qıysayırğa
/qɯjsajɯrʁa/
lean, tilt to one side, go crooked, warp, bend — Used of shoes, roofs, trees, or a plant whose head droops under its weight; bir janına qıysayırğa means lean over to one side. Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay.
- bir janına qıysayırğa — to lean over to one side
Conjugation
Common forms
- qıysayadıhe is leaning
- qıysaydıhe leaned
- qıysayğandıhe has leaned
- qıysayırhe will lean
- qıysayırıqdıhe is going to lean
- qıysaya edihe was leaning
- qıysaysaif he leans
- qıysay!lean!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıysayamaI am leaning | senqıysayasayou are leaning | olqıysayadıhe is leaning | bizqıysayabızwe are leaning | sizqıysayasızyou all are leaning | alaqıysayadılathey are leaning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıysaymaymaI am not leaning | senqıysaymaysayou are not leaning | olqıysaymaydıhe is not leaning | bizqıysaymaybızwe are not leaning | sizqıysaymaysızyou all are not leaning | alaqıysaymaydılathey are not leaning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıysayamamı? qıysayamıma?am I leaning? | senqıysayamısa?are you leaning? | olqıysayamıdı?is he leaning? | bizqıysayabızmı? qıysayamıbız?are we leaning? | sizqıysayamısız?are you all leaning? | alaqıysayamıdıla?are they leaning? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıysaymaymamı? qıysaymaymıma?aren't I leaning? | senqıysaymaymısa?aren't you leaning? | olqıysaymaymıdı?isn't he leaning? | bizqıysaymaybızmı? qıysaymaymıbız?aren't we leaning? | sizqıysaymaymısız?aren't you all leaning? | alaqıysaymaymıdıla?aren't they leaning? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıysayıwçanmaI usually lean | senqıysayıwçansayou usually lean | olqıysayıwçandıhe usually leans | bizqıysayıwçanbızwe usually lean | sizqıysayıwçansızyou all usually lean | alaqıysayıwçandılathey usually lean |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıysaymawçanmaI usually don't lean | senqıysaymawçansayou usually don't lean | olqıysaymawçandıhe usually doesn't lean | bizqıysaymawçanbızwe usually don't lean | sizqıysaymawçansızyou all usually don't lean | alaqıysaymawçandılathey usually don't lean |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıysayıwçanmamı? qıysayıwçanmıma?do I usually lean? | senqıysayıwçanmısa?do you usually lean? | olqıysayıwçanmıdı?does he usually lean? | bizqıysayıwçanbızmı? qıysayıwçanmıbız?do we usually lean? | sizqıysayıwçanmısız?do you all usually lean? | alaqıysayıwçanmıdıla?do they usually lean? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıysaymawçanmamı? qıysaymawçanmıma?do I usually not lean? | senqıysaymawçanmısa?do you usually not lean? | olqıysaymawçanmıdı?does he usually not lean? | bizqıysaymawçanbızmı? qıysaymawçanmıbız?do we usually not lean? | sizqıysaymawçanmısız?do you all usually not lean? | alaqıysaymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not lean? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıysayıbdıhe has leaned and remains so | alaqıysayıbdılathey have leaned and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıysayıbmıdı?has he leaned? | alaqıysayıbmıdıla?have they leaned? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıysayıb turamaI keep leaning | senqıysayıb turasayou keep leaning | olqıysayıb turadıhe keeps leaning | bizqıysayıb turabızwe keep leaning | sizqıysayıb turasızyou all keep leaning | alaqıysayıb turadılathey keep leaning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıysayıb turmaymaI don't keep leaning | senqıysayıb turmaysayou don't keep leaning | olqıysayıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep leaning | bizqıysayıb turmaybızwe don't keep leaning | sizqıysayıb turmaysızyou all don't keep leaning | alaqıysayıb turmaydılathey don't keep leaning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıysayıb turamamı? qıysayıb turamıma?do I keep leaning? | senqıysayıb turamısa?do you keep leaning? | olqıysayıb turamıdı?does he keep leaning? | bizqıysayıb turabızmı? qıysayıb turamıbız?do we keep leaning? | sizqıysayıb turamısız?do you all keep leaning? | alaqıysayıb turamıdıla?do they keep leaning? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıysayıb turmaymamı? qıysayıb turmaymıma?don't I keep leaning? | senqıysayıb turmaymısa?don't you keep leaning? | olqıysayıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep leaning? | bizqıysayıb turmaybızmı? qıysayıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep leaning? | sizqıysayıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep leaning? | alaqıysayıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep leaning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıysaya turamaI am in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya turasayou are in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya turadıhe is in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya turabızwe are in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya turasızyou all are in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya turadılathey are in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıysaya turmaymaI am not in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya turmaysayou are not in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıysaya turamamı? qıysaya turamıma?am I in the middle of leaning? | senqıysaya turamısa?are you in the middle of leaning? | olqıysaya turamıdı?is he in the middle of leaning? | bizqıysaya turabızmı? qıysaya turamıbız?are we in the middle of leaning? | sizqıysaya turamısız?are you all in the middle of leaning? | alaqıysaya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of leaning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıysaya turmaymamı? qıysaya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of leaning? | senqıysaya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of leaning? | olqıysaya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of leaning? | bizqıysaya turmaybızmı? qıysaya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of leaning? | sizqıysaya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of leaning? | alaqıysaya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of leaning? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıysaydımI leaned | senqıysaydıŋyou leaned | olqıysaydıhe leaned | bizqıysaydıqwe leaned | sizqıysaydığızyou all leaned | alaqıysaydılathey leaned |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıysaymadımI didn't lean | senqıysaymadıŋyou didn't lean | olqıysaymadıhe didn't lean | bizqıysaymadıqwe didn't lean | sizqıysaymadığızyou all didn't lean | alaqıysaymadılathey didn't lean |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıysaydımmı?did I lean? | senqıysaydıŋmı?did you lean? | olqıysaydımı?did he lean? | bizqıysaydıqmı?did we lean? | sizqıysaydığızmı?did you all lean? | alaqıysaydılamı?did they lean? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıysaymadımmı?didn't I lean? | senqıysaymadıŋmı?didn't you lean? | olqıysaymadımı?didn't he lean? | bizqıysaymadıqmı?didn't we lean? | sizqıysaymadığızmı?didn't you all lean? | alaqıysaymadılamı?didn't they lean? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıysayğanmaI have leaned | senqıysayğansayou have leaned | olqıysayğandıhe has leaned | bizqıysayğanbızwe have leaned | sizqıysayğansızyou all have leaned | alaqıysayğandılathey have leaned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıysaymağanmaI haven't leaned | senqıysaymağansayou haven't leaned | olqıysaymağandıhe hasn't leaned | bizqıysaymağanbızwe haven't leaned | sizqıysaymağansızyou all haven't leaned | alaqıysaymağandılathey haven't leaned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıysayğanmamı? qıysayğanmıma?have I leaned? | senqıysayğanmısa?have you leaned? | olqıysayğanmıdı?has he leaned? | bizqıysayğanbızmı? qıysayğanmıbız?have we leaned? | sizqıysayğanmısız?have you all leaned? | alaqıysayğanmıdıla?have they leaned? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıysaymağanmamı? qıysaymağanmıma?haven't I leaned? | senqıysaymağanmısa?haven't you leaned? | olqıysaymağanmıdı?hasn't he leaned? | bizqıysaymağanbızmı? qıysaymağanmıbız?haven't we leaned? | sizqıysaymağanmısız?haven't you all leaned? | alaqıysaymağanmıdıla?haven't they leaned? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıysayıb turdumI kept leaning | senqıysayıb turduŋyou kept leaning | olqıysayıb turduhe kept leaning | bizqıysayıb turduqwe kept leaning | sizqıysayıb turduğuzyou all kept leaning | alaqıysayıb turdulathey kept leaning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıysayıb turmadımI didn't keep leaning | senqıysayıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep leaning | olqıysayıb turmadıhe didn't keep leaning | bizqıysayıb turmadıqwe didn't keep leaning | sizqıysayıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep leaning | alaqıysayıb turmadılathey didn't keep leaning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıysayırmaI will lean | senqıysayırsayou will lean | olqıysayırhe will lean | bizqıysayırbızwe will lean | sizqıysayırsızyou all will lean | alaqıysayırlathey will lean |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıysaymazmaI won't lean | senqıysaymazsayou won't lean | olqıysaymazhe won't lean | bizqıysaymazbızwe won't lean | sizqıysaymazsızyou all won't lean | alaqıysaymazlathey won't lean |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıysayırmamı? qıysayırmıma?will I lean? | senqıysayırmısa?will you lean? | olqıysayırmı?will he lean? | bizqıysayırbızmı? qıysayırmıbız?will we lean? | sizqıysayırmısız?will you all lean? | alaqıysayırlamı? qıysayırmıla?will they lean? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıysaymazmamı? qıysaymazmıma?won't I lean? | senqıysaymazmısa?won't you lean? | olqıysaymazmı?won't he lean? | bizqıysaymazbızmı? qıysaymazmıbız?won't we lean? | sizqıysaymazmısız?won't you all lean? | alaqıysaymazlamı? qıysaymazmıla?won't they lean? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıysayırıqmaI am going to lean | senqıysayırıqsayou are going to lean | olqıysayırıqdıhe is going to lean | bizqıysayırıqbızwe are going to lean | sizqıysayırıqsızyou all are going to lean | alaqıysayırıqdılathey are going to lean |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıysayırıq tülmeI am not going to lean | senqıysayırıq tülseyou are not going to lean | olqıysayırıq tüldühe is not going to lean | bizqıysayırıq tülbüzwe are not going to lean | sizqıysayırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to lean | alaqıysayırıq tüldülethey are not going to lean |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıysayırıqmamı? qıysayırıqmıma?am I going to lean? | senqıysayırıqmısa?are you going to lean? | olqıysayırıqmıdı?is he going to lean? | bizqıysayırıqbızmı? qıysayırıqmıbız?are we going to lean? | sizqıysayırıqmısız?are you all going to lean? | alaqıysayırıqmıdıla?are they going to lean? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıysayırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to lean? | senqıysayırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to lean? | olqıysayırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to lean? | bizqıysayırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to lean? | sizqıysayırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to lean? | alaqıysayırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to lean? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıysayğan edimqıysayğanemI had leaned | senqıysayğan ediŋqıysayğaneŋyou had leaned | olqıysayğan ediqıysayğanedhe had leaned | bizqıysayğan edikqıysayğanekwe had leaned | sizqıysayğan edigizqıysayğanegizyou all had leaned | alaqıysayğan edileqıysayğanellethey had leaned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıysaymağan edimqıysaymağanemI hadn't leaned | senqıysaymağan ediŋqıysaymağaneŋyou hadn't leaned | olqıysaymağan ediqıysaymağanedhe hadn't leaned | bizqıysaymağan edikqıysaymağanekwe hadn't leaned | sizqıysaymağan edigizqıysaymağanegizyou all hadn't leaned | alaqıysaymağan edileqıysaymağanellethey hadn't leaned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıysaya edimqıysayaemI was leaning | senqıysaya ediŋqıysayaeŋyou were leaning | olqıysaya ediqıysayaedhe was leaning | bizqıysaya edikqıysayaekwe were leaning | sizqıysaya edigizqıysayaegizyou all were leaning | alaqıysaya edileqıysayaellethey were leaning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıysaymay edimqıysaymayemI wasn't leaning | senqıysaymay ediŋqıysaymayeŋyou weren't leaning | olqıysaymay ediqıysaymayedhe wasn't leaning | bizqıysaymay edikqıysaymayekwe weren't leaning | sizqıysaymay edigizqıysaymayegizyou all weren't leaning | alaqıysaymay edileqıysaymayellethey weren't leaning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıysayıwçan edimqıysayıwçanemI used to lean | senqıysayıwçan ediŋqıysayıwçaneŋyou used to lean | olqıysayıwçan ediqıysayıwçanedhe used to lean | bizqıysayıwçan edikqıysayıwçanekwe used to lean | sizqıysayıwçan edigizqıysayıwçanegizyou all used to lean | alaqıysayıwçan edileqıysayıwçanellethey used to lean |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıysaymawçan edimqıysaymawçanemI didn't use to lean | senqıysaymawçan ediŋqıysaymawçaneŋyou didn't use to lean | olqıysaymawçan ediqıysaymawçanedhe didn't use to lean | bizqıysaymawçan edikqıysaymawçanekwe didn't use to lean | sizqıysaymawçan edigizqıysaymawçanegizyou all didn't use to lean | alaqıysaymawçan edileqıysaymawçanellethey didn't use to lean |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıysayıb edihe had leaned and remained so | alaqıysayıb edilethey had leaned and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıysayıb tül edihe hadn't leaned | alaqıysayıb tül edilethey hadn't leaned | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıysayıb tura edimqıysayıb turaemI had kept leaning | senqıysayıb tura ediŋqıysayıb turaeŋyou had kept leaning | olqıysayıb tura ediqıysayıb turaedhe had kept leaning | bizqıysayıb tura edikqıysayıb turaekwe had kept leaning | sizqıysayıb tura edigizqıysayıb turaegizyou all had kept leaning | alaqıysayıb tura edileqıysayıb turaellethey had kept leaning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıysayıb turmay edimqıysayıb turmayemI hadn't kept leaning | senqıysayıb turmay ediŋqıysayıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept leaning | olqıysayıb turmay ediqıysayıb turmayedhe hadn't kept leaning | bizqıysayıb turmay edikqıysayıb turmayekwe hadn't kept leaning | sizqıysayıb turmay edigizqıysayıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept leaning | alaqıysayıb turmay edileqıysayıb turmayellethey hadn't kept leaning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıysaya tura edimqıysaya turaemI was in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya tura ediŋqıysaya turaeŋyou were in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya tura ediqıysaya turaedhe was in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya tura edikqıysaya turaekwe were in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya tura edigizqıysaya turaegizyou all were in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya tura edileqıysaya turaellethey were in the middle of leaning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıysaya turmay edimqıysaya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya turmay ediŋqıysaya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya turmay ediqıysaya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya turmay edikqıysaya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya turmay edigizqıysaya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya turmay edileqıysaya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of leaning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqıysayır edimqıysayır emI would lean | senqıysayır ediŋqıysayır eŋyou would lean | olqıysayır ediqıysayır edhe would lean | bizqıysayır edikqıysayır ekwe would lean | sizqıysayır edigizqıysayır egizyou all would lean | alaqıysayır edileqıysayır ellethey would lean |
| Conditional result (would) | menqıysaymaz edimqıysaymaz emI wouldn't lean | senqıysaymaz ediŋqıysaymaz eŋyou wouldn't lean | olqıysaymaz ediqıysaymaz edhe wouldn't lean | bizqıysaymaz edikqıysaymaz ekwe wouldn't lean | sizqıysaymaz edigizqıysaymaz egizyou all wouldn't lean | alaqıysaymaz edileqıysaymaz ellethey wouldn't lean |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıysayırıq edimqıysayırıq emI would have leaned | senqıysayırıq ediŋqıysayırıq eŋyou would have leaned | olqıysayırıq ediqıysayırıq edhe would have leaned | bizqıysayırıq edikqıysayırıq ekwe would have leaned | sizqıysayırıq edigizqıysayırıq egizyou all would have leaned | alaqıysayırıq edileqıysayırıq ellethey would have leaned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıysayırıq tül edimqıysayırıq tül emI wouldn't have leaned | senqıysayırıq tül ediŋqıysayırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have leaned | olqıysayırıq tül ediqıysayırıq tül edhe wouldn't have leaned | bizqıysayırıq tül edikqıysayırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have leaned | sizqıysayırıq tül edigizqıysayırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have leaned | alaqıysayırıq tül edileqıysayırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have leaned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqıysaysamif I lean | senqıysaysaŋif you lean | olqıysaysaif he leans | bizqıysaysaqif we lean | sizqıysaysağızif you all lean | alaqıysaysalaif they lean |
| Conditional | menqıysaymasamif I don't lean | senqıysaymasaŋif you don't lean | olqıysaymasaif he doesn't lean | bizqıysaymasaqif we don't lean | sizqıysaymasağızif you all don't lean | alaqıysaymasalaif they don't lean |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqıysaya esemif I am leaning | senqıysaya eseŋif you are leaning | olqıysaya eseif he is leaning | bizqıysaya esekif we are leaning | sizqıysaya esegizif you all are leaning | alaqıysaya eseleif they are leaning |
| Conditional, present real | menqıysaymay esemif I am not leaning | senqıysaymay eseŋif you are not leaning | olqıysaymay eseif he is not leaning | bizqıysaymay esekif we are not leaning | sizqıysaymay esegizif you all are not leaning | alaqıysaymay eseleif they are not leaning |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıysaysam ediqıysaysam edif only I leaned | senqıysaysaŋ ediqıysaysaŋ edif only you leaned | olqıysaysa ediqıysaysaedif only he leaned | bizqıysaysaq ediqıysaysaq edif only we leaned | sizqıysaysağız ediqıysaysağız edif only you all leaned | alaqıysaysala ediqıysaysalaedif only they leaned |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıysaymasam ediqıysaymasam edif only I didn't lean | senqıysaymasaŋ ediqıysaymasaŋ edif only you didn't lean | olqıysaymasa ediqıysaymasaedif only he didn't lean | bizqıysaymasaq ediqıysaymasaq edif only we didn't lean | sizqıysaymasağız ediqıysaymasağız edif only you all didn't lean | alaqıysaymasala ediqıysaymasalaedif only they didn't lean |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqıysayıb tursamif I carry on leaning | senqıysayıb tursaŋif you carry on leaning | olqıysayıb tursaif he carries on leaning | bizqıysayıb tursaqif we carry on leaning | sizqıysayıb tursağızif you all carry on leaning | alaqıysayıb tursalaif they carry on leaning |
| Durative conditional | menqıysayıb turmasamif I don't carry on leaning | senqıysayıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on leaning | olqıysayıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on leaning | bizqıysayıb turmasaqif we don't carry on leaning | sizqıysayıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on leaning | alaqıysayıb turmasalaif they don't carry on leaning |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıysayıb tura esemif I have kept leaning | senqıysayıb tura eseŋif you have kept leaning | olqıysayıb tura eseif he has kept leaning | bizqıysayıb tura esekif we have kept leaning | sizqıysayıb tura esegizif you all have kept leaning | alaqıysayıb tura eseleif they have kept leaning |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıysayıb turmay esemif I haven't kept leaning | senqıysayıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept leaning | olqıysayıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept leaning | bizqıysayıb turmay esekif we haven't kept leaning | sizqıysayıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept leaning | alaqıysayıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept leaning |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqıysaya tursamif I keep leaning | senqıysaya tursaŋif you keep leaning | olqıysaya tursaif he keeps leaning | bizqıysaya tursaqif we keep leaning | sizqıysaya tursağızif you all keep leaning | alaqıysaya tursalaif they keep leaning |
| Progressive conditional | menqıysaymay tursamif I keep on not leaning | senqıysaymay tursaŋif you keep on not leaning | olqıysaymay tursaif he keeps on not leaning | bizqıysaymay tursaqif we keep on not leaning | sizqıysaymay tursağızif you all keep on not leaning | alaqıysaymay tursalaif they keep on not leaning |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıysaya tura esemif I am in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya tura eseif he is in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya tura esekif we are in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya tura eseleif they are in the middle of leaning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıysaymay tura esemif I keep on not leaning | senqıysaymay tura eseŋif you keep on not leaning | olqıysaymay tura eseif he keeps on not leaning | bizqıysaymay tura esekif we keep on not leaning | sizqıysaymay tura esegizif you all keep on not leaning | alaqıysaymay tura eseleif they keep on not leaning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıysaydım esemif I leaned | senqıysaydıŋ eseŋif you leaned | olqıysaydı eseif he leaned | bizqıysaydıq esekif we leaned | sizqıysaydığız esegizif you all leaned | alaqıysaydıla eseleif they leaned |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıysaymadım esemif I didn't lean | senqıysaymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't lean | olqıysaymadı eseif he didn't lean | bizqıysaymadıq esekif we didn't lean | sizqıysaymadığız esegizif you all didn't lean | alaqıysaymadıla eseleif they didn't lean |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqıysayğan esemif I did lean (indeed) | senqıysayğan eseŋif you did lean (indeed) | olqıysayğan eseif he did lean (indeed) | bizqıysayğan esekif we did lean (indeed) | sizqıysayğan esegizif you all did lean (indeed) | alaqıysayğan eseleif they did lean (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqıysaymağan esemif I didn't lean (indeed) | senqıysaymağan eseŋif you didn't lean (indeed) | olqıysaymağan eseif he didn't lean (indeed) | bizqıysaymağan esekif we didn't lean (indeed) | sizqıysaymağan esegizif you all didn't lean (indeed) | alaqıysaymağan eseleif they didn't lean (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıysayğan bolsamif I had leaned | senqıysayğan bolsaŋif you had leaned | olqıysayğan bolsaif he had leaned | bizqıysayğan bolsaqif we had leaned | sizqıysayğan bolsağızif you all had leaned | alaqıysayğan bolsalaif they had leaned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıysaymağan bolsamif I hadn't leaned | senqıysaymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't leaned | olqıysaymağan bolsaif he hadn't leaned | bizqıysaymağan bolsaqif we hadn't leaned | sizqıysaymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't leaned | alaqıysaymağan bolsalaif they hadn't leaned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıysayğan bolsam ediqıysayğan bolsam edif only I had leaned | senqıysayğan bolsaŋ ediqıysayğan bolsaŋ edif only you had leaned | olqıysayğan bolsa ediqıysayğan bolsaedif only he had leaned | bizqıysayğan bolsaq ediqıysayğan bolsaq edif only we had leaned | sizqıysayğan bolsağız ediqıysayğan bolsağız edif only you all had leaned | alaqıysayğan bolsala ediqıysayğan bolsalaedif only they had leaned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıysaymağan bolsam ediqıysaymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't leaned | senqıysaymağan bolsaŋ ediqıysaymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't leaned | olqıysaymağan bolsa ediqıysaymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't leaned | bizqıysaymağan bolsaq ediqıysaymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't leaned | sizqıysaymağan bolsağız ediqıysaymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't leaned | alaqıysaymağan bolsala ediqıysaymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't leaned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqıysayır esemif I will lean | senqıysayır eseŋif you will lean | olqıysayır eseif he will lean | bizqıysayır esekif we will lean | sizqıysayır esegizif you all will lean | alaqıysayır eseleif they will lean |
| Conditional, aorist | menqıysaymaz esemif I won't lean | senqıysaymaz eseŋif you won't lean | olqıysaymaz eseif he won't lean | bizqıysaymaz esekif we won't lean | sizqıysaymaz esegizif you all won't lean | alaqıysaymaz eseleif they won't lean |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqıysayırıq esemif I am going to lean | senqıysayırıq eseŋif you are going to lean | olqıysayırıq eseif he is going to lean | bizqıysayırıq esekif we are going to lean | sizqıysayırıq esegizif you all are going to lean | alaqıysayırıq eseleif they are going to lean |
| Conditional, future | menqıysayırıq tül esemif I am not going to lean | senqıysayırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to lean | olqıysayırıq tül eseif he is not going to lean | bizqıysayırıq tül esekif we are not going to lean | sizqıysayırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to lean | alaqıysayırıq tül eseleif they are not going to lean |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıysayırıq bolsamif I were going to lean | senqıysayırıq bolsaŋif you were going to lean | olqıysayırıq bolsaif he were going to lean | bizqıysayırıq bolsaqif we were going to lean | sizqıysayırıq bolsağızif you all were going to lean | alaqıysayırıq bolsalaif they were going to lean |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıysaymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to lean | senqıysaymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to lean | olqıysaymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to lean | bizqıysaymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to lean | sizqıysaymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to lean | alaqıysaymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to lean |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qıysaydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıysaya bolurmaI must be leaning | senqıysaya bolursayou must be leaning | olqıysaya bolurhe must be leaning | bizqıysaya bolurbuzwe must be leaning | sizqıysaya bolursuzyou all must be leaning | alaqıysaya bolurlathey must be leaning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıysaymay bolurmaI must not be leaning | senqıysaymay bolursayou must not be leaning | olqıysaymay bolurhe must not be leaning | bizqıysaymay bolurbuzwe must not be leaning | sizqıysaymay bolursuzyou all must not be leaning | alaqıysaymay bolurlathey must not be leaning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıysaya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of leaning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıysaymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not leaning | senqıysaymay tura bolursayou must keep on not leaning | olqıysaymay tura bolurhe must keep on not leaning | bizqıysaymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not leaning | sizqıysaymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not leaning | alaqıysaymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not leaning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqıysayğan bolurmaI must have leaned | senqıysayğan bolursayou must have leaned | olqıysayğan bolurhe must have leaned | bizqıysayğan bolurbuzwe must have leaned | sizqıysayğan bolursuzyou all must have leaned | alaqıysayğan bolurlathey must have leaned |
| Inference (must have) | menqıysaymağan bolurmaI must not have leaned | senqıysaymağan bolursayou must not have leaned | olqıysaymağan bolurhe must not have leaned | bizqıysaymağan bolurbuzwe must not have leaned | sizqıysaymağan bolursuzyou all must not have leaned | alaqıysaymağan bolurlathey must not have leaned |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıysayırıq bolurmaI must be going to lean | senqıysayırıq bolursayou must be going to lean | olqıysayırıq bolurhe must be going to lean | bizqıysayırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to lean | sizqıysayırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to lean | alaqıysayırıq bolurlathey must be going to lean |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıysaymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to lean | senqıysaymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to lean | olqıysaymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to lean | bizqıysaymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to lean | sizqıysaymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to lean | alaqıysaymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to lean |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqıysayayımlet me lean | senqıysay!lean! | olqıysaysınlet him lean | bizqıysayayıqlet's lean | sizqıysayığız!lean, you all! | alaqıysaysınlalet them lean |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıysaymayımlet me not lean | senqıysayma!don't lean! | olqıysaymasınlet him not lean | bizqıysaymayıqlet's not lean | sizqıysaymağız!don't lean, you all! | alaqıysaymasınlalet them not lean |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıysayayımmı?shall I lean? | olqıysaysınmı?should he lean? | bizqıysayayıqmı?shall we lean? | alaqıysaysınlamı?should they lean? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqıysaymayımmı?shall I not lean? | olqıysaymasınmı?should he not lean? | bizqıysaymayıqmı?shall we not lean? | alaqıysaymasınlamı?should they not lean? | ||
| Requests | senqıysayçı2qıysayçınplease lean | olqıysaysınçıdo let him lean | sizqıysayçığızplease lean (plural/polite) | alaqıysaysınlaçıdo let them lean | ||
| Requests | senqıysaymaçı2qıysaymaçınplease don't lean | olqıysaymasınçıdo let him not lean | sizqıysaymaçığızplease don't lean (plural/polite) | alaqıysaymasınlaçıdo let them not lean | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıysayğınqıysayğımay you lean | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıysaymağınqıysaymağımay you not lean | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıysayğay edim qıysayğa edimwould that I leaned | senqıysayğay ediŋ qıysayğa ediŋwould that you leaned | olqıysayğay edi qıysayğa ediwould that he leaned | bizqıysayğay edik qıysayğa edikwould that we leaned | sizqıysayğay edigiz qıysayğa edigizwould that you all leaned | alaqıysayğay edile qıysayğa edilewould that they leaned |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıysaymağay edim qıysaymağa edimwould that I did not lean | senqıysaymağay ediŋ qıysaymağa ediŋwould that you did not lean | olqıysaymağay edi qıysaymağa ediwould that he did not lean | bizqıysaymağay edik qıysaymağa edikwould that we did not lean | sizqıysaymağay edigiz qıysaymağa edigizwould that you all did not lean | alaqıysaymağay edile qıysaymağa edilewould that they did not lean |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıysaymağa qoyayımqıysayma qoyayımlet me allow someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoy!qıysayma qoy!let someone lean! | olqıysaymağa qoysunqıysayma qoysunlet him allow someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoyayıqqıysayma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoyuğuz!qıysayma qoyuğuz!let someone lean, you all! | alaqıysaymağa qoysunlaqıysayma qoysunlalet them allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıysaymağa qoymayımqıysayma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoyma!qıysayma qoyma!don't let someone lean! | olqıysaymağa qoymasınqıysayma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoymayıqqıysayma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoymağız!qıysayma qoymağız!don't let someone lean, you all! | alaqıysaymağa qoymasınlaqıysayma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıysaymağa qoyayımmı?qıysayma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoysunmu?qıysayma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoyayıqmı?qıysayma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoysunlamı?qıysayma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to lean? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıysaymağa qoymayımmı?qıysayma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoymasınmı?qıysayma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoymayıqmı?qıysayma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoymasınlamı?qıysayma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to lean? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqıysaymağa qoyamaqıysayma qoyamaI allow someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoyasaqıysayma qoyasayou allow someone to lean | olqıysaymağa qoyadıqıysayma qoyadıhe allows someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoyabızqıysayma qoyabızwe allow someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoyasızqıysayma qoyasızyou all allow someone to lean | alaqıysaymağa qoyadılaqıysayma qoyadılathey allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıysaymağa qoymaymaqıysayma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoymaysaqıysayma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to lean | olqıysaymağa qoymaydıqıysayma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoymaybızqıysayma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoymaysızqıysayma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to lean | alaqıysaymağa qoymaydılaqıysayma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıysaymağa qoyamamı?qıysayma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to lean? | senqıysaymağa qoyamısa?qıysayma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoyamıdı?qıysayma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoyabızmı?qıysayma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to lean? | sizqıysaymağa qoyamısız?qıysayma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoyamıdıla?qıysayma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıysaymağa qoymaymamı?qıysayma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to lean? | senqıysaymağa qoymaymısa?qıysayma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoymaymıdı?qıysayma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoymaybızmı?qıysayma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to lean? | sizqıysaymağa qoymaymısız?qıysayma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoymaymıdıla?qıysayma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıysaymağa qoydumqıysayma qoydumI allowed someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoyduŋqıysayma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to lean | olqıysaymağa qoyduqıysayma qoyduhe allowed someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoyduqqıysayma qoyduqwe allowed someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoyduğuzqıysayma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to lean | alaqıysaymağa qoydulaqıysayma qoydulathey allowed someone to lean |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıysaymağa qoymadımqıysayma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to lean | senqıysaymağa qoymadıŋqıysayma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to lean | olqıysaymağa qoymadıqıysayma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to lean | bizqıysaymağa qoymadıqqıysayma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to lean | sizqıysaymağa qoymadığızqıysayma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to lean | alaqıysaymağa qoymadılaqıysayma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to lean |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıysaymağa qoydummu?qıysayma qoydummu?did I allow someone to lean? | senqıysaymağa qoyduŋmu?qıysayma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoydumu?qıysayma qoydumu?did he allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoyduqmu?qıysayma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to lean? | sizqıysaymağa qoyduğuzmu?qıysayma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoydulamı?qıysayma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to lean? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıysaymağa qoymadımmı?qıysayma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to lean? | senqıysaymağa qoymadıŋmı?qıysayma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to lean? | olqıysaymağa qoymadımı?qıysayma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to lean? | bizqıysaymağa qoymadıqmı?qıysayma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to lean? | sizqıysaymağa qoymadığızmı?qıysayma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to lean? | alaqıysaymağa qoymadılamı?qıysayma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to lean? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqıysayalamaI can lean | senqıysayalasayou can lean | olqıysayaladıhe can lean | bizqıysayalabızwe can lean | sizqıysayalasızyou all can lean | alaqıysayaladılathey can lean |
| Ability — present | menqıysayalmaymaI can't lean | senqıysayalmaysayou can't lean | olqıysayalmaydıhe can't lean | bizqıysayalmaybızwe can't lean | sizqıysayalmaysızyou all can't lean | alaqıysayalmaydılathey can't lean |
| Ability — present | menqıysayalamamı? qıysayalamıma?can I lean? | senqıysayalamısa?can you lean? | olqıysayalamıdı?can he lean? | bizqıysayalabızmı? qıysayalamıbız?can we lean? | sizqıysayalamısız?can you all lean? | alaqıysayalamıdıla?can they lean? |
| Ability — present | menqıysayalmaymamı? qıysayalmaymıma?can't I lean? | senqıysayalmaymısa?can't you lean? | olqıysayalmaymıdı?can't he lean? | bizqıysayalmaybızmı? qıysayalmaymıbız?can't we lean? | sizqıysayalmaymısız?can't you all lean? | alaqıysayalmaymıdıla?can't they lean? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıysayalsamif I can lean | senqıysayalsaŋif you can lean | olqıysayalsaif he can lean | bizqıysayalsaqif we can lean | sizqıysayalsağızif you all can lean | alaqıysayalsalaif they can lean |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıysayalmasamif I can't lean | senqıysayalmasaŋif you can't lean | olqıysayalmasaif he can't lean | bizqıysayalmasaqif we can't lean | sizqıysayalmasağızif you all can't lean | alaqıysayalmasalaif they can't lean |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqıysayaldımI was able to lean | senqıysayaldıŋyou were able to lean | olqıysayaldıhe was able to lean | bizqıysayaldıqwe were able to lean | sizqıysayaldığızyou all were able to lean | alaqıysayaldılathey were able to lean |
| Ability — simple past | menqıysayalmadımI could not lean | senqıysayalmadıŋyou could not lean | olqıysayalmadıhe could not lean | bizqıysayalmadıqwe could not lean | sizqıysayalmadığızyou all could not lean | alaqıysayalmadılathey could not lean |
| Ability — simple past | menqıysayaldımmı?was I able to lean? | senqıysayaldıŋmı?were you able to lean? | olqıysayaldımı?was he able to lean? | bizqıysayaldıqmı?were we able to lean? | sizqıysayaldığızmı?were you all able to lean? | alaqıysayaldılamı?were they able to lean? |
| Ability — simple past | menqıysayalmadımmı?couldn't I lean? | senqıysayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you lean? | olqıysayalmadımı?couldn't he lean? | bizqıysayalmadıqmı?couldn't we lean? | sizqıysayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all lean? | alaqıysayalmadılamı?couldn't they lean? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıysayalğanmaI have been able to lean | senqıysayalğansayou have been able to lean | olqıysayalğandıhe has been able to lean | bizqıysayalğanbızwe have been able to lean | sizqıysayalğansızyou all have been able to lean | alaqıysayalğandılathey have been able to lean |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıysayalmağanmaI haven't been able to lean | senqıysayalmağansayou haven't been able to lean | olqıysayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to lean | bizqıysayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to lean | sizqıysayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to lean | alaqıysayalmağandılathey haven't been able to lean |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıysayalğanmamı? qıysayalğanmıma?have I been able to lean? | senqıysayalğanmısa?have you been able to lean? | olqıysayalğanmıdı?has he been able to lean? | bizqıysayalğanbızmı? qıysayalğanmıbız?have we been able to lean? | sizqıysayalğanmısız?have you all been able to lean? | alaqıysayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to lean? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıysayalmağanmamı? qıysayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to lean? | senqıysayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to lean? | olqıysayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to lean? | bizqıysayalmağanbızmı? qıysayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to lean? | sizqıysayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to lean? | alaqıysayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to lean? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıysayalğan edimqıysayalğanemI had been able to lean | senqıysayalğan ediŋqıysayalğaneŋyou had been able to lean | olqıysayalğan ediqıysayalğanedhe had been able to lean | bizqıysayalğan edikqıysayalğanekwe had been able to lean | sizqıysayalğan edigizqıysayalğanegizyou all had been able to lean | alaqıysayalğan edileqıysayalğanellethey had been able to lean |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıysayalmağan edimqıysayalmağanemI hadn't been able to lean | senqıysayalmağan ediŋqıysayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to lean | olqıysayalmağan ediqıysayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to lean | bizqıysayalmağan edikqıysayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to lean | sizqıysayalmağan edigizqıysayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to lean | alaqıysayalmağan edileqıysayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to lean |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqıysayala edimqıysayalaemI could lean | senqıysayala ediŋqıysayalaeŋyou could lean | olqıysayala ediqıysayalaedhe could lean | bizqıysayala edikqıysayalaekwe could lean | sizqıysayala edigizqıysayalaegizyou all could lean | alaqıysayala edileqıysayalaellethey could lean |
| Ability — past background | menqıysayalmay edimqıysayalmayemI could not lean | senqıysayalmay ediŋqıysayalmayeŋyou could not lean | olqıysayalmay ediqıysayalmayedhe could not lean | bizqıysayalmay edikqıysayalmayekwe could not lean | sizqıysayalmay edigizqıysayalmayegizyou all could not lean | alaqıysayalmay edileqıysayalmayellethey could not lean |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqıysayalırmaI will be able to lean | senqıysayalırsayou will be able to lean | olqıysayalırhe will be able to lean | bizqıysayalırbızwe will be able to lean | sizqıysayalırsızyou all will be able to lean | alaqıysayalırlathey will be able to lean |
| Ability — future I | menqıysayalmazmaI won't be able to lean | senqıysayalmazsayou won't be able to lean | olqıysayalmazhe won't be able to lean | bizqıysayalmazbızwe won't be able to lean | sizqıysayalmazsızyou all won't be able to lean | alaqıysayalmazlathey won't be able to lean |
| Ability — future I | menqıysayalırmamı? qıysayalırmıma?will I be able to lean? | senqıysayalırmısa?will you be able to lean? | olqıysayalırmı?will he be able to lean? | bizqıysayalırbızmı? qıysayalırmıbız?will we be able to lean? | sizqıysayalırmısız?will you all be able to lean? | alaqıysayalırlamı? qıysayalırmıla?will they be able to lean? |
| Ability — future I | menqıysayalmazmamı? qıysayalmazmıma?won't I be able to lean? | senqıysayalmazmısa?won't you be able to lean? | olqıysayalmazmı?won't he be able to lean? | bizqıysayalmazbızmı? qıysayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to lean? | sizqıysayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to lean? | alaqıysayalmazlamı? qıysayalmazmıla?won't they be able to lean? |
| Ability — future II | menqıysayallıqmaI am going to be able to lean | senqıysayallıqsayou are going to be able to lean | olqıysayallıqdıhe is going to be able to lean | bizqıysayallıqbızwe are going to be able to lean | sizqıysayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to lean | alaqıysayallıqdılathey are going to be able to lean |
| Ability — future II | menqıysayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to lean | senqıysayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to lean | olqıysayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to lean | bizqıysayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to lean | sizqıysayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to lean | alaqıysayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to lean |
| Ability — future II | menqıysayallıqmamı? qıysayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to lean? | senqıysayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to lean? | olqıysayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to lean? | bizqıysayallıqbızmı? qıysayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to lean? | sizqıysayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to lean? | alaqıysayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to lean? |
| Ability — future II | menqıysayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to lean? | senqıysayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to lean? | olqıysayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to lean? | bizqıysayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to lean? | sizqıysayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to lean? | alaqıysayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to lean? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıysayalır edimqıysayalır emI would be able to lean | senqıysayalır ediŋqıysayalır eŋyou would be able to lean | olqıysayalır ediqıysayalır edhe would be able to lean | bizqıysayalır edikqıysayalır ekwe would be able to lean | sizqıysayalır edigizqıysayalır egizyou all would be able to lean | alaqıysayalır edileqıysayalır ellethey would be able to lean |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıysayalmaz edimqıysayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to lean | senqıysayalmaz ediŋqıysayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to lean | olqıysayalmaz ediqıysayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to lean | bizqıysayalmaz edikqıysayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to lean | sizqıysayalmaz edigizqıysayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to lean | alaqıysayalmaz edileqıysayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to lean |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıysayalğınqıysayalğımay you be able to lean | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıysayalmağınqıysayalmağımay you not be able to lean | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqıysayırğa izleymeI want to lean | senqıysayırğa izleyseyou want to lean | olqıysayırğa izleydihe wants to lean | bizqıysayırğa izleybizwe want to lean | sizqıysayırğa izleysizyou all want to lean | alaqıysayırğa izleydilethey want to lean |
| want to | menqıysayırğa izlemeymeI do not want to lean | senqıysayırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to lean | olqıysayırğa izlemeydihe does not want to lean | bizqıysayırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to lean | sizqıysayırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to lean | alaqıysayırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to lean |
| would like to | menqıysayırğa süemeI would like to lean | senqıysayırğa süeseyou would like to lean | olqıysayırğa süedihe would like to lean | bizqıysayırğa süebizwe would like to lean | sizqıysayırğa süesizyou all would like to lean | alaqıysayırğa süedilethey would like to lean |
| would like to | menqıysayırğa süymeymeI would not like to lean | senqıysayırğa süymeyseyou would not like to lean | olqıysayırğa süymeydihe would not like to lean | bizqıysayırğa süymeybizwe would not like to lean | sizqıysayırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to lean | alaqıysayırğa süymeydilethey would not like to lean |
| hope to | menqıysayırğa umutlanamaI hope to lean | senqıysayırğa umutlanasayou hope to lean | olqıysayırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to lean | bizqıysayırğa umutlanabızwe hope to lean | sizqıysayırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to lean | alaqıysayırğa umutlanadılathey hope to lean |
| hope to | menqıysayırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to lean | senqıysayırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to lean | olqıysayırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to lean | bizqıysayırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to lean | sizqıysayırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to lean | alaqıysayırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to lean |
| be about to | menqıysayırğa deb turamaI am about to lean | senqıysayırğa deb turasayou are about to lean | olqıysayırğa deb turadıhe is about to lean | bizqıysayırğa deb turabızwe are about to lean | sizqıysayırğa deb turasızyou all are about to lean | alaqıysayırğa deb turadılathey are about to lean |
| be about to | menqıysayırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to lean | senqıysayırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to lean | olqıysayırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to lean | bizqıysayırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to lean | sizqıysayırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to lean | alaqıysayırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to lean |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqıysayırğa kerekmeI need to lean | senqıysayırğa kerekseyou need to lean | olqıysayırğa kerekdihe needs to lean | bizqıysayırğa kerekbizwe need to lean | sizqıysayırğa kereksizyou all need to lean | alaqıysayırğa kerekdilethey need to lean |
| need to | menqıysayırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to lean | senqıysayırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to lean | olqıysayırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to lean | bizqıysayırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to lean | sizqıysayırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to lean | alaqıysayırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to lean |
| have to | menmenŋe qıysayırğa tüşediI have to lean | sensenŋe qıysayırğa tüşediyou have to lean | olaŋa qıysayırğa tüşedihe has to lean | bizbizge qıysayırğa tüşediwe have to lean | sizsizge qıysayırğa tüşediyou all have to lean | alaalağa qıysayırğa tüşedithey have to lean |
| have to | menmenŋe qıysayırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to lean | sensenŋe qıysayırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to lean | olaŋa qıysayırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to lean | bizbizge qıysayırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to lean | sizsizge qıysayırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to lean | alaalağa qıysayırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to lean |
| be obliged to | menqıysayırğa borçlumaI am obliged to lean | senqıysayırğa borçlusayou are obliged to lean | olqıysayırğa borçluduhe is obliged to lean | bizqıysayırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to lean | sizqıysayırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to lean | alaqıysayırğa borçludulathey are obliged to lean |
| be obliged to | menqıysayırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to lean | senqıysayırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to lean | olqıysayırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to lean | bizqıysayırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to lean | sizqıysayırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to lean | alaqıysayırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to lean |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqıysayırğa madarım bardıI have a way to lean | senqıysayırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to lean | olqıysayırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to lean | bizqıysayırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to lean | sizqıysayırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to lean | alaqıysayırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to lean |
| have a way to | menqıysayırğa madarım joqduI have no way to lean | senqıysayırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to lean | olqıysayırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to lean | bizqıysayırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to lean | sizqıysayırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to lean | alaqıysayırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to lean |
| be free to | menqıysayırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to lean | senqıysayırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to lean | olqıysayırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to lean | bizqıysayırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to lean | sizqıysayırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to lean | alaqıysayırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to lean |
| be free to | menqıysayırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to lean | senqıysayırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to lean | olqıysayırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to lean | bizqıysayırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to lean | sizqıysayırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to lean | alaqıysayırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to lean |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to lean | sensenŋe qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to lean | olaŋa qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to lean | bizbizge qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to lean | sizsizge qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to lean | alaalağa qıysayırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to lean |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to lean | sensenŋe qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to lean | olaŋa qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to lean | bizbizge qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to lean | sizsizge qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to lean | alaalağa qıysayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to lean |
| be ready to | menqıysayırğa hazırmaI am ready to lean | senqıysayırğa hazırsayou are ready to lean | olqıysayırğa hazırdıhe is ready to lean | bizqıysayırğa hazırbızwe are ready to lean | sizqıysayırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to lean | alaqıysayırğa hazırdılathey are ready to lean |
| be ready to | menqıysayırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to lean | senqıysayırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to lean | olqıysayırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to lean | bizqıysayırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to lean | sizqıysayırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to lean | alaqıysayırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to lean |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqıysayırğa küreşemeI am trying to lean | senqıysayırğa küreşeseyou are trying to lean | olqıysayırğa küreşedihe is trying to lean | bizqıysayırğa küreşebizwe are trying to lean | sizqıysayırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to lean | alaqıysayırğa küreşedilethey are trying to lean |
| try to | menqıysayırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to lean | senqıysayırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to lean | olqıysayırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to lean | bizqıysayırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to lean | sizqıysayırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to lean | alaqıysayırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to lean |
| agree to | menqıysayırğa unaymaI agree to lean | senqıysayırğa unaysayou agree to lean | olqıysayırğa unaydıhe agrees to lean | bizqıysayırğa unaybızwe agree to lean | sizqıysayırğa unaysızyou all agree to lean | alaqıysayırğa unaydılathey agree to lean |
| agree to | menqıysayırğa unamaymaI refuse to lean | senqıysayırğa unamaysayou refuse to lean | olqıysayırğa unamaydıhe refuses to lean | bizqıysayırğa unamaybızwe refuse to lean | sizqıysayırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to lean | alaqıysayırğa unamaydılathey refuse to lean |
| hurry to | menqıysayırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to lean | senqıysayırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to lean | olqıysayırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to lean | bizqıysayırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to lean | sizqıysayırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to lean | alaqıysayırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to lean |
| hurry to | menqıysayırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to lean | senqıysayırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to lean | olqıysayırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to lean | bizqıysayırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to lean | sizqıysayırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to lean | alaqıysayırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to lean |
| be afraid to | menqıysayırğa qorqamaI am afraid to lean | senqıysayırğa qorqasayou are afraid to lean | olqıysayırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to lean | bizqıysayırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to lean | sizqıysayırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to lean | alaqıysayırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to lean |
| be afraid to | menqıysayırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to lean | senqıysayırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to lean | olqıysayırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to lean | bizqıysayırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to lean | sizqıysayırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to lean | alaqıysayırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to lean |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqıysaya bolmazmaI can't be leaning | senqıysaya bolmazsayou can't be leaning | olqıysaya bolmazhe can't be leaning | bizqıysaya bolmazbızwe can't be leaning | sizqıysaya bolmazsızyou all can't be leaning | alaqıysaya bolmazlathey can't be leaning |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqıysaymay bolmazmaI must be leaning (emphatic) | senqıysaymay bolmazsayou must be leaning (emphatic) | olqıysaymay bolmazhe must be leaning (emphatic) | bizqıysaymay bolmazbızwe must be leaning (emphatic) | sizqıysaymay bolmazsızyou all must be leaning (emphatic) | alaqıysaymay bolmazlathey must be leaning (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqıysaya turmasamif I don't keep leaning | senqıysaya turmasaŋif you don't keep leaning | olqıysaya turmasaif he doesn't keep leaning | bizqıysaya turmasaqif we don't keep leaning | sizqıysaya turmasağızif you all don't keep leaning | alaqıysaya turmasalaif they don't keep leaning |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqıysaya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of leaning | senqıysaya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of leaning | olqıysaya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of leaning | bizqıysaya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of leaning | sizqıysaya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of leaning | alaqıysaya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of leaning |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqıysaymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | senqıysaymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | olqıysaymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | bizqıysaymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | sizqıysaymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not leaning (emphatic) | alaqıysaymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not leaning (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqıysaymay turamaI keep on not leaning | senqıysaymay turasayou keep on not leaning | olqıysaymay turadıhe keeps on not leaning | bizqıysaymay turabızwe keep on not leaning | sizqıysaymay turasızyou all keep on not leaning | alaqıysaymay turadılathey keep on not leaning |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıysaymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not leaning | senqıysaymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not leaning | olqıysaymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not leaning | bizqıysaymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not leaning | sizqıysaymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not leaning | alaqıysaymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not leaning |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıysaymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not leaning? | senqıysaymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not leaning? | olqıysaymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not leaning? | bizqıysaymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not leaning? | sizqıysaymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not leaning? | alaqıysaymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not leaning? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqıysayğan bolmazmaI can't have leaned | senqıysayğan bolmazsayou can't have leaned | olqıysayğan bolmazhe can't have leaned | bizqıysayğan bolmazbızwe can't have leaned | sizqıysayğan bolmazsızyou all can't have leaned | alaqıysayğan bolmazlathey can't have leaned |
| Inference — double negation | menqıysaymağan bolmazmaI must have leaned (emphatic) | senqıysaymağan bolmazsayou must have leaned (emphatic) | olqıysaymağan bolmazhe must have leaned (emphatic) | bizqıysaymağan bolmazbızwe must have leaned (emphatic) | sizqıysaymağan bolmazsızyou all must have leaned (emphatic) | alaqıysaymağan bolmazlathey must have leaned (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqıysayğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had leaned | senqıysayğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had leaned | olqıysayğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had leaned | bizqıysayğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had leaned | sizqıysayğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had leaned | alaqıysayğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had leaned |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqıysaymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't leaned | senqıysaymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't leaned | olqıysaymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't leaned | bizqıysaymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't leaned | sizqıysaymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't leaned | alaqıysaymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't leaned |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqıysayırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to lean | senqıysayırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to lean | olqıysayırıq bolmazhe can't be going to lean | bizqıysayırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to lean | sizqıysayırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to lean | alaqıysayırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to lean |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqıysaymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to lean (emphatic) | senqıysaymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to lean (emphatic) | olqıysaymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to lean (emphatic) | bizqıysaymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to lean (emphatic) | sizqıysaymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to lean (emphatic) | alaqıysaymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to lean (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqıysayırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to lean | senqıysayırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to lean | olqıysayırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to lean | bizqıysayırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to lean | sizqıysayırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to lean | alaqıysayırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to lean |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqıysaymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to lean | senqıysaymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to lean | olqıysaymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to lean | bizqıysaymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to lean | sizqıysaymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to lean | alaqıysaymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to lean |