kesgin
/kesɡin/
1. decisive, categorical, clear-cut, definite, resolute, sharp
- kesgin söz — a decisive word
- kesgin juwab — a categorical answer
- kesgin onow joqdu — there is no definite decision
- kesgin tawuş bla buyruq berdi — he gave the order in a sharp voice
2. concise, brief, laconic, crisp
- kesgin sözlü adam — a person of few words
- kesgin oyum — a concise thought
- anı dokladı kesgin edi — his report was concise
3. clear, distinct, expressive, easy to hear or make out — Used of speech, voice, sounds, steps and movements: kesgin söleşiw means clear diction.
- kesgin awaz — a clear voice
- kesgin awaz bla jırlaydı — she sings in a clear voice
- bir kesgin awaz çıqdı — a clear voice rang out
- kesgin atlamla bla atlay — stepping with distinct steps
4. legible, clear — Used of handwriting, print and lettering.
- kesgin hat — legible handwriting
- kesgin jazma — legible writing
- kesgin hat bla jazılğandı — it has been written in legible handwriting
- harifleri kesgin tüldüle — its letters are not legible
5. specific, concrete
- kesgin ülgüle bla — with specific examples
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | kesginmeI am sharp | kesginseyou are sharp | kesgindihe is sharp | kesginbizwe are sharp | kesginsizyou all are sharp | kesgindilethey are sharp |
| comparative — more | kesginirekmeI am sharper | kesginirekseyou are sharper | kesginirekdihe is sharper | kesginirekbizwe are sharper | kesginireksizyou all are sharper | kesginirekdilethey are sharper |
| intensifier — very | bek kesginmeI am very sharp | bek kesginseyou are very sharp | bek kesgindihe is very sharp | bek kesginbizwe are very sharp | bek kesginsizyou all are very sharp | bek kesgindilethey are very sharp |
| superlative — most | em kesginmeI am the sharpest | em kesginseyou are the sharpest | em kesgindihe is the sharpest | em kesginbizwe are the sharpest | em kesginsizyou all are the sharpest | em kesgindilethey are the sharpest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden kesgindi — "compared to me, he is sharp."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki kesgindimine is sharp | seniki kesgindiyours is sharp | anıqı kesgindihis is sharp | bizniki kesgindiours is sharp | sizniki kesgindiyours (pl.) is sharp | alanıqı kesginditheirs is sharp |
| comparative — more | meniki kesginirekdimine is sharper | seniki kesginirekdiyours is sharper | anıqı kesginirekdihis is sharper | bizniki kesginirekdiours is sharper | sizniki kesginirekdiyours (pl.) is sharper | alanıqı kesginirekditheirs is sharper |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek kesgindimine is very sharp | seniki bek kesgindiyours is very sharp | anıqı bek kesgindihis is very sharp | bizniki bek kesgindiours is very sharp | sizniki bek kesgindiyours (pl.) is very sharp | alanıqı bek kesginditheirs is very sharp |
| superlative — most | meniki em kesgindimine is the sharpest | seniki em kesgindiyours is the sharpest | anıqı em kesgindihis is the sharpest | bizniki em kesgindiours is the sharpest | sizniki em kesgindiyours (pl.) is the sharpest | alanıqı em kesginditheirs is the sharpest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile kesgindilemine are sharp | senikile kesgindileyours are sharp | anıqıla kesgindilehis are sharp | biznikile kesgindileours are sharp | siznikile kesgindileyours (pl.) are sharp | alanıqıla kesgindiletheirs are sharp |
| comparative — more | menikile kesginirekdilemine are sharper | senikile kesginirekdileyours are sharper | anıqıla kesginirekdilehis are sharper | biznikile kesginirekdileours are sharper | siznikile kesginirekdileyours (pl.) are sharper | alanıqıla kesginirekdiletheirs are sharper |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek kesgindilemine are very sharp | senikile bek kesgindileyours are very sharp | anıqıla bek kesgindilehis are very sharp | biznikile bek kesgindileours are very sharp | siznikile bek kesgindileyours (pl.) are very sharp | alanıqıla bek kesgindiletheirs are very sharp |
| superlative — most | menikile em kesgindilemine are the sharpest | senikile em kesgindileyours are the sharpest | anıqıla em kesgindilehis are the sharpest | biznikile em kesgindileours are the sharpest | siznikile em kesgindileyours (pl.) are the sharpest | alanıqıla em kesgindiletheirs are the sharpest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu kesgindi, bıla kesgindile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".