oŋayırğa
/oŋajɯrʁa/
go well, improve, come right (of affairs) — Guzeev 2000 treats it as having the same meaning as oŋalırğa. Common in işle oŋayıb baradıla "things are going well"; oŋayırğa unamağan iş is a hopeless matter that will not come right.
- oŋayırğa unamağan iş — a matter that will not come right
Conjugation
Common forms
- oŋayadıhe is improving
- oŋaydıhe improved
- oŋayğandıhe has improved
- oŋayırhe will improve
- oŋayırıqdıhe is going to improve
- oŋaya edihe was improving
- oŋaysaif he improves
- oŋay!improve!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoŋayamaI am improving | senoŋayasayou are improving | oloŋayadıhe is improving | bizoŋayabızwe are improving | sizoŋayasızyou all are improving | alaoŋayadılathey are improving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoŋaymaymaI am not improving | senoŋaymaysayou are not improving | oloŋaymaydıhe is not improving | bizoŋaymaybızwe are not improving | sizoŋaymaysızyou all are not improving | alaoŋaymaydılathey are not improving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoŋayamamı? oŋayamıma?am I improving? | senoŋayamısa?are you improving? | oloŋayamıdı?is he improving? | bizoŋayabızmı? oŋayamıbız?are we improving? | sizoŋayamısız?are you all improving? | alaoŋayamıdıla?are they improving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoŋaymaymamı? oŋaymaymıma?aren't I improving? | senoŋaymaymısa?aren't you improving? | oloŋaymaymıdı?isn't he improving? | bizoŋaymaybızmı? oŋaymaymıbız?aren't we improving? | sizoŋaymaymısız?aren't you all improving? | alaoŋaymaymıdıla?aren't they improving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoŋayıwçanmaI usually improve | senoŋayıwçansayou usually improve | oloŋayıwçandıhe usually improves | bizoŋayıwçanbızwe usually improve | sizoŋayıwçansızyou all usually improve | alaoŋayıwçandılathey usually improve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoŋaymawçanmaI usually don't improve | senoŋaymawçansayou usually don't improve | oloŋaymawçandıhe usually doesn't improve | bizoŋaymawçanbızwe usually don't improve | sizoŋaymawçansızyou all usually don't improve | alaoŋaymawçandılathey usually don't improve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoŋayıwçanmamı? oŋayıwçanmıma?do I usually improve? | senoŋayıwçanmısa?do you usually improve? | oloŋayıwçanmıdı?does he usually improve? | bizoŋayıwçanbızmı? oŋayıwçanmıbız?do we usually improve? | sizoŋayıwçanmısız?do you all usually improve? | alaoŋayıwçanmıdıla?do they usually improve? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoŋaymawçanmamı? oŋaymawçanmıma?do I usually not improve? | senoŋaymawçanmısa?do you usually not improve? | oloŋaymawçanmıdı?does he usually not improve? | bizoŋaymawçanbızmı? oŋaymawçanmıbız?do we usually not improve? | sizoŋaymawçanmısız?do you all usually not improve? | alaoŋaymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not improve? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloŋayıbdıhe has improved and remains so | alaoŋayıbdılathey have improved and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloŋayıbmıdı?has he improved? | alaoŋayıbmıdıla?have they improved? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoŋayıb turamaI keep improving | senoŋayıb turasayou keep improving | oloŋayıb turadıhe keeps improving | bizoŋayıb turabızwe keep improving | sizoŋayıb turasızyou all keep improving | alaoŋayıb turadılathey keep improving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoŋayıb turmaymaI don't keep improving | senoŋayıb turmaysayou don't keep improving | oloŋayıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep improving | bizoŋayıb turmaybızwe don't keep improving | sizoŋayıb turmaysızyou all don't keep improving | alaoŋayıb turmaydılathey don't keep improving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoŋayıb turamamı? oŋayıb turamıma?do I keep improving? | senoŋayıb turamısa?do you keep improving? | oloŋayıb turamıdı?does he keep improving? | bizoŋayıb turabızmı? oŋayıb turamıbız?do we keep improving? | sizoŋayıb turamısız?do you all keep improving? | alaoŋayıb turamıdıla?do they keep improving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoŋayıb turmaymamı? oŋayıb turmaymıma?don't I keep improving? | senoŋayıb turmaymısa?don't you keep improving? | oloŋayıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep improving? | bizoŋayıb turmaybızmı? oŋayıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep improving? | sizoŋayıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep improving? | alaoŋayıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep improving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoŋaya turamaI am in the middle of improving | senoŋaya turasayou are in the middle of improving | oloŋaya turadıhe is in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya turabızwe are in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya turasızyou all are in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya turadılathey are in the middle of improving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoŋaya turmaymaI am not in the middle of improving | senoŋaya turmaysayou are not in the middle of improving | oloŋaya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of improving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoŋaya turamamı? oŋaya turamıma?am I in the middle of improving? | senoŋaya turamısa?are you in the middle of improving? | oloŋaya turamıdı?is he in the middle of improving? | bizoŋaya turabızmı? oŋaya turamıbız?are we in the middle of improving? | sizoŋaya turamısız?are you all in the middle of improving? | alaoŋaya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of improving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoŋaya turmaymamı? oŋaya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of improving? | senoŋaya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of improving? | oloŋaya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of improving? | bizoŋaya turmaybızmı? oŋaya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of improving? | sizoŋaya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of improving? | alaoŋaya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of improving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoŋaydımI improved | senoŋaydıŋyou improved | oloŋaydıhe improved | bizoŋaydıqwe improved | sizoŋaydığızyou all improved | alaoŋaydılathey improved |
| Simple past (definite) | menoŋaymadımI didn't improve | senoŋaymadıŋyou didn't improve | oloŋaymadıhe didn't improve | bizoŋaymadıqwe didn't improve | sizoŋaymadığızyou all didn't improve | alaoŋaymadılathey didn't improve |
| Simple past (definite) | menoŋaydımmı?did I improve? | senoŋaydıŋmı?did you improve? | oloŋaydımı?did he improve? | bizoŋaydıqmı?did we improve? | sizoŋaydığızmı?did you all improve? | alaoŋaydılamı?did they improve? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoŋaymadımmı?didn't I improve? | senoŋaymadıŋmı?didn't you improve? | oloŋaymadımı?didn't he improve? | bizoŋaymadıqmı?didn't we improve? | sizoŋaymadığızmı?didn't you all improve? | alaoŋaymadılamı?didn't they improve? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoŋayğanmaI have improved | senoŋayğansayou have improved | oloŋayğandıhe has improved | bizoŋayğanbızwe have improved | sizoŋayğansızyou all have improved | alaoŋayğandılathey have improved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoŋaymağanmaI haven't improved | senoŋaymağansayou haven't improved | oloŋaymağandıhe hasn't improved | bizoŋaymağanbızwe haven't improved | sizoŋaymağansızyou all haven't improved | alaoŋaymağandılathey haven't improved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoŋayğanmamı? oŋayğanmıma?have I improved? | senoŋayğanmısa?have you improved? | oloŋayğanmıdı?has he improved? | bizoŋayğanbızmı? oŋayğanmıbız?have we improved? | sizoŋayğanmısız?have you all improved? | alaoŋayğanmıdıla?have they improved? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoŋaymağanmamı? oŋaymağanmıma?haven't I improved? | senoŋaymağanmısa?haven't you improved? | oloŋaymağanmıdı?hasn't he improved? | bizoŋaymağanbızmı? oŋaymağanmıbız?haven't we improved? | sizoŋaymağanmısız?haven't you all improved? | alaoŋaymağanmıdıla?haven't they improved? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoŋayıb turdumI kept improving | senoŋayıb turduŋyou kept improving | oloŋayıb turduhe kept improving | bizoŋayıb turduqwe kept improving | sizoŋayıb turduğuzyou all kept improving | alaoŋayıb turdulathey kept improving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoŋayıb turmadımI didn't keep improving | senoŋayıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep improving | oloŋayıb turmadıhe didn't keep improving | bizoŋayıb turmadıqwe didn't keep improving | sizoŋayıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep improving | alaoŋayıb turmadılathey didn't keep improving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoŋayırmaI will improve | senoŋayırsayou will improve | oloŋayırhe will improve | bizoŋayırbızwe will improve | sizoŋayırsızyou all will improve | alaoŋayırlathey will improve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoŋaymazmaI won't improve | senoŋaymazsayou won't improve | oloŋaymazhe won't improve | bizoŋaymazbızwe won't improve | sizoŋaymazsızyou all won't improve | alaoŋaymazlathey won't improve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoŋayırmamı? oŋayırmıma?will I improve? | senoŋayırmısa?will you improve? | oloŋayırmı?will he improve? | bizoŋayırbızmı? oŋayırmıbız?will we improve? | sizoŋayırmısız?will you all improve? | alaoŋayırlamı? oŋayırmıla?will they improve? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoŋaymazmamı? oŋaymazmıma?won't I improve? | senoŋaymazmısa?won't you improve? | oloŋaymazmı?won't he improve? | bizoŋaymazbızmı? oŋaymazmıbız?won't we improve? | sizoŋaymazmısız?won't you all improve? | alaoŋaymazlamı? oŋaymazmıla?won't they improve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoŋayırıqmaI am going to improve | senoŋayırıqsayou are going to improve | oloŋayırıqdıhe is going to improve | bizoŋayırıqbızwe are going to improve | sizoŋayırıqsızyou all are going to improve | alaoŋayırıqdılathey are going to improve |
| Definite future (future II) | menoŋayırıq tülmeI am not going to improve | senoŋayırıq tülseyou are not going to improve | oloŋayırıq tüldühe is not going to improve | bizoŋayırıq tülbüzwe are not going to improve | sizoŋayırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to improve | alaoŋayırıq tüldülethey are not going to improve |
| Definite future (future II) | menoŋayırıqmamı? oŋayırıqmıma?am I going to improve? | senoŋayırıqmısa?are you going to improve? | oloŋayırıqmıdı?is he going to improve? | bizoŋayırıqbızmı? oŋayırıqmıbız?are we going to improve? | sizoŋayırıqmısız?are you all going to improve? | alaoŋayırıqmıdıla?are they going to improve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoŋayırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to improve? | senoŋayırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to improve? | oloŋayırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to improve? | bizoŋayırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to improve? | sizoŋayırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to improve? | alaoŋayırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to improve? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoŋayğan edimoŋayğanemI had improved | senoŋayğan ediŋoŋayğaneŋyou had improved | oloŋayğan edioŋayğanedhe had improved | bizoŋayğan edikoŋayğanekwe had improved | sizoŋayğan edigizoŋayğanegizyou all had improved | alaoŋayğan edileoŋayğanellethey had improved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoŋaymağan edimoŋaymağanemI hadn't improved | senoŋaymağan ediŋoŋaymağaneŋyou hadn't improved | oloŋaymağan edioŋaymağanedhe hadn't improved | bizoŋaymağan edikoŋaymağanekwe hadn't improved | sizoŋaymağan edigizoŋaymağanegizyou all hadn't improved | alaoŋaymağan edileoŋaymağanellethey hadn't improved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoŋaya edimoŋayaemI was improving | senoŋaya ediŋoŋayaeŋyou were improving | oloŋaya edioŋayaedhe was improving | bizoŋaya edikoŋayaekwe were improving | sizoŋaya edigizoŋayaegizyou all were improving | alaoŋaya edileoŋayaellethey were improving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoŋaymay edimoŋaymayemI wasn't improving | senoŋaymay ediŋoŋaymayeŋyou weren't improving | oloŋaymay edioŋaymayedhe wasn't improving | bizoŋaymay edikoŋaymayekwe weren't improving | sizoŋaymay edigizoŋaymayegizyou all weren't improving | alaoŋaymay edileoŋaymayellethey weren't improving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menoŋayıwçan edimoŋayıwçanemI used to improve | senoŋayıwçan ediŋoŋayıwçaneŋyou used to improve | oloŋayıwçan edioŋayıwçanedhe used to improve | bizoŋayıwçan edikoŋayıwçanekwe used to improve | sizoŋayıwçan edigizoŋayıwçanegizyou all used to improve | alaoŋayıwçan edileoŋayıwçanellethey used to improve |
| Habitual past (used to) | menoŋaymawçan edimoŋaymawçanemI didn't use to improve | senoŋaymawçan ediŋoŋaymawçaneŋyou didn't use to improve | oloŋaymawçan edioŋaymawçanedhe didn't use to improve | bizoŋaymawçan edikoŋaymawçanekwe didn't use to improve | sizoŋaymawçan edigizoŋaymawçanegizyou all didn't use to improve | alaoŋaymawçan edileoŋaymawçanellethey didn't use to improve |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloŋayıb edihe had improved and remained so | alaoŋayıb edilethey had improved and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloŋayıb tül edihe hadn't improved | alaoŋayıb tül edilethey hadn't improved | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoŋayıb tura edimoŋayıb turaemI had kept improving | senoŋayıb tura ediŋoŋayıb turaeŋyou had kept improving | oloŋayıb tura edioŋayıb turaedhe had kept improving | bizoŋayıb tura edikoŋayıb turaekwe had kept improving | sizoŋayıb tura edigizoŋayıb turaegizyou all had kept improving | alaoŋayıb tura edileoŋayıb turaellethey had kept improving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoŋayıb turmay edimoŋayıb turmayemI hadn't kept improving | senoŋayıb turmay ediŋoŋayıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept improving | oloŋayıb turmay edioŋayıb turmayedhe hadn't kept improving | bizoŋayıb turmay edikoŋayıb turmayekwe hadn't kept improving | sizoŋayıb turmay edigizoŋayıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept improving | alaoŋayıb turmay edileoŋayıb turmayellethey hadn't kept improving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoŋaya tura edimoŋaya turaemI was in the middle of improving | senoŋaya tura ediŋoŋaya turaeŋyou were in the middle of improving | oloŋaya tura edioŋaya turaedhe was in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya tura edikoŋaya turaekwe were in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya tura edigizoŋaya turaegizyou all were in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya tura edileoŋaya turaellethey were in the middle of improving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoŋaya turmay edimoŋaya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of improving | senoŋaya turmay ediŋoŋaya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of improving | oloŋaya turmay edioŋaya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya turmay edikoŋaya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya turmay edigizoŋaya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya turmay edileoŋaya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of improving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menoŋayır edimoŋayır emI would improve | senoŋayır ediŋoŋayır eŋyou would improve | oloŋayır edioŋayır edhe would improve | bizoŋayır edikoŋayır ekwe would improve | sizoŋayır edigizoŋayır egizyou all would improve | alaoŋayır edileoŋayır ellethey would improve |
| Conditional result (would) | menoŋaymaz edimoŋaymaz emI wouldn't improve | senoŋaymaz ediŋoŋaymaz eŋyou wouldn't improve | oloŋaymaz edioŋaymaz edhe wouldn't improve | bizoŋaymaz edikoŋaymaz ekwe wouldn't improve | sizoŋaymaz edigizoŋaymaz egizyou all wouldn't improve | alaoŋaymaz edileoŋaymaz ellethey wouldn't improve |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoŋayırıq edimoŋayırıq emI would have improved | senoŋayırıq ediŋoŋayırıq eŋyou would have improved | oloŋayırıq edioŋayırıq edhe would have improved | bizoŋayırıq edikoŋayırıq ekwe would have improved | sizoŋayırıq edigizoŋayırıq egizyou all would have improved | alaoŋayırıq edileoŋayırıq ellethey would have improved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoŋayırıq tül edimoŋayırıq tül emI wouldn't have improved | senoŋayırıq tül ediŋoŋayırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have improved | oloŋayırıq tül edioŋayırıq tül edhe wouldn't have improved | bizoŋayırıq tül edikoŋayırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have improved | sizoŋayırıq tül edigizoŋayırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have improved | alaoŋayırıq tül edileoŋayırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have improved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menoŋaysamif I improve | senoŋaysaŋif you improve | oloŋaysaif he improves | bizoŋaysaqif we improve | sizoŋaysağızif you all improve | alaoŋaysalaif they improve |
| Conditional | menoŋaymasamif I don't improve | senoŋaymasaŋif you don't improve | oloŋaymasaif he doesn't improve | bizoŋaymasaqif we don't improve | sizoŋaymasağızif you all don't improve | alaoŋaymasalaif they don't improve |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menoŋaya esemif I am improving | senoŋaya eseŋif you are improving | oloŋaya eseif he is improving | bizoŋaya esekif we are improving | sizoŋaya esegizif you all are improving | alaoŋaya eseleif they are improving |
| Conditional, present real | menoŋaymay esemif I am not improving | senoŋaymay eseŋif you are not improving | oloŋaymay eseif he is not improving | bizoŋaymay esekif we are not improving | sizoŋaymay esegizif you all are not improving | alaoŋaymay eseleif they are not improving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoŋaysam edioŋaysam edif only I improved | senoŋaysaŋ edioŋaysaŋ edif only you improved | oloŋaysa edioŋaysaedif only he improved | bizoŋaysaq edioŋaysaq edif only we improved | sizoŋaysağız edioŋaysağız edif only you all improved | alaoŋaysala edioŋaysalaedif only they improved |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoŋaymasam edioŋaymasam edif only I didn't improve | senoŋaymasaŋ edioŋaymasaŋ edif only you didn't improve | oloŋaymasa edioŋaymasaedif only he didn't improve | bizoŋaymasaq edioŋaymasaq edif only we didn't improve | sizoŋaymasağız edioŋaymasağız edif only you all didn't improve | alaoŋaymasala edioŋaymasalaedif only they didn't improve |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menoŋayıb tursamif I carry on improving | senoŋayıb tursaŋif you carry on improving | oloŋayıb tursaif he carries on improving | bizoŋayıb tursaqif we carry on improving | sizoŋayıb tursağızif you all carry on improving | alaoŋayıb tursalaif they carry on improving |
| Durative conditional | menoŋayıb turmasamif I don't carry on improving | senoŋayıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on improving | oloŋayıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on improving | bizoŋayıb turmasaqif we don't carry on improving | sizoŋayıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on improving | alaoŋayıb turmasalaif they don't carry on improving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menoŋayıb tura esemif I have kept improving | senoŋayıb tura eseŋif you have kept improving | oloŋayıb tura eseif he has kept improving | bizoŋayıb tura esekif we have kept improving | sizoŋayıb tura esegizif you all have kept improving | alaoŋayıb tura eseleif they have kept improving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menoŋayıb turmay esemif I haven't kept improving | senoŋayıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept improving | oloŋayıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept improving | bizoŋayıb turmay esekif we haven't kept improving | sizoŋayıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept improving | alaoŋayıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept improving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menoŋaya tursamif I keep improving | senoŋaya tursaŋif you keep improving | oloŋaya tursaif he keeps improving | bizoŋaya tursaqif we keep improving | sizoŋaya tursağızif you all keep improving | alaoŋaya tursalaif they keep improving |
| Progressive conditional | menoŋaymay tursamif I keep on not improving | senoŋaymay tursaŋif you keep on not improving | oloŋaymay tursaif he keeps on not improving | bizoŋaymay tursaqif we keep on not improving | sizoŋaymay tursağızif you all keep on not improving | alaoŋaymay tursalaif they keep on not improving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoŋaya tura esemif I am in the middle of improving | senoŋaya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of improving | oloŋaya tura eseif he is in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya tura esekif we are in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya tura eseleif they are in the middle of improving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoŋaymay tura esemif I keep on not improving | senoŋaymay tura eseŋif you keep on not improving | oloŋaymay tura eseif he keeps on not improving | bizoŋaymay tura esekif we keep on not improving | sizoŋaymay tura esegizif you all keep on not improving | alaoŋaymay tura eseleif they keep on not improving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoŋaydım esemif I improved | senoŋaydıŋ eseŋif you improved | oloŋaydı eseif he improved | bizoŋaydıq esekif we improved | sizoŋaydığız esegizif you all improved | alaoŋaydıla eseleif they improved |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoŋaymadım esemif I didn't improve | senoŋaymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't improve | oloŋaymadı eseif he didn't improve | bizoŋaymadıq esekif we didn't improve | sizoŋaymadığız esegizif you all didn't improve | alaoŋaymadıla eseleif they didn't improve |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menoŋayğan esemif I did improve (indeed) | senoŋayğan eseŋif you did improve (indeed) | oloŋayğan eseif he did improve (indeed) | bizoŋayğan esekif we did improve (indeed) | sizoŋayğan esegizif you all did improve (indeed) | alaoŋayğan eseleif they did improve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menoŋaymağan esemif I didn't improve (indeed) | senoŋaymağan eseŋif you didn't improve (indeed) | oloŋaymağan eseif he didn't improve (indeed) | bizoŋaymağan esekif we didn't improve (indeed) | sizoŋaymağan esegizif you all didn't improve (indeed) | alaoŋaymağan eseleif they didn't improve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoŋayğan bolsamif I had improved | senoŋayğan bolsaŋif you had improved | oloŋayğan bolsaif he had improved | bizoŋayğan bolsaqif we had improved | sizoŋayğan bolsağızif you all had improved | alaoŋayğan bolsalaif they had improved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoŋaymağan bolsamif I hadn't improved | senoŋaymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't improved | oloŋaymağan bolsaif he hadn't improved | bizoŋaymağan bolsaqif we hadn't improved | sizoŋaymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't improved | alaoŋaymağan bolsalaif they hadn't improved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoŋayğan bolsam edioŋayğan bolsam edif only I had improved | senoŋayğan bolsaŋ edioŋayğan bolsaŋ edif only you had improved | oloŋayğan bolsa edioŋayğan bolsaedif only he had improved | bizoŋayğan bolsaq edioŋayğan bolsaq edif only we had improved | sizoŋayğan bolsağız edioŋayğan bolsağız edif only you all had improved | alaoŋayğan bolsala edioŋayğan bolsalaedif only they had improved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoŋaymağan bolsam edioŋaymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't improved | senoŋaymağan bolsaŋ edioŋaymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't improved | oloŋaymağan bolsa edioŋaymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't improved | bizoŋaymağan bolsaq edioŋaymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't improved | sizoŋaymağan bolsağız edioŋaymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't improved | alaoŋaymağan bolsala edioŋaymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't improved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menoŋayır esemif I will improve | senoŋayır eseŋif you will improve | oloŋayır eseif he will improve | bizoŋayır esekif we will improve | sizoŋayır esegizif you all will improve | alaoŋayır eseleif they will improve |
| Conditional, aorist | menoŋaymaz esemif I won't improve | senoŋaymaz eseŋif you won't improve | oloŋaymaz eseif he won't improve | bizoŋaymaz esekif we won't improve | sizoŋaymaz esegizif you all won't improve | alaoŋaymaz eseleif they won't improve |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menoŋayırıq esemif I am going to improve | senoŋayırıq eseŋif you are going to improve | oloŋayırıq eseif he is going to improve | bizoŋayırıq esekif we are going to improve | sizoŋayırıq esegizif you all are going to improve | alaoŋayırıq eseleif they are going to improve |
| Conditional, future | menoŋayırıq tül esemif I am not going to improve | senoŋayırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to improve | oloŋayırıq tül eseif he is not going to improve | bizoŋayırıq tül esekif we are not going to improve | sizoŋayırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to improve | alaoŋayırıq tül eseleif they are not going to improve |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoŋayırıq bolsamif I were going to improve | senoŋayırıq bolsaŋif you were going to improve | oloŋayırıq bolsaif he were going to improve | bizoŋayırıq bolsaqif we were going to improve | sizoŋayırıq bolsağızif you all were going to improve | alaoŋayırıq bolsalaif they were going to improve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoŋaymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to improve | senoŋaymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to improve | oloŋaymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to improve | bizoŋaymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to improve | sizoŋaymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to improve | alaoŋaymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to improve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso oŋaydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoŋaya bolurmaI must be improving | senoŋaya bolursayou must be improving | oloŋaya bolurhe must be improving | bizoŋaya bolurbuzwe must be improving | sizoŋaya bolursuzyou all must be improving | alaoŋaya bolurlathey must be improving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoŋaymay bolurmaI must not be improving | senoŋaymay bolursayou must not be improving | oloŋaymay bolurhe must not be improving | bizoŋaymay bolurbuzwe must not be improving | sizoŋaymay bolursuzyou all must not be improving | alaoŋaymay bolurlathey must not be improving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoŋaya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of improving | senoŋaya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of improving | oloŋaya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of improving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoŋaymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not improving | senoŋaymay tura bolursayou must keep on not improving | oloŋaymay tura bolurhe must keep on not improving | bizoŋaymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not improving | sizoŋaymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not improving | alaoŋaymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not improving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menoŋayğan bolurmaI must have improved | senoŋayğan bolursayou must have improved | oloŋayğan bolurhe must have improved | bizoŋayğan bolurbuzwe must have improved | sizoŋayğan bolursuzyou all must have improved | alaoŋayğan bolurlathey must have improved |
| Inference (must have) | menoŋaymağan bolurmaI must not have improved | senoŋaymağan bolursayou must not have improved | oloŋaymağan bolurhe must not have improved | bizoŋaymağan bolurbuzwe must not have improved | sizoŋaymağan bolursuzyou all must not have improved | alaoŋaymağan bolurlathey must not have improved |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoŋayırıq bolurmaI must be going to improve | senoŋayırıq bolursayou must be going to improve | oloŋayırıq bolurhe must be going to improve | bizoŋayırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to improve | sizoŋayırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to improve | alaoŋayırıq bolurlathey must be going to improve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoŋaymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to improve | senoŋaymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to improve | oloŋaymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to improve | bizoŋaymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to improve | sizoŋaymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to improve | alaoŋaymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to improve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menoŋayayımlet me improve | senoŋay!improve! | oloŋaysınlet him improve | bizoŋayayıqlet's improve | sizoŋayığız!improve, you all! | alaoŋaysınlalet them improve |
| Commands & suggestions | menoŋaymayımlet me not improve | senoŋayma!don't improve! | oloŋaymasınlet him not improve | bizoŋaymayıqlet's not improve | sizoŋaymağız!don't improve, you all! | alaoŋaymasınlalet them not improve |
| Commands & suggestions | menoŋayayımmı?shall I improve? | oloŋaysınmı?should he improve? | bizoŋayayıqmı?shall we improve? | alaoŋaysınlamı?should they improve? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menoŋaymayımmı?shall I not improve? | oloŋaymasınmı?should he not improve? | bizoŋaymayıqmı?shall we not improve? | alaoŋaymasınlamı?should they not improve? | ||
| Requests | senoŋayçı2oŋayçınplease improve | oloŋaysınçıdo let him improve | sizoŋayçığızplease improve (plural/polite) | alaoŋaysınlaçıdo let them improve | ||
| Requests | senoŋaymaçı2oŋaymaçınplease don't improve | oloŋaymasınçıdo let him not improve | sizoŋaymaçığızplease don't improve (plural/polite) | alaoŋaymasınlaçıdo let them not improve | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoŋayğınoŋayğımay you improve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoŋaymağınoŋaymağımay you not improve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoŋayğay edim oŋayğa edimwould that I improved | senoŋayğay ediŋ oŋayğa ediŋwould that you improved | oloŋayğay edi oŋayğa ediwould that he improved | bizoŋayğay edik oŋayğa edikwould that we improved | sizoŋayğay edigiz oŋayğa edigizwould that you all improved | alaoŋayğay edile oŋayğa edilewould that they improved |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoŋaymağay edim oŋaymağa edimwould that I did not improve | senoŋaymağay ediŋ oŋaymağa ediŋwould that you did not improve | oloŋaymağay edi oŋaymağa ediwould that he did not improve | bizoŋaymağay edik oŋaymağa edikwould that we did not improve | sizoŋaymağay edigiz oŋaymağa edigizwould that you all did not improve | alaoŋaymağay edile oŋaymağa edilewould that they did not improve |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoŋaymağa qoyayımoŋayma qoyayımlet me allow someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoy!oŋayma qoy!let someone improve! | oloŋaymağa qoysunoŋayma qoysunlet him allow someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoyayıqoŋayma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoyuğuz!oŋayma qoyuğuz!let someone improve, you all! | alaoŋaymağa qoysunlaoŋayma qoysunlalet them allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoŋaymağa qoymayımoŋayma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoyma!oŋayma qoyma!don't let someone improve! | oloŋaymağa qoymasınoŋayma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoymayıqoŋayma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoymağız!oŋayma qoymağız!don't let someone improve, you all! | alaoŋaymağa qoymasınlaoŋayma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoŋaymağa qoyayımmı?oŋayma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoysunmu?oŋayma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoyayıqmı?oŋayma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoysunlamı?oŋayma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to improve? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoŋaymağa qoymayımmı?oŋayma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoymasınmı?oŋayma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoymayıqmı?oŋayma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoymasınlamı?oŋayma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to improve? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menoŋaymağa qoyamaoŋayma qoyamaI allow someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoyasaoŋayma qoyasayou allow someone to improve | oloŋaymağa qoyadıoŋayma qoyadıhe allows someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoyabızoŋayma qoyabızwe allow someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoyasızoŋayma qoyasızyou all allow someone to improve | alaoŋaymağa qoyadılaoŋayma qoyadılathey allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (present) | menoŋaymağa qoymaymaoŋayma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoymaysaoŋayma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to improve | oloŋaymağa qoymaydıoŋayma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoymaybızoŋayma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoymaysızoŋayma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to improve | alaoŋaymağa qoymaydılaoŋayma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (present) | menoŋaymağa qoyamamı?oŋayma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to improve? | senoŋaymağa qoyamısa?oŋayma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoyamıdı?oŋayma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoyabızmı?oŋayma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to improve? | sizoŋaymağa qoyamısız?oŋayma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoyamıdıla?oŋayma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (present) | menoŋaymağa qoymaymamı?oŋayma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to improve? | senoŋaymağa qoymaymısa?oŋayma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoymaymıdı?oŋayma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoymaybızmı?oŋayma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to improve? | sizoŋaymağa qoymaymısız?oŋayma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoymaymıdıla?oŋayma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoŋaymağa qoydumoŋayma qoydumI allowed someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoyduŋoŋayma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to improve | oloŋaymağa qoyduoŋayma qoyduhe allowed someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoyduqoŋayma qoyduqwe allowed someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoyduğuzoŋayma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to improve | alaoŋaymağa qoydulaoŋayma qoydulathey allowed someone to improve |
| Let someone… (past) | menoŋaymağa qoymadımoŋayma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to improve | senoŋaymağa qoymadıŋoŋayma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to improve | oloŋaymağa qoymadıoŋayma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to improve | bizoŋaymağa qoymadıqoŋayma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to improve | sizoŋaymağa qoymadığızoŋayma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to improve | alaoŋaymağa qoymadılaoŋayma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (past) | menoŋaymağa qoydummu?oŋayma qoydummu?did I allow someone to improve? | senoŋaymağa qoyduŋmu?oŋayma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoydumu?oŋayma qoydumu?did he allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoyduqmu?oŋayma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to improve? | sizoŋaymağa qoyduğuzmu?oŋayma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoydulamı?oŋayma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoŋaymağa qoymadımmı?oŋayma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to improve? | senoŋaymağa qoymadıŋmı?oŋayma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to improve? | oloŋaymağa qoymadımı?oŋayma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to improve? | bizoŋaymağa qoymadıqmı?oŋayma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to improve? | sizoŋaymağa qoymadığızmı?oŋayma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to improve? | alaoŋaymağa qoymadılamı?oŋayma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to improve? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menoŋayalamaI can improve | senoŋayalasayou can improve | oloŋayaladıhe can improve | bizoŋayalabızwe can improve | sizoŋayalasızyou all can improve | alaoŋayaladılathey can improve |
| Ability — present | menoŋayalmaymaI can't improve | senoŋayalmaysayou can't improve | oloŋayalmaydıhe can't improve | bizoŋayalmaybızwe can't improve | sizoŋayalmaysızyou all can't improve | alaoŋayalmaydılathey can't improve |
| Ability — present | menoŋayalamamı? oŋayalamıma?can I improve? | senoŋayalamısa?can you improve? | oloŋayalamıdı?can he improve? | bizoŋayalabızmı? oŋayalamıbız?can we improve? | sizoŋayalamısız?can you all improve? | alaoŋayalamıdıla?can they improve? |
| Ability — present | menoŋayalmaymamı? oŋayalmaymıma?can't I improve? | senoŋayalmaymısa?can't you improve? | oloŋayalmaymıdı?can't he improve? | bizoŋayalmaybızmı? oŋayalmaymıbız?can't we improve? | sizoŋayalmaymısız?can't you all improve? | alaoŋayalmaymıdıla?can't they improve? |
| Ability — if I can… | menoŋayalsamif I can improve | senoŋayalsaŋif you can improve | oloŋayalsaif he can improve | bizoŋayalsaqif we can improve | sizoŋayalsağızif you all can improve | alaoŋayalsalaif they can improve |
| Ability — if I can… | menoŋayalmasamif I can't improve | senoŋayalmasaŋif you can't improve | oloŋayalmasaif he can't improve | bizoŋayalmasaqif we can't improve | sizoŋayalmasağızif you all can't improve | alaoŋayalmasalaif they can't improve |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menoŋayaldımI was able to improve | senoŋayaldıŋyou were able to improve | oloŋayaldıhe was able to improve | bizoŋayaldıqwe were able to improve | sizoŋayaldığızyou all were able to improve | alaoŋayaldılathey were able to improve |
| Ability — simple past | menoŋayalmadımI could not improve | senoŋayalmadıŋyou could not improve | oloŋayalmadıhe could not improve | bizoŋayalmadıqwe could not improve | sizoŋayalmadığızyou all could not improve | alaoŋayalmadılathey could not improve |
| Ability — simple past | menoŋayaldımmı?was I able to improve? | senoŋayaldıŋmı?were you able to improve? | oloŋayaldımı?was he able to improve? | bizoŋayaldıqmı?were we able to improve? | sizoŋayaldığızmı?were you all able to improve? | alaoŋayaldılamı?were they able to improve? |
| Ability — simple past | menoŋayalmadımmı?couldn't I improve? | senoŋayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you improve? | oloŋayalmadımı?couldn't he improve? | bizoŋayalmadıqmı?couldn't we improve? | sizoŋayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all improve? | alaoŋayalmadılamı?couldn't they improve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoŋayalğanmaI have been able to improve | senoŋayalğansayou have been able to improve | oloŋayalğandıhe has been able to improve | bizoŋayalğanbızwe have been able to improve | sizoŋayalğansızyou all have been able to improve | alaoŋayalğandılathey have been able to improve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoŋayalmağanmaI haven't been able to improve | senoŋayalmağansayou haven't been able to improve | oloŋayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to improve | bizoŋayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to improve | sizoŋayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to improve | alaoŋayalmağandılathey haven't been able to improve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoŋayalğanmamı? oŋayalğanmıma?have I been able to improve? | senoŋayalğanmısa?have you been able to improve? | oloŋayalğanmıdı?has he been able to improve? | bizoŋayalğanbızmı? oŋayalğanmıbız?have we been able to improve? | sizoŋayalğanmısız?have you all been able to improve? | alaoŋayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to improve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoŋayalmağanmamı? oŋayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to improve? | senoŋayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to improve? | oloŋayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to improve? | bizoŋayalmağanbızmı? oŋayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to improve? | sizoŋayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to improve? | alaoŋayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to improve? |
| Ability — past perfect | menoŋayalğan edimoŋayalğanemI had been able to improve | senoŋayalğan ediŋoŋayalğaneŋyou had been able to improve | oloŋayalğan edioŋayalğanedhe had been able to improve | bizoŋayalğan edikoŋayalğanekwe had been able to improve | sizoŋayalğan edigizoŋayalğanegizyou all had been able to improve | alaoŋayalğan edileoŋayalğanellethey had been able to improve |
| Ability — past perfect | menoŋayalmağan edimoŋayalmağanemI hadn't been able to improve | senoŋayalmağan ediŋoŋayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to improve | oloŋayalmağan edioŋayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to improve | bizoŋayalmağan edikoŋayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to improve | sizoŋayalmağan edigizoŋayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to improve | alaoŋayalmağan edileoŋayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to improve |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menoŋayala edimoŋayalaemI could improve | senoŋayala ediŋoŋayalaeŋyou could improve | oloŋayala edioŋayalaedhe could improve | bizoŋayala edikoŋayalaekwe could improve | sizoŋayala edigizoŋayalaegizyou all could improve | alaoŋayala edileoŋayalaellethey could improve |
| Ability — past background | menoŋayalmay edimoŋayalmayemI could not improve | senoŋayalmay ediŋoŋayalmayeŋyou could not improve | oloŋayalmay edioŋayalmayedhe could not improve | bizoŋayalmay edikoŋayalmayekwe could not improve | sizoŋayalmay edigizoŋayalmayegizyou all could not improve | alaoŋayalmay edileoŋayalmayellethey could not improve |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menoŋayalırmaI will be able to improve | senoŋayalırsayou will be able to improve | oloŋayalırhe will be able to improve | bizoŋayalırbızwe will be able to improve | sizoŋayalırsızyou all will be able to improve | alaoŋayalırlathey will be able to improve |
| Ability — future I | menoŋayalmazmaI won't be able to improve | senoŋayalmazsayou won't be able to improve | oloŋayalmazhe won't be able to improve | bizoŋayalmazbızwe won't be able to improve | sizoŋayalmazsızyou all won't be able to improve | alaoŋayalmazlathey won't be able to improve |
| Ability — future I | menoŋayalırmamı? oŋayalırmıma?will I be able to improve? | senoŋayalırmısa?will you be able to improve? | oloŋayalırmı?will he be able to improve? | bizoŋayalırbızmı? oŋayalırmıbız?will we be able to improve? | sizoŋayalırmısız?will you all be able to improve? | alaoŋayalırlamı? oŋayalırmıla?will they be able to improve? |
| Ability — future I | menoŋayalmazmamı? oŋayalmazmıma?won't I be able to improve? | senoŋayalmazmısa?won't you be able to improve? | oloŋayalmazmı?won't he be able to improve? | bizoŋayalmazbızmı? oŋayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to improve? | sizoŋayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to improve? | alaoŋayalmazlamı? oŋayalmazmıla?won't they be able to improve? |
| Ability — future II | menoŋayallıqmaI am going to be able to improve | senoŋayallıqsayou are going to be able to improve | oloŋayallıqdıhe is going to be able to improve | bizoŋayallıqbızwe are going to be able to improve | sizoŋayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to improve | alaoŋayallıqdılathey are going to be able to improve |
| Ability — future II | menoŋayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to improve | senoŋayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to improve | oloŋayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to improve | bizoŋayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to improve | sizoŋayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to improve | alaoŋayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to improve |
| Ability — future II | menoŋayallıqmamı? oŋayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to improve? | senoŋayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to improve? | oloŋayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to improve? | bizoŋayallıqbızmı? oŋayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to improve? | sizoŋayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to improve? | alaoŋayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to improve? |
| Ability — future II | menoŋayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to improve? | senoŋayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to improve? | oloŋayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to improve? | bizoŋayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to improve? | sizoŋayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to improve? | alaoŋayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to improve? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoŋayalır edimoŋayalır emI would be able to improve | senoŋayalır ediŋoŋayalır eŋyou would be able to improve | oloŋayalır edioŋayalır edhe would be able to improve | bizoŋayalır edikoŋayalır ekwe would be able to improve | sizoŋayalır edigizoŋayalır egizyou all would be able to improve | alaoŋayalır edileoŋayalır ellethey would be able to improve |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoŋayalmaz edimoŋayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to improve | senoŋayalmaz ediŋoŋayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to improve | oloŋayalmaz edioŋayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to improve | bizoŋayalmaz edikoŋayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to improve | sizoŋayalmaz edigizoŋayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to improve | alaoŋayalmaz edileoŋayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to improve |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoŋayalğınoŋayalğımay you be able to improve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoŋayalmağınoŋayalmağımay you not be able to improve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menoŋayırğa izleymeI want to improve | senoŋayırğa izleyseyou want to improve | oloŋayırğa izleydihe wants to improve | bizoŋayırğa izleybizwe want to improve | sizoŋayırğa izleysizyou all want to improve | alaoŋayırğa izleydilethey want to improve |
| want to | menoŋayırğa izlemeymeI do not want to improve | senoŋayırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to improve | oloŋayırğa izlemeydihe does not want to improve | bizoŋayırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to improve | sizoŋayırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to improve | alaoŋayırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to improve |
| would like to | menoŋayırğa süemeI would like to improve | senoŋayırğa süeseyou would like to improve | oloŋayırğa süedihe would like to improve | bizoŋayırğa süebizwe would like to improve | sizoŋayırğa süesizyou all would like to improve | alaoŋayırğa süedilethey would like to improve |
| would like to | menoŋayırğa süymeymeI would not like to improve | senoŋayırğa süymeyseyou would not like to improve | oloŋayırğa süymeydihe would not like to improve | bizoŋayırğa süymeybizwe would not like to improve | sizoŋayırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to improve | alaoŋayırğa süymeydilethey would not like to improve |
| hope to | menoŋayırğa umutlanamaI hope to improve | senoŋayırğa umutlanasayou hope to improve | oloŋayırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to improve | bizoŋayırğa umutlanabızwe hope to improve | sizoŋayırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to improve | alaoŋayırğa umutlanadılathey hope to improve |
| hope to | menoŋayırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to improve | senoŋayırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to improve | oloŋayırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to improve | bizoŋayırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to improve | sizoŋayırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to improve | alaoŋayırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to improve |
| be about to | menoŋayırğa deb turamaI am about to improve | senoŋayırğa deb turasayou are about to improve | oloŋayırğa deb turadıhe is about to improve | bizoŋayırğa deb turabızwe are about to improve | sizoŋayırğa deb turasızyou all are about to improve | alaoŋayırğa deb turadılathey are about to improve |
| be about to | menoŋayırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to improve | senoŋayırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to improve | oloŋayırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to improve | bizoŋayırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to improve | sizoŋayırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to improve | alaoŋayırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to improve |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menoŋayırğa kerekmeI need to improve | senoŋayırğa kerekseyou need to improve | oloŋayırğa kerekdihe needs to improve | bizoŋayırğa kerekbizwe need to improve | sizoŋayırğa kereksizyou all need to improve | alaoŋayırğa kerekdilethey need to improve |
| need to | menoŋayırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to improve | senoŋayırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to improve | oloŋayırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to improve | bizoŋayırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to improve | sizoŋayırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to improve | alaoŋayırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to improve |
| have to | menmenŋe oŋayırğa tüşediI have to improve | sensenŋe oŋayırğa tüşediyou have to improve | olaŋa oŋayırğa tüşedihe has to improve | bizbizge oŋayırğa tüşediwe have to improve | sizsizge oŋayırğa tüşediyou all have to improve | alaalağa oŋayırğa tüşedithey have to improve |
| have to | menmenŋe oŋayırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to improve | sensenŋe oŋayırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to improve | olaŋa oŋayırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to improve | bizbizge oŋayırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to improve | sizsizge oŋayırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to improve | alaalağa oŋayırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to improve |
| be obliged to | menoŋayırğa borçlumaI am obliged to improve | senoŋayırğa borçlusayou are obliged to improve | oloŋayırğa borçluduhe is obliged to improve | bizoŋayırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to improve | sizoŋayırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to improve | alaoŋayırğa borçludulathey are obliged to improve |
| be obliged to | menoŋayırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to improve | senoŋayırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to improve | oloŋayırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to improve | bizoŋayırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to improve | sizoŋayırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to improve | alaoŋayırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to improve |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menoŋayırğa madarım bardıI have a way to improve | senoŋayırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to improve | oloŋayırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to improve | bizoŋayırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to improve | sizoŋayırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to improve | alaoŋayırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to improve |
| have a way to | menoŋayırğa madarım joqduI have no way to improve | senoŋayırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to improve | oloŋayırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to improve | bizoŋayırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to improve | sizoŋayırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to improve | alaoŋayırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to improve |
| be free to | menoŋayırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to improve | senoŋayırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to improve | oloŋayırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to improve | bizoŋayırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to improve | sizoŋayırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to improve | alaoŋayırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to improve |
| be free to | menoŋayırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to improve | senoŋayırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to improve | oloŋayırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to improve | bizoŋayırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to improve | sizoŋayırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to improve | alaoŋayırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to improve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to improve | sensenŋe oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to improve | olaŋa oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to improve | bizbizge oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to improve | sizsizge oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to improve | alaalağa oŋayırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to improve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to improve | sensenŋe oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to improve | olaŋa oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to improve | bizbizge oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to improve | sizsizge oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to improve | alaalağa oŋayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to improve |
| be ready to | menoŋayırğa hazırmaI am ready to improve | senoŋayırğa hazırsayou are ready to improve | oloŋayırğa hazırdıhe is ready to improve | bizoŋayırğa hazırbızwe are ready to improve | sizoŋayırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to improve | alaoŋayırğa hazırdılathey are ready to improve |
| be ready to | menoŋayırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to improve | senoŋayırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to improve | oloŋayırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to improve | bizoŋayırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to improve | sizoŋayırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to improve | alaoŋayırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to improve |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menoŋayırğa küreşemeI am trying to improve | senoŋayırğa küreşeseyou are trying to improve | oloŋayırğa küreşedihe is trying to improve | bizoŋayırğa küreşebizwe are trying to improve | sizoŋayırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to improve | alaoŋayırğa küreşedilethey are trying to improve |
| try to | menoŋayırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to improve | senoŋayırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to improve | oloŋayırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to improve | bizoŋayırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to improve | sizoŋayırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to improve | alaoŋayırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to improve |
| agree to | menoŋayırğa unaymaI agree to improve | senoŋayırğa unaysayou agree to improve | oloŋayırğa unaydıhe agrees to improve | bizoŋayırğa unaybızwe agree to improve | sizoŋayırğa unaysızyou all agree to improve | alaoŋayırğa unaydılathey agree to improve |
| agree to | menoŋayırğa unamaymaI refuse to improve | senoŋayırğa unamaysayou refuse to improve | oloŋayırğa unamaydıhe refuses to improve | bizoŋayırğa unamaybızwe refuse to improve | sizoŋayırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to improve | alaoŋayırğa unamaydılathey refuse to improve |
| hurry to | menoŋayırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to improve | senoŋayırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to improve | oloŋayırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to improve | bizoŋayırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to improve | sizoŋayırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to improve | alaoŋayırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to improve |
| hurry to | menoŋayırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to improve | senoŋayırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to improve | oloŋayırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to improve | bizoŋayırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to improve | sizoŋayırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to improve | alaoŋayırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to improve |
| be afraid to | menoŋayırğa qorqamaI am afraid to improve | senoŋayırğa qorqasayou are afraid to improve | oloŋayırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to improve | bizoŋayırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to improve | sizoŋayırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to improve | alaoŋayırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to improve |
| be afraid to | menoŋayırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to improve | senoŋayırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to improve | oloŋayırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to improve | bizoŋayırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to improve | sizoŋayırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to improve | alaoŋayırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to improve |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menoŋaya bolmazmaI can't be improving | senoŋaya bolmazsayou can't be improving | oloŋaya bolmazhe can't be improving | bizoŋaya bolmazbızwe can't be improving | sizoŋaya bolmazsızyou all can't be improving | alaoŋaya bolmazlathey can't be improving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menoŋaymay bolmazmaI must be improving (emphatic) | senoŋaymay bolmazsayou must be improving (emphatic) | oloŋaymay bolmazhe must be improving (emphatic) | bizoŋaymay bolmazbızwe must be improving (emphatic) | sizoŋaymay bolmazsızyou all must be improving (emphatic) | alaoŋaymay bolmazlathey must be improving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menoŋaya turmasamif I don't keep improving | senoŋaya turmasaŋif you don't keep improving | oloŋaya turmasaif he doesn't keep improving | bizoŋaya turmasaqif we don't keep improving | sizoŋaya turmasağızif you all don't keep improving | alaoŋaya turmasalaif they don't keep improving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menoŋaya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of improving | senoŋaya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of improving | oloŋaya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of improving | bizoŋaya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of improving | sizoŋaya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of improving | alaoŋaya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of improving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menoŋaymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not improving (emphatic) | senoŋaymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not improving (emphatic) | oloŋaymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not improving (emphatic) | bizoŋaymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not improving (emphatic) | sizoŋaymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not improving (emphatic) | alaoŋaymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not improving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menoŋaymay turamaI keep on not improving | senoŋaymay turasayou keep on not improving | oloŋaymay turadıhe keeps on not improving | bizoŋaymay turabızwe keep on not improving | sizoŋaymay turasızyou all keep on not improving | alaoŋaymay turadılathey keep on not improving |
| Progressive — double negation | menoŋaymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not improving | senoŋaymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not improving | oloŋaymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not improving | bizoŋaymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not improving | sizoŋaymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not improving | alaoŋaymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not improving |
| Progressive — double negation | menoŋaymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not improving? | senoŋaymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not improving? | oloŋaymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not improving? | bizoŋaymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not improving? | sizoŋaymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not improving? | alaoŋaymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not improving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menoŋayğan bolmazmaI can't have improved | senoŋayğan bolmazsayou can't have improved | oloŋayğan bolmazhe can't have improved | bizoŋayğan bolmazbızwe can't have improved | sizoŋayğan bolmazsızyou all can't have improved | alaoŋayğan bolmazlathey can't have improved |
| Inference — double negation | menoŋaymağan bolmazmaI must have improved (emphatic) | senoŋaymağan bolmazsayou must have improved (emphatic) | oloŋaymağan bolmazhe must have improved (emphatic) | bizoŋaymağan bolmazbızwe must have improved (emphatic) | sizoŋaymağan bolmazsızyou all must have improved (emphatic) | alaoŋaymağan bolmazlathey must have improved (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menoŋayğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had improved | senoŋayğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had improved | oloŋayğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had improved | bizoŋayğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had improved | sizoŋayğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had improved | alaoŋayğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had improved |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menoŋaymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't improved | senoŋaymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't improved | oloŋaymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't improved | bizoŋaymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't improved | sizoŋaymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't improved | alaoŋaymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't improved |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menoŋayırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to improve | senoŋayırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to improve | oloŋayırıq bolmazhe can't be going to improve | bizoŋayırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to improve | sizoŋayırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to improve | alaoŋayırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to improve |
| Inference, future — double negation | menoŋaymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to improve (emphatic) | senoŋaymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to improve (emphatic) | oloŋaymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to improve (emphatic) | bizoŋaymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to improve (emphatic) | sizoŋaymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to improve (emphatic) | alaoŋaymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to improve (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menoŋayırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to improve | senoŋayırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to improve | oloŋayırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to improve | bizoŋayırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to improve | sizoŋayırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to improve | alaoŋayırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to improve |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menoŋaymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to improve | senoŋaymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to improve | oloŋaymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to improve | bizoŋaymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to improve | sizoŋaymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to improve | alaoŋaymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to improve |