırnabızour sackcloth |
| you all's | şkırnağızyou all's sackcloth |
| their | şkırnalarıtheir sackcloth |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.