kölsünürge
/kølsynyrɡe/
take heart, be inspired, warm to something, get in the mood for something — Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay. Common phrases: kölsünüb işlerge "work with inspiration", igi işge kölsünürge "be inspired to do good work". one source
- igi işge kölsünürge — be inspired to do good work
Conjugation
Common forms
- kölsünedihe is taking heart
- kölsündühe took heart
- kölsünŋendihe has taken heart
- kölsünürhe will take heart
- kölsünnükdühe is going to take heart
- kölsüne edihe was taking heart
- kölsünseif he takes heart
- kölsün!take heart!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkölsünemeI am taking heart | senkölsüneseyou are taking heart | olkölsünedihe is taking heart | bizkölsünebizwe are taking heart | sizkölsünesizyou all are taking heart | alakölsünedilethey are taking heart |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkölsünmeymeI am not taking heart | senkölsünmeyseyou are not taking heart | olkölsünmeydihe is not taking heart | bizkölsünmeybizwe are not taking heart | sizkölsünmeysizyou all are not taking heart | alakölsünmeydilethey are not taking heart |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkölsünememi? kölsünemime?am I taking heart? | senkölsünemise?are you taking heart? | olkölsünemidi?is he taking heart? | bizkölsünebizmi? kölsünemibiz?are we taking heart? | sizkölsünemisiz?are you all taking heart? | alakölsünemidile?are they taking heart? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkölsünmeymemi? kölsünmeymime?aren't I taking heart? | senkölsünmeymise?aren't you taking heart? | olkölsünmeymidi?isn't he taking heart? | bizkölsünmeybizmi? kölsünmeymibiz?aren't we taking heart? | sizkölsünmeymisiz?aren't you all taking heart? | alakölsünmeymidile?aren't they taking heart? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölsünüwçenmeI usually take heart | senkölsünüwçenseyou usually take heart | olkölsünüwçendihe usually takes heart | bizkölsünüwçenbizwe usually take heart | sizkölsünüwçensizyou all usually take heart | alakölsünüwçendilethey usually take heart |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölsünmewçenmeI usually don't take heart | senkölsünmewçenseyou usually don't take heart | olkölsünmewçendihe usually doesn't take heart | bizkölsünmewçenbizwe usually don't take heart | sizkölsünmewçensizyou all usually don't take heart | alakölsünmewçendilethey usually don't take heart |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölsünüwçenmemi? kölsünüwçenmime?do I usually take heart? | senkölsünüwçenmise?do you usually take heart? | olkölsünüwçenmidi?does he usually take heart? | bizkölsünüwçenbizmi? kölsünüwçenmibiz?do we usually take heart? | sizkölsünüwçenmisiz?do you all usually take heart? | alakölsünüwçenmidile?do they usually take heart? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölsünmewçenmemi? kölsünmewçenmime?do I usually not take heart? | senkölsünmewçenmise?do you usually not take heart? | olkölsünmewçenmidi?does he usually not take heart? | bizkölsünmewçenbizmi? kölsünmewçenmibiz?do we usually not take heart? | sizkölsünmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not take heart? | alakölsünmewçenmidile?do they usually not take heart? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkölsünübdühe has taken heart and remains so | alakölsünübdülethey have taken heart and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkölsünübmüdü?has he taken heart? | alakölsünübmüdüle?have they taken heart? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkölsünüb turamaI keep taking heart | senkölsünüb turasayou keep taking heart | olkölsünüb turadıhe keeps taking heart | bizkölsünüb turabızwe keep taking heart | sizkölsünüb turasızyou all keep taking heart | alakölsünüb turadılathey keep taking heart |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkölsünüb turmaymaI don't keep taking heart | senkölsünüb turmaysayou don't keep taking heart | olkölsünüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep taking heart | bizkölsünüb turmaybızwe don't keep taking heart | sizkölsünüb turmaysızyou all don't keep taking heart | alakölsünüb turmaydılathey don't keep taking heart |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkölsünüb turamamı? kölsünüb turamıma?do I keep taking heart? | senkölsünüb turamısa?do you keep taking heart? | olkölsünüb turamıdı?does he keep taking heart? | bizkölsünüb turabızmı? kölsünüb turamıbız?do we keep taking heart? | sizkölsünüb turamısız?do you all keep taking heart? | alakölsünüb turamıdıla?do they keep taking heart? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkölsünüb turmaymamı? kölsünüb turmaymıma?don't I keep taking heart? | senkölsünüb turmaymısa?don't you keep taking heart? | olkölsünüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep taking heart? | bizkölsünüb turmaybızmı? kölsünüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep taking heart? | sizkölsünüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep taking heart? | alakölsünüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep taking heart? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkölsüne turamaI am in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne turasayou are in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne turadıhe is in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne turabızwe are in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne turasızyou all are in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne turadılathey are in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkölsüne turmaymaI am not in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne turmaysayou are not in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne turmaydıhe is not in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne turmaybızwe are not in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne turmaydılathey are not in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkölsüne turamamı? kölsüne turamıma?am I in the middle of taking heart? | senkölsüne turamısa?are you in the middle of taking heart? | olkölsüne turamıdı?is he in the middle of taking heart? | bizkölsüne turabızmı? kölsüne turamıbız?are we in the middle of taking heart? | sizkölsüne turamısız?are you all in the middle of taking heart? | alakölsüne turamıdıla?are they in the middle of taking heart? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkölsüne turmaymamı? kölsüne turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of taking heart? | senkölsüne turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of taking heart? | olkölsüne turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of taking heart? | bizkölsüne turmaybızmı? kölsüne turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of taking heart? | sizkölsüne turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of taking heart? | alakölsüne turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of taking heart? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkölsündümI took heart | senkölsündüŋyou took heart | olkölsündühe took heart | bizkölsündükwe took heart | sizkölsündügüzyou all took heart | alakölsündülethey took heart |
| Simple past (definite) | menkölsünmedimI didn't take heart | senkölsünmediŋyou didn't take heart | olkölsünmedihe didn't take heart | bizkölsünmedikwe didn't take heart | sizkölsünmedigizyou all didn't take heart | alakölsünmedilethey didn't take heart |
| Simple past (definite) | menkölsündümmü?did I take heart? | senkölsündüŋmü?did you take heart? | olkölsündümü?did he take heart? | bizkölsündükmü?did we take heart? | sizkölsündügüzmü?did you all take heart? | alakölsündülemi?did they take heart? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkölsünmedimmi?didn't I take heart? | senkölsünmediŋmi?didn't you take heart? | olkölsünmedimi?didn't he take heart? | bizkölsünmedikmi?didn't we take heart? | sizkölsünmedigizmi?didn't you all take heart? | alakölsünmedilemi?didn't they take heart? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkölsünŋenmeI have taken heart | senkölsünŋenseyou have taken heart | olkölsünŋendihe has taken heart | bizkölsünŋenbizwe have taken heart | sizkölsünŋensizyou all have taken heart | alakölsünŋendilethey have taken heart |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkölsünmegenmeI haven't taken heart | senkölsünmegenseyou haven't taken heart | olkölsünmegendihe hasn't taken heart | bizkölsünmegenbizwe haven't taken heart | sizkölsünmegensizyou all haven't taken heart | alakölsünmegendilethey haven't taken heart |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkölsünŋenmemi? kölsünŋenmime?have I taken heart? | senkölsünŋenmise?have you taken heart? | olkölsünŋenmidi?has he taken heart? | bizkölsünŋenbizmi? kölsünŋenmibiz?have we taken heart? | sizkölsünŋenmisiz?have you all taken heart? | alakölsünŋenmidile?have they taken heart? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkölsünmegenmemi? kölsünmegenmime?haven't I taken heart? | senkölsünmegenmise?haven't you taken heart? | olkölsünmegenmidi?hasn't he taken heart? | bizkölsünmegenbizmi? kölsünmegenmibiz?haven't we taken heart? | sizkölsünmegenmisiz?haven't you all taken heart? | alakölsünmegenmidile?haven't they taken heart? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkölsünüb turdumI kept taking heart | senkölsünüb turduŋyou kept taking heart | olkölsünüb turduhe kept taking heart | bizkölsünüb turduqwe kept taking heart | sizkölsünüb turduğuzyou all kept taking heart | alakölsünüb turdulathey kept taking heart |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkölsünüb turmadımI didn't keep taking heart | senkölsünüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep taking heart | olkölsünüb turmadıhe didn't keep taking heart | bizkölsünüb turmadıqwe didn't keep taking heart | sizkölsünüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep taking heart | alakölsünüb turmadılathey didn't keep taking heart |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkölsünürmeI will take heart | senkölsünürseyou will take heart | olkölsünürhe will take heart | bizkölsünürbüzwe will take heart | sizkölsünürsüzyou all will take heart | alakölsünürlethey will take heart |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkölsünmezmeI won't take heart | senkölsünmezseyou won't take heart | olkölsünmezhe won't take heart | bizkölsünmezbizwe won't take heart | sizkölsünmezsizyou all won't take heart | alakölsünmezlethey won't take heart |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkölsünürmemi? kölsünürmüme?will I take heart? | senkölsünürmüse?will you take heart? | olkölsünürmü?will he take heart? | bizkölsünürbüzmü? kölsünürmübüz?will we take heart? | sizkölsünürmüsüz?will you all take heart? | alakölsünürlemi? kölsünürmüle?will they take heart? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkölsünmezmemi? kölsünmezmime?won't I take heart? | senkölsünmezmise?won't you take heart? | olkölsünmezmi?won't he take heart? | bizkölsünmezbizmi? kölsünmezmibiz?won't we take heart? | sizkölsünmezmisiz?won't you all take heart? | alakölsünmezlemi? kölsünmezmile?won't they take heart? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkölsünnükme1kölsünürükmeI am going to take heart | senkölsünnükse1kölsünürükseyou are going to take heart | olkölsünnükdü1kölsünürükdühe is going to take heart | bizkölsünnükbüz1kölsünürükbüzwe are going to take heart | sizkölsünnüksüz1kölsünürüksüzyou all are going to take heart | alakölsünnükdüle1kölsünürükdülethey are going to take heart |
| Definite future (future II) | menkölsünnük tülme1kölsünürük tülmeI am not going to take heart | senkölsünnük tülse1kölsünürük tülseyou are not going to take heart | olkölsünnük tüldü1kölsünürük tüldühe is not going to take heart | bizkölsünnük tülbüz1kölsünürük tülbüzwe are not going to take heart | sizkölsünnük tülsüz1kölsünürük tülsüzyou all are not going to take heart | alakölsünnük tüldüle1kölsünürük tüldülethey are not going to take heart |
| Definite future (future II) | menkölsünnükmemi?1 kölsünnükmüme?kölsünürükmemi?am I going to take heart? | senkölsünnükmüse?1kölsünürükmüse?are you going to take heart? | olkölsünnükmüdü?1kölsünürükmüdü?is he going to take heart? | bizkölsünnükbüzmü?1 kölsünnükmübüz?kölsünürükbüzmü?are we going to take heart? | sizkölsünnükmüsüz?1kölsünürükmüsüz?are you all going to take heart? | alakölsünnükmüdüle?1kölsünürükmüdüle?are they going to take heart? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkölsünnük tülmüme?1kölsünürük tülmüme?aren't I going to take heart? | senkölsünnük tülmüse?1kölsünürük tülmüse?aren't you going to take heart? | olkölsünnük tülmüdü?1kölsünürük tülmüdü?isn't he going to take heart? | bizkölsünnük tülmübüz?1kölsünürük tülmübüz?aren't we going to take heart? | sizkölsünnük tülmüsüz?1kölsünürük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to take heart? | alakölsünnük tülmüdüle?1kölsünürük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to take heart? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so kölsünürükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkölsünŋen edimkölsünŋenemI had taken heart | senkölsünŋen ediŋkölsünŋeneŋyou had taken heart | olkölsünŋen edikölsünŋenedhe had taken heart | bizkölsünŋen edikkölsünŋenekwe had taken heart | sizkölsünŋen edigizkölsünŋenegizyou all had taken heart | alakölsünŋen edilekölsünŋenellethey had taken heart |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkölsünmegen edimkölsünmegenemI hadn't taken heart | senkölsünmegen ediŋkölsünmegeneŋyou hadn't taken heart | olkölsünmegen edikölsünmegenedhe hadn't taken heart | bizkölsünmegen edikkölsünmegenekwe hadn't taken heart | sizkölsünmegen edigizkölsünmegenegizyou all hadn't taken heart | alakölsünmegen edilekölsünmegenellethey hadn't taken heart |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkölsüne edimkölsünemI was taking heart | senkölsüne ediŋkölsüneŋyou were taking heart | olkölsüne edikölsünedhe was taking heart | bizkölsüne edikkölsünekwe were taking heart | sizkölsüne edigizkölsünegizyou all were taking heart | alakölsüne edilekölsünellethey were taking heart |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkölsünmey edimkölsünmeyemI wasn't taking heart | senkölsünmey ediŋkölsünmeyeŋyou weren't taking heart | olkölsünmey edikölsünmeyedhe wasn't taking heart | bizkölsünmey edikkölsünmeyekwe weren't taking heart | sizkölsünmey edigizkölsünmeyegizyou all weren't taking heart | alakölsünmey edilekölsünmeyellethey weren't taking heart |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkölsünüwçen edimkölsünüwçenemI used to take heart | senkölsünüwçen ediŋkölsünüwçeneŋyou used to take heart | olkölsünüwçen edikölsünüwçenedhe used to take heart | bizkölsünüwçen edikkölsünüwçenekwe used to take heart | sizkölsünüwçen edigizkölsünüwçenegizyou all used to take heart | alakölsünüwçen edilekölsünüwçenellethey used to take heart |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkölsünmewçen edimkölsünmewçenemI didn't use to take heart | senkölsünmewçen ediŋkölsünmewçeneŋyou didn't use to take heart | olkölsünmewçen edikölsünmewçenedhe didn't use to take heart | bizkölsünmewçen edikkölsünmewçenekwe didn't use to take heart | sizkölsünmewçen edigizkölsünmewçenegizyou all didn't use to take heart | alakölsünmewçen edilekölsünmewçenellethey didn't use to take heart |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkölsünüb edihe had taken heart and remained so | alakölsünüb edilethey had taken heart and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkölsünüb tül edihe hadn't taken heart | alakölsünüb tül edilethey hadn't taken heart | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkölsünüb tura edimkölsünüb turaemI had kept taking heart | senkölsünüb tura ediŋkölsünüb turaeŋyou had kept taking heart | olkölsünüb tura edikölsünüb turaedhe had kept taking heart | bizkölsünüb tura edikkölsünüb turaekwe had kept taking heart | sizkölsünüb tura edigizkölsünüb turaegizyou all had kept taking heart | alakölsünüb tura edilekölsünüb turaellethey had kept taking heart |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkölsünüb turmay edimkölsünüb turmayemI hadn't kept taking heart | senkölsünüb turmay ediŋkölsünüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept taking heart | olkölsünüb turmay edikölsünüb turmayedhe hadn't kept taking heart | bizkölsünüb turmay edikkölsünüb turmayekwe hadn't kept taking heart | sizkölsünüb turmay edigizkölsünüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept taking heart | alakölsünüb turmay edilekölsünüb turmayellethey hadn't kept taking heart |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkölsüne tura edimkölsüne turaemI was in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne tura ediŋkölsüne turaeŋyou were in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne tura edikölsüne turaedhe was in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne tura edikkölsüne turaekwe were in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne tura edigizkölsüne turaegizyou all were in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne tura edilekölsüne turaellethey were in the middle of taking heart |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkölsüne turmay edimkölsüne turmayemI wasn't in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne turmay ediŋkölsüne turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne turmay edikölsüne turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne turmay edikkölsüne turmayekwe weren't in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne turmay edigizkölsüne turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne turmay edilekölsüne turmayellethey weren't in the middle of taking heart |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkölsünür edimkölsünür emI would take heart | senkölsünür ediŋkölsünür eŋyou would take heart | olkölsünür edikölsünür edhe would take heart | bizkölsünür edikkölsünür ekwe would take heart | sizkölsünür edigizkölsünür egizyou all would take heart | alakölsünür edilekölsünür ellethey would take heart |
| Conditional result (would) | menkölsünmez edimkölsünmez emI wouldn't take heart | senkölsünmez ediŋkölsünmez eŋyou wouldn't take heart | olkölsünmez edikölsünmez edhe wouldn't take heart | bizkölsünmez edikkölsünmez ekwe wouldn't take heart | sizkölsünmez edigizkölsünmez egizyou all wouldn't take heart | alakölsünmez edilekölsünmez ellethey wouldn't take heart |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkölsünnük edim2kölsünnük emkölsünürük edimI would have taken heart | senkölsünnük ediŋ2kölsünnük eŋkölsünürük ediŋyou would have taken heart | olkölsünnük edi2kölsünnük edkölsünürük edihe would have taken heart | bizkölsünnük edik2kölsünnük ekkölsünürük edikwe would have taken heart | sizkölsünnük edigiz2kölsünnük egizkölsünürük edigizyou all would have taken heart | alakölsünnük edile2kölsünnük ellekölsünürük edilethey would have taken heart |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkölsünnük tül edim2kölsünnük tül emkölsünürük tül edimI wouldn't have taken heart | senkölsünnük tül ediŋ2kölsünnük tül eŋkölsünürük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have taken heart | olkölsünnük tül edi2kölsünnük tül edkölsünürük tül edihe wouldn't have taken heart | bizkölsünnük tül edik2kölsünnük tül ekkölsünürük tül edikwe wouldn't have taken heart | sizkölsünnük tül edigiz2kölsünnük tül egizkölsünürük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have taken heart | alakölsünnük tül edile2kölsünnük tül ellekölsünürük tül edilethey wouldn't have taken heart |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so kölsünürük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkölsünsemif I take heart | senkölsünseŋif you take heart | olkölsünseif he takes heart | bizkölsünsekif we take heart | sizkölsünsegizif you all take heart | alakölsünseleif they take heart |
| Conditional | menkölsünmesemif I don't take heart | senkölsünmeseŋif you don't take heart | olkölsünmeseif he doesn't take heart | bizkölsünmesekif we don't take heart | sizkölsünmesegizif you all don't take heart | alakölsünmeseleif they don't take heart |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkölsüne esemif I am taking heart | senkölsüne eseŋif you are taking heart | olkölsüne eseif he is taking heart | bizkölsüne esekif we are taking heart | sizkölsüne esegizif you all are taking heart | alakölsüne eseleif they are taking heart |
| Conditional, present real | menkölsünmey esemif I am not taking heart | senkölsünmey eseŋif you are not taking heart | olkölsünmey eseif he is not taking heart | bizkölsünmey esekif we are not taking heart | sizkölsünmey esegizif you all are not taking heart | alakölsünmey eseleif they are not taking heart |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkölsünsem edikölsünsem edif only I took heart | senkölsünseŋ edikölsünseŋ edif only you took heart | olkölsünse edikölsünsedif only he took heart | bizkölsünsek edikölsünsek edif only we took heart | sizkölsünsegiz edikölsünsegiz edif only you all took heart | alakölsünsele edikölsünseledif only they took heart |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkölsünmesem edikölsünmesem edif only I didn't take heart | senkölsünmeseŋ edikölsünmeseŋ edif only you didn't take heart | olkölsünmese edikölsünmesedif only he didn't take heart | bizkölsünmesek edikölsünmesek edif only we didn't take heart | sizkölsünmesegiz edikölsünmesegiz edif only you all didn't take heart | alakölsünmesele edikölsünmeseledif only they didn't take heart |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkölsünüb tursamif I carry on taking heart | senkölsünüb tursaŋif you carry on taking heart | olkölsünüb tursaif he carries on taking heart | bizkölsünüb tursaqif we carry on taking heart | sizkölsünüb tursağızif you all carry on taking heart | alakölsünüb tursalaif they carry on taking heart |
| Durative conditional | menkölsünüb turmasamif I don't carry on taking heart | senkölsünüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on taking heart | olkölsünüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on taking heart | bizkölsünüb turmasaqif we don't carry on taking heart | sizkölsünüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on taking heart | alakölsünüb turmasalaif they don't carry on taking heart |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkölsünüb tura esemif I have kept taking heart | senkölsünüb tura eseŋif you have kept taking heart | olkölsünüb tura eseif he has kept taking heart | bizkölsünüb tura esekif we have kept taking heart | sizkölsünüb tura esegizif you all have kept taking heart | alakölsünüb tura eseleif they have kept taking heart |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkölsünüb turmay esemif I haven't kept taking heart | senkölsünüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept taking heart | olkölsünüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept taking heart | bizkölsünüb turmay esekif we haven't kept taking heart | sizkölsünüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept taking heart | alakölsünüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept taking heart |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkölsüne tursamif I keep taking heart | senkölsüne tursaŋif you keep taking heart | olkölsüne tursaif he keeps taking heart | bizkölsüne tursaqif we keep taking heart | sizkölsüne tursağızif you all keep taking heart | alakölsüne tursalaif they keep taking heart |
| Progressive conditional | menkölsünmey tursamif I keep on not taking heart | senkölsünmey tursaŋif you keep on not taking heart | olkölsünmey tursaif he keeps on not taking heart | bizkölsünmey tursaqif we keep on not taking heart | sizkölsünmey tursağızif you all keep on not taking heart | alakölsünmey tursalaif they keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkölsüne tura esemif I am in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne tura eseŋif you are in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne tura eseif he is in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne tura esekif we are in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne tura esegizif you all are in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne tura eseleif they are in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkölsünmey tura esemif I keep on not taking heart | senkölsünmey tura eseŋif you keep on not taking heart | olkölsünmey tura eseif he keeps on not taking heart | bizkölsünmey tura esekif we keep on not taking heart | sizkölsünmey tura esegizif you all keep on not taking heart | alakölsünmey tura eseleif they keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkölsündüm esemif I took heart | senkölsündüŋ eseŋif you took heart | olkölsündü eseif he took heart | bizkölsündük esekif we took heart | sizkölsündügüz esegizif you all took heart | alakölsündüle eseleif they took heart |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkölsünmedim esemif I didn't take heart | senkölsünmediŋ eseŋif you didn't take heart | olkölsünmedi eseif he didn't take heart | bizkölsünmedik esekif we didn't take heart | sizkölsünmedigiz esegizif you all didn't take heart | alakölsünmedile eseleif they didn't take heart |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkölsünŋen esemif I did take heart (indeed) | senkölsünŋen eseŋif you did take heart (indeed) | olkölsünŋen eseif he did take heart (indeed) | bizkölsünŋen esekif we did take heart (indeed) | sizkölsünŋen esegizif you all did take heart (indeed) | alakölsünŋen eseleif they did take heart (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkölsünmegen esemif I didn't take heart (indeed) | senkölsünmegen eseŋif you didn't take heart (indeed) | olkölsünmegen eseif he didn't take heart (indeed) | bizkölsünmegen esekif we didn't take heart (indeed) | sizkölsünmegen esegizif you all didn't take heart (indeed) | alakölsünmegen eseleif they didn't take heart (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkölsünŋen bolsamif I had taken heart | senkölsünŋen bolsaŋif you had taken heart | olkölsünŋen bolsaif he had taken heart | bizkölsünŋen bolsaqif we had taken heart | sizkölsünŋen bolsağızif you all had taken heart | alakölsünŋen bolsalaif they had taken heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkölsünmegen bolsamif I hadn't taken heart | senkölsünmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't taken heart | olkölsünmegen bolsaif he hadn't taken heart | bizkölsünmegen bolsaqif we hadn't taken heart | sizkölsünmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't taken heart | alakölsünmegen bolsalaif they hadn't taken heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkölsünŋen bolsam edikölsünŋen bolsam edif only I had taken heart | senkölsünŋen bolsaŋ edikölsünŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had taken heart | olkölsünŋen bolsa edikölsünŋen bolsaedif only he had taken heart | bizkölsünŋen bolsaq edikölsünŋen bolsaq edif only we had taken heart | sizkölsünŋen bolsağız edikölsünŋen bolsağız edif only you all had taken heart | alakölsünŋen bolsala edikölsünŋen bolsalaedif only they had taken heart |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkölsünmegen bolsam edikölsünmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't taken heart | senkölsünmegen bolsaŋ edikölsünmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taken heart | olkölsünmegen bolsa edikölsünmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't taken heart | bizkölsünmegen bolsaq edikölsünmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't taken heart | sizkölsünmegen bolsağız edikölsünmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taken heart | alakölsünmegen bolsala edikölsünmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't taken heart |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkölsünür esemif I will take heart | senkölsünür eseŋif you will take heart | olkölsünür eseif he will take heart | bizkölsünür esekif we will take heart | sizkölsünür esegizif you all will take heart | alakölsünür eseleif they will take heart |
| Conditional, aorist | menkölsünmez esemif I won't take heart | senkölsünmez eseŋif you won't take heart | olkölsünmez eseif he won't take heart | bizkölsünmez esekif we won't take heart | sizkölsünmez esegizif you all won't take heart | alakölsünmez eseleif they won't take heart |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkölsünnük esem4kölsünürük esemif I am going to take heart | senkölsünnük eseŋ4kölsünürük eseŋif you are going to take heart | olkölsünnük ese4kölsünürük eseif he is going to take heart | bizkölsünnük esek4kölsünürük esekif we are going to take heart | sizkölsünnük esegiz4kölsünürük esegizif you all are going to take heart | alakölsünnük esele4kölsünürük eseleif they are going to take heart |
| Conditional, future | menkölsünnük tül esem4kölsünürük tül esemif I am not going to take heart | senkölsünnük tül eseŋ4kölsünürük tül eseŋif you are not going to take heart | olkölsünnük tül ese4kölsünürük tül eseif he is not going to take heart | bizkölsünnük tül esek4kölsünürük tül esekif we are not going to take heart | sizkölsünnük tül esegiz4kölsünürük tül esegizif you all are not going to take heart | alakölsünnük tül esele4kölsünürük tül eseleif they are not going to take heart |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkölsünnük bolsam5kölsünürük bolsamif I were going to take heart | senkölsünnük bolsaŋ5kölsünürük bolsaŋif you were going to take heart | olkölsünnük bolsa5kölsünürük bolsaif he were going to take heart | bizkölsünnük bolsaq5kölsünürük bolsaqif we were going to take heart | sizkölsünnük bolsağız5kölsünürük bolsağızif you all were going to take heart | alakölsünnük bolsala5kölsünürük bolsalaif they were going to take heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkölsünmezlik bolsamif I were not going to take heart | senkölsünmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to take heart | olkölsünmezlik bolsaif he were not going to take heart | bizkölsünmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to take heart | sizkölsünmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to take heart | alakölsünmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to take heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kölsündüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so kölsünürük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so kölsünürük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkölsüne bolurmaI must be taking heart | senkölsüne bolursayou must be taking heart | olkölsüne bolurhe must be taking heart | bizkölsüne bolurbuzwe must be taking heart | sizkölsüne bolursuzyou all must be taking heart | alakölsüne bolurlathey must be taking heart |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkölsünmey bolurmaI must not be taking heart | senkölsünmey bolursayou must not be taking heart | olkölsünmey bolurhe must not be taking heart | bizkölsünmey bolurbuzwe must not be taking heart | sizkölsünmey bolursuzyou all must not be taking heart | alakölsünmey bolurlathey must not be taking heart |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkölsüne tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne tura bolursayou must be in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne tura bolurhe must be in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of taking heart |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkölsünmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not taking heart | senkölsünmey tura bolursayou must keep on not taking heart | olkölsünmey tura bolurhe must keep on not taking heart | bizkölsünmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not taking heart | sizkölsünmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not taking heart | alakölsünmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not taking heart |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkölsünŋen bolurmaI must have taken heart | senkölsünŋen bolursayou must have taken heart | olkölsünŋen bolurhe must have taken heart | bizkölsünŋen bolurbuzwe must have taken heart | sizkölsünŋen bolursuzyou all must have taken heart | alakölsünŋen bolurlathey must have taken heart |
| Inference (must have) | menkölsünmegen bolurmaI must not have taken heart | senkölsünmegen bolursayou must not have taken heart | olkölsünmegen bolurhe must not have taken heart | bizkölsünmegen bolurbuzwe must not have taken heart | sizkölsünmegen bolursuzyou all must not have taken heart | alakölsünmegen bolurlathey must not have taken heart |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkölsünnük bolurma6kölsünürük bolurmaI must be going to take heart | senkölsünnük bolursa6kölsünürük bolursayou must be going to take heart | olkölsünnük bolur6kölsünürük bolurhe must be going to take heart | bizkölsünnük bolurbuz6kölsünürük bolurbuzwe must be going to take heart | sizkölsünnük bolursuz6kölsünürük bolursuzyou all must be going to take heart | alakölsünnük bolurla6kölsünürük bolurlathey must be going to take heart |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkölsünmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to take heart | senkölsünmezlik bolursayou must not be going to take heart | olkölsünmezlik bolurhe must not be going to take heart | bizkölsünmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to take heart | sizkölsünmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to take heart | alakölsünmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to take heart |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so kölsünürük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkölsüneyimlet me take heart | senkölsün!take heart! | olkölsünsünlet him take heart | bizkölsüneyiklet's take heart | sizkölsünügüz!take heart, you all! | alakölsünsünlelet them take heart |
| Commands & suggestions | menkölsünmeyimlet me not take heart | senkölsünme!don't take heart! | olkölsünmesinlet him not take heart | bizkölsünmeyiklet's not take heart | sizkölsünmegiz!don't take heart, you all! | alakölsünmesinlelet them not take heart |
| Commands & suggestions | menkölsüneyimmi?shall I take heart? | olkölsünsünmü?should he take heart? | bizkölsüneyikmi?shall we take heart? | alakölsünsünlemi?should they take heart? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkölsünmeyimmi?shall I not take heart? | olkölsünmesinmi?should he not take heart? | bizkölsünmeyikmi?shall we not take heart? | alakölsünmesinlemi?should they not take heart? | ||
| Requests | senkölsünçü7kölsünçünplease take heart | olkölsünsünçüdo let him take heart | sizkölsünçügüzplease take heart (plural/polite) | alakölsünsünleçido let them take heart | ||
| Requests | senkölsünmeçi7kölsünmeçinplease don't take heart | olkölsünmesinçido let him not take heart | sizkölsünmeçigizplease don't take heart (plural/polite) | alakölsünmesinleçido let them not take heart | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkölsünŋünkölsünŋümay you take heart | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkölsünmeginkölsünmegimay you not take heart | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkölsünŋey edim kölsünŋe edimwould that I took heart | senkölsünŋey ediŋ kölsünŋe ediŋwould that you took heart | olkölsünŋey edi kölsünŋe ediwould that he took heart | bizkölsünŋey edik kölsünŋe edikwould that we took heart | sizkölsünŋey edigiz kölsünŋe edigizwould that you all took heart | alakölsünŋey edile kölsünŋe edilewould that they took heart |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkölsünmegey edim kölsünmege edimwould that I did not take heart | senkölsünmegey ediŋ kölsünmege ediŋwould that you did not take heart | olkölsünmegey edi kölsünmege ediwould that he did not take heart | bizkölsünmegey edik kölsünmege edikwould that we did not take heart | sizkölsünmegey edigiz kölsünmege edigizwould that you all did not take heart | alakölsünmegey edile kölsünmege edilewould that they did not take heart |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkölsünmege qoyayımkölsünme qoyayımlet me allow someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoy!kölsünme qoy!let someone take heart! | olkölsünmege qoysunkölsünme qoysunlet him allow someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoyayıqkölsünme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoyuğuz!kölsünme qoyuğuz!let someone take heart, you all! | alakölsünmege qoysunlakölsünme qoysunlalet them allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkölsünmege qoymayımkölsünme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoyma!kölsünme qoyma!don't let someone take heart! | olkölsünmege qoymasınkölsünme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoymayıqkölsünme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoymağız!kölsünme qoymağız!don't let someone take heart, you all! | alakölsünmege qoymasınlakölsünme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkölsünmege qoyayımmı?kölsünme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoysunmu?kölsünme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoyayıqmı?kölsünme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoysunlamı?kölsünme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to take heart? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkölsünmege qoymayımmı?kölsünme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoymasınmı?kölsünme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoymayıqmı?kölsünme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoymasınlamı?kölsünme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to take heart? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkölsünmege qoyamakölsünme qoyamaI allow someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoyasakölsünme qoyasayou allow someone to take heart | olkölsünmege qoyadıkölsünme qoyadıhe allows someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoyabızkölsünme qoyabızwe allow someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoyasızkölsünme qoyasızyou all allow someone to take heart | alakölsünmege qoyadılakölsünme qoyadılathey allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (present) | menkölsünmege qoymaymakölsünme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoymaysakölsünme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to take heart | olkölsünmege qoymaydıkölsünme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoymaybızkölsünme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoymaysızkölsünme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to take heart | alakölsünmege qoymaydılakölsünme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (present) | menkölsünmege qoyamamı?kölsünme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to take heart? | senkölsünmege qoyamısa?kölsünme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoyamıdı?kölsünme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoyabızmı?kölsünme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to take heart? | sizkölsünmege qoyamısız?kölsünme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoyamıdıla?kölsünme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkölsünmege qoymaymamı?kölsünme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to take heart? | senkölsünmege qoymaymısa?kölsünme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoymaymıdı?kölsünme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoymaybızmı?kölsünme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to take heart? | sizkölsünmege qoymaymısız?kölsünme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoymaymıdıla?kölsünme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkölsünmege qoydumkölsünme qoydumI allowed someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoyduŋkölsünme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to take heart | olkölsünmege qoydukölsünme qoyduhe allowed someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoyduqkölsünme qoyduqwe allowed someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoyduğuzkölsünme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to take heart | alakölsünmege qoydulakölsünme qoydulathey allowed someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (past) | menkölsünmege qoymadımkölsünme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to take heart | senkölsünmege qoymadıŋkölsünme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to take heart | olkölsünmege qoymadıkölsünme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to take heart | bizkölsünmege qoymadıqkölsünme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to take heart | sizkölsünmege qoymadığızkölsünme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to take heart | alakölsünmege qoymadılakölsünme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (past) | menkölsünmege qoydummu?kölsünme qoydummu?did I allow someone to take heart? | senkölsünmege qoyduŋmu?kölsünme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoydumu?kölsünme qoydumu?did he allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoyduqmu?kölsünme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to take heart? | sizkölsünmege qoyduğuzmu?kölsünme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoydulamı?kölsünme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkölsünmege qoymadımmı?kölsünme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to take heart? | senkölsünmege qoymadıŋmı?kölsünme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to take heart? | olkölsünmege qoymadımı?kölsünme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to take heart? | bizkölsünmege qoymadıqmı?kölsünme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to take heart? | sizkölsünmege qoymadığızmı?kölsünme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to take heart? | alakölsünmege qoymadılamı?kölsünme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to take heart? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkölsünalamaI can take heart | senkölsünalasayou can take heart | olkölsünaladıhe can take heart | bizkölsünalabızwe can take heart | sizkölsünalasızyou all can take heart | alakölsünaladılathey can take heart |
| Ability — present | menkölsünalmaymaI can't take heart | senkölsünalmaysayou can't take heart | olkölsünalmaydıhe can't take heart | bizkölsünalmaybızwe can't take heart | sizkölsünalmaysızyou all can't take heart | alakölsünalmaydılathey can't take heart |
| Ability — present | menkölsünalamamı? kölsünalamıma?can I take heart? | senkölsünalamısa?can you take heart? | olkölsünalamıdı?can he take heart? | bizkölsünalabızmı? kölsünalamıbız?can we take heart? | sizkölsünalamısız?can you all take heart? | alakölsünalamıdıla?can they take heart? |
| Ability — present | menkölsünalmaymamı? kölsünalmaymıma?can't I take heart? | senkölsünalmaymısa?can't you take heart? | olkölsünalmaymıdı?can't he take heart? | bizkölsünalmaybızmı? kölsünalmaymıbız?can't we take heart? | sizkölsünalmaymısız?can't you all take heart? | alakölsünalmaymıdıla?can't they take heart? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkölsünalsamif I can take heart | senkölsünalsaŋif you can take heart | olkölsünalsaif he can take heart | bizkölsünalsaqif we can take heart | sizkölsünalsağızif you all can take heart | alakölsünalsalaif they can take heart |
| Ability — if I can… | menkölsünalmasamif I can't take heart | senkölsünalmasaŋif you can't take heart | olkölsünalmasaif he can't take heart | bizkölsünalmasaqif we can't take heart | sizkölsünalmasağızif you all can't take heart | alakölsünalmasalaif they can't take heart |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkölsünaldımI was able to take heart | senkölsünaldıŋyou were able to take heart | olkölsünaldıhe was able to take heart | bizkölsünaldıqwe were able to take heart | sizkölsünaldığızyou all were able to take heart | alakölsünaldılathey were able to take heart |
| Ability — simple past | menkölsünalmadımI could not take heart | senkölsünalmadıŋyou could not take heart | olkölsünalmadıhe could not take heart | bizkölsünalmadıqwe could not take heart | sizkölsünalmadığızyou all could not take heart | alakölsünalmadılathey could not take heart |
| Ability — simple past | menkölsünaldımmı?was I able to take heart? | senkölsünaldıŋmı?were you able to take heart? | olkölsünaldımı?was he able to take heart? | bizkölsünaldıqmı?were we able to take heart? | sizkölsünaldığızmı?were you all able to take heart? | alakölsünaldılamı?were they able to take heart? |
| Ability — simple past | menkölsünalmadımmı?couldn't I take heart? | senkölsünalmadıŋmı?couldn't you take heart? | olkölsünalmadımı?couldn't he take heart? | bizkölsünalmadıqmı?couldn't we take heart? | sizkölsünalmadığızmı?couldn't you all take heart? | alakölsünalmadılamı?couldn't they take heart? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkölsünalğanmaI have been able to take heart | senkölsünalğansayou have been able to take heart | olkölsünalğandıhe has been able to take heart | bizkölsünalğanbızwe have been able to take heart | sizkölsünalğansızyou all have been able to take heart | alakölsünalğandılathey have been able to take heart |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkölsünalmağanmaI haven't been able to take heart | senkölsünalmağansayou haven't been able to take heart | olkölsünalmağandıhe hasn't been able to take heart | bizkölsünalmağanbızwe haven't been able to take heart | sizkölsünalmağansızyou all haven't been able to take heart | alakölsünalmağandılathey haven't been able to take heart |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkölsünalğanmamı? kölsünalğanmıma?have I been able to take heart? | senkölsünalğanmısa?have you been able to take heart? | olkölsünalğanmıdı?has he been able to take heart? | bizkölsünalğanbızmı? kölsünalğanmıbız?have we been able to take heart? | sizkölsünalğanmısız?have you all been able to take heart? | alakölsünalğanmıdıla?have they been able to take heart? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkölsünalmağanmamı? kölsünalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to take heart? | senkölsünalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to take heart? | olkölsünalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to take heart? | bizkölsünalmağanbızmı? kölsünalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to take heart? | sizkölsünalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to take heart? | alakölsünalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to take heart? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkölsünalğan edimkölsünalğanemI had been able to take heart | senkölsünalğan ediŋkölsünalğaneŋyou had been able to take heart | olkölsünalğan edikölsünalğanedhe had been able to take heart | bizkölsünalğan edikkölsünalğanekwe had been able to take heart | sizkölsünalğan edigizkölsünalğanegizyou all had been able to take heart | alakölsünalğan edilekölsünalğanellethey had been able to take heart |
| Ability — past perfect | menkölsünalmağan edimkölsünalmağanemI hadn't been able to take heart | senkölsünalmağan ediŋkölsünalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to take heart | olkölsünalmağan edikölsünalmağanedhe hadn't been able to take heart | bizkölsünalmağan edikkölsünalmağanekwe hadn't been able to take heart | sizkölsünalmağan edigizkölsünalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to take heart | alakölsünalmağan edilekölsünalmağanellethey hadn't been able to take heart |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkölsünala edimkölsünalaemI could take heart | senkölsünala ediŋkölsünalaeŋyou could take heart | olkölsünala edikölsünalaedhe could take heart | bizkölsünala edikkölsünalaekwe could take heart | sizkölsünala edigizkölsünalaegizyou all could take heart | alakölsünala edilekölsünalaellethey could take heart |
| Ability — past background | menkölsünalmay edimkölsünalmayemI could not take heart | senkölsünalmay ediŋkölsünalmayeŋyou could not take heart | olkölsünalmay edikölsünalmayedhe could not take heart | bizkölsünalmay edikkölsünalmayekwe could not take heart | sizkölsünalmay edigizkölsünalmayegizyou all could not take heart | alakölsünalmay edilekölsünalmayellethey could not take heart |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkölsünalırmaI will be able to take heart | senkölsünalırsayou will be able to take heart | olkölsünalırhe will be able to take heart | bizkölsünalırbızwe will be able to take heart | sizkölsünalırsızyou all will be able to take heart | alakölsünalırlathey will be able to take heart |
| Ability — future I | menkölsünalmazmaI won't be able to take heart | senkölsünalmazsayou won't be able to take heart | olkölsünalmazhe won't be able to take heart | bizkölsünalmazbızwe won't be able to take heart | sizkölsünalmazsızyou all won't be able to take heart | alakölsünalmazlathey won't be able to take heart |
| Ability — future I | menkölsünalırmamı? kölsünalırmıma?will I be able to take heart? | senkölsünalırmısa?will you be able to take heart? | olkölsünalırmı?will he be able to take heart? | bizkölsünalırbızmı? kölsünalırmıbız?will we be able to take heart? | sizkölsünalırmısız?will you all be able to take heart? | alakölsünalırlamı? kölsünalırmıla?will they be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future I | menkölsünalmazmamı? kölsünalmazmıma?won't I be able to take heart? | senkölsünalmazmısa?won't you be able to take heart? | olkölsünalmazmı?won't he be able to take heart? | bizkölsünalmazbızmı? kölsünalmazmıbız?won't we be able to take heart? | sizkölsünalmazmısız?won't you all be able to take heart? | alakölsünalmazlamı? kölsünalmazmıla?won't they be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future II | menkölsünallıqmaI am going to be able to take heart | senkölsünallıqsayou are going to be able to take heart | olkölsünallıqdıhe is going to be able to take heart | bizkölsünallıqbızwe are going to be able to take heart | sizkölsünallıqsızyou all are going to be able to take heart | alakölsünallıqdılathey are going to be able to take heart |
| Ability — future II | menkölsünallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to take heart | senkölsünallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to take heart | olkölsünallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to take heart | bizkölsünallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to take heart | sizkölsünallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to take heart | alakölsünallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to take heart |
| Ability — future II | menkölsünallıqmamı? kölsünallıqmıma?am I going to be able to take heart? | senkölsünallıqmısa?are you going to be able to take heart? | olkölsünallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to take heart? | bizkölsünallıqbızmı? kölsünallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to take heart? | sizkölsünallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to take heart? | alakölsünallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future II | menkölsünallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to take heart? | senkölsünallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to take heart? | olkölsünallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to take heart? | bizkölsünallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to take heart? | sizkölsünallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to take heart? | alakölsünallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to take heart? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkölsünalır edimkölsünalır emI would be able to take heart | senkölsünalır ediŋkölsünalır eŋyou would be able to take heart | olkölsünalır edikölsünalır edhe would be able to take heart | bizkölsünalır edikkölsünalır ekwe would be able to take heart | sizkölsünalır edigizkölsünalır egizyou all would be able to take heart | alakölsünalır edilekölsünalır ellethey would be able to take heart |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkölsünalmaz edimkölsünalmaz emI wouldn't be able to take heart | senkölsünalmaz ediŋkölsünalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to take heart | olkölsünalmaz edikölsünalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to take heart | bizkölsünalmaz edikkölsünalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to take heart | sizkölsünalmaz edigizkölsünalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to take heart | alakölsünalmaz edilekölsünalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to take heart |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkölsünalğınkölsünalğımay you be able to take heart | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkölsünalmağınkölsünalmağımay you not be able to take heart | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkölsünürge izleymeI want to take heart | senkölsünürge izleyseyou want to take heart | olkölsünürge izleydihe wants to take heart | bizkölsünürge izleybizwe want to take heart | sizkölsünürge izleysizyou all want to take heart | alakölsünürge izleydilethey want to take heart |
| want to | menkölsünürge izlemeymeI do not want to take heart | senkölsünürge izlemeyseyou do not want to take heart | olkölsünürge izlemeydihe does not want to take heart | bizkölsünürge izlemeybizwe do not want to take heart | sizkölsünürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to take heart | alakölsünürge izlemeydilethey do not want to take heart |
| would like to | menkölsünürge süemeI would like to take heart | senkölsünürge süeseyou would like to take heart | olkölsünürge süedihe would like to take heart | bizkölsünürge süebizwe would like to take heart | sizkölsünürge süesizyou all would like to take heart | alakölsünürge süedilethey would like to take heart |
| would like to | menkölsünürge süymeymeI would not like to take heart | senkölsünürge süymeyseyou would not like to take heart | olkölsünürge süymeydihe would not like to take heart | bizkölsünürge süymeybizwe would not like to take heart | sizkölsünürge süymeysizyou all would not like to take heart | alakölsünürge süymeydilethey would not like to take heart |
| hope to | menkölsünürge umutlanamaI hope to take heart | senkölsünürge umutlanasayou hope to take heart | olkölsünürge umutlanadıhe hopes to take heart | bizkölsünürge umutlanabızwe hope to take heart | sizkölsünürge umutlanasızyou all hope to take heart | alakölsünürge umutlanadılathey hope to take heart |
| hope to | menkölsünürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to take heart | senkölsünürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to take heart | olkölsünürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to take heart | bizkölsünürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to take heart | sizkölsünürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to take heart | alakölsünürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to take heart |
| be about to | menkölsünürge deb turamaI am about to take heart | senkölsünürge deb turasayou are about to take heart | olkölsünürge deb turadıhe is about to take heart | bizkölsünürge deb turabızwe are about to take heart | sizkölsünürge deb turasızyou all are about to take heart | alakölsünürge deb turadılathey are about to take heart |
| be about to | menkölsünürge deb turmaymaI am not about to take heart | senkölsünürge deb turmaysayou are not about to take heart | olkölsünürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to take heart | bizkölsünürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to take heart | sizkölsünürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to take heart | alakölsünürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to take heart |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkölsünürge kerekmeI need to take heart | senkölsünürge kerekseyou need to take heart | olkölsünürge kerekdihe needs to take heart | bizkölsünürge kerekbizwe need to take heart | sizkölsünürge kereksizyou all need to take heart | alakölsünürge kerekdilethey need to take heart |
| need to | menkölsünürge kerek tülmeI do not need to take heart | senkölsünürge kerek tülseyou do not need to take heart | olkölsünürge kerek tüldühe does not need to take heart | bizkölsünürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to take heart | sizkölsünürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to take heart | alakölsünürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to take heart |
| have to | menmenŋe kölsünürge tüşediI have to take heart | sensenŋe kölsünürge tüşediyou have to take heart | olaŋa kölsünürge tüşedihe has to take heart | bizbizge kölsünürge tüşediwe have to take heart | sizsizge kölsünürge tüşediyou all have to take heart | alaalağa kölsünürge tüşedithey have to take heart |
| have to | menmenŋe kölsünürge tüşmeydiI do not have to take heart | sensenŋe kölsünürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to take heart | olaŋa kölsünürge tüşmeydihe does not have to take heart | bizbizge kölsünürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to take heart | sizsizge kölsünürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to take heart | alaalağa kölsünürge tüşmeydithey do not have to take heart |
| be obliged to | menkölsünürge borçlumaI am obliged to take heart | senkölsünürge borçlusayou are obliged to take heart | olkölsünürge borçluduhe is obliged to take heart | bizkölsünürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to take heart | sizkölsünürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to take heart | alakölsünürge borçludulathey are obliged to take heart |
| be obliged to | menkölsünürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to take heart | senkölsünürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to take heart | olkölsünürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to take heart | bizkölsünürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to take heart | sizkölsünürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to take heart | alakölsünürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to take heart |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkölsünürge madarım bardıI have a way to take heart | senkölsünürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to take heart | olkölsünürge madarı bardıhe has a way to take heart | bizkölsünürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to take heart | sizkölsünürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to take heart | alakölsünürge madarları bardıthey have a way to take heart |
| have a way to | menkölsünürge madarım joqduI have no way to take heart | senkölsünürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to take heart | olkölsünürge madarı joqduhe has no way to take heart | bizkölsünürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to take heart | sizkölsünürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to take heart | alakölsünürge madarları joqduthey have no way to take heart |
| be free to | menkölsünürge erkinligim bardıI am free to take heart | senkölsünürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to take heart | olkölsünürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to take heart | bizkölsünürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to take heart | sizkölsünürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to take heart | alakölsünürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to take heart |
| be free to | menkölsünürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to take heart | senkölsünürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to take heart | olkölsünürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to take heart | bizkölsünürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to take heart | sizkölsünürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to take heart | alakölsünürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to take heart |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for me to take heart | sensenŋe kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for you to take heart | olaŋa kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for him to take heart | bizbizge kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for us to take heart | sizsizge kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to take heart | alaalağa kölsünürge bolluqduit is possible for them to take heart |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to take heart | sensenŋe kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to take heart | olaŋa kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to take heart | bizbizge kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to take heart | sizsizge kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to take heart | alaalağa kölsünürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to take heart |
| be ready to | menkölsünürge hazırmaI am ready to take heart | senkölsünürge hazırsayou are ready to take heart | olkölsünürge hazırdıhe is ready to take heart | bizkölsünürge hazırbızwe are ready to take heart | sizkölsünürge hazırsızyou all are ready to take heart | alakölsünürge hazırdılathey are ready to take heart |
| be ready to | menkölsünürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to take heart | senkölsünürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to take heart | olkölsünürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to take heart | bizkölsünürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to take heart | sizkölsünürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to take heart | alakölsünürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to take heart |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkölsünürge küreşemeI am trying to take heart | senkölsünürge küreşeseyou are trying to take heart | olkölsünürge küreşedihe is trying to take heart | bizkölsünürge küreşebizwe are trying to take heart | sizkölsünürge küreşesizyou all are trying to take heart | alakölsünürge küreşedilethey are trying to take heart |
| try to | menkölsünürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to take heart | senkölsünürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to take heart | olkölsünürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to take heart | bizkölsünürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to take heart | sizkölsünürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to take heart | alakölsünürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to take heart |
| agree to | menkölsünürge unaymaI agree to take heart | senkölsünürge unaysayou agree to take heart | olkölsünürge unaydıhe agrees to take heart | bizkölsünürge unaybızwe agree to take heart | sizkölsünürge unaysızyou all agree to take heart | alakölsünürge unaydılathey agree to take heart |
| agree to | menkölsünürge unamaymaI refuse to take heart | senkölsünürge unamaysayou refuse to take heart | olkölsünürge unamaydıhe refuses to take heart | bizkölsünürge unamaybızwe refuse to take heart | sizkölsünürge unamaysızyou all refuse to take heart | alakölsünürge unamaydılathey refuse to take heart |
| hurry to | menkölsünürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to take heart | senkölsünürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to take heart | olkölsünürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to take heart | bizkölsünürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to take heart | sizkölsünürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to take heart | alakölsünürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to take heart |
| hurry to | menkölsünürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to take heart | senkölsünürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to take heart | olkölsünürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to take heart | bizkölsünürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to take heart | sizkölsünürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to take heart | alakölsünürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to take heart |
| be afraid to | menkölsünürge qorqamaI am afraid to take heart | senkölsünürge qorqasayou are afraid to take heart | olkölsünürge qorqadıhe is afraid to take heart | bizkölsünürge qorqabızwe are afraid to take heart | sizkölsünürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to take heart | alakölsünürge qorqadılathey are afraid to take heart |
| be afraid to | menkölsünürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to take heart | senkölsünürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to take heart | olkölsünürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to take heart | bizkölsünürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to take heart | sizkölsünürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to take heart | alakölsünürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to take heart |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkölsüne bolmazmaI can't be taking heart | senkölsüne bolmazsayou can't be taking heart | olkölsüne bolmazhe can't be taking heart | bizkölsüne bolmazbızwe can't be taking heart | sizkölsüne bolmazsızyou all can't be taking heart | alakölsüne bolmazlathey can't be taking heart |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkölsünmey bolmazmaI must be taking heart (emphatic) | senkölsünmey bolmazsayou must be taking heart (emphatic) | olkölsünmey bolmazhe must be taking heart (emphatic) | bizkölsünmey bolmazbızwe must be taking heart (emphatic) | sizkölsünmey bolmazsızyou all must be taking heart (emphatic) | alakölsünmey bolmazlathey must be taking heart (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkölsüne turmasamif I don't keep taking heart | senkölsüne turmasaŋif you don't keep taking heart | olkölsüne turmasaif he doesn't keep taking heart | bizkölsüne turmasaqif we don't keep taking heart | sizkölsüne turmasağızif you all don't keep taking heart | alakölsüne turmasalaif they don't keep taking heart |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkölsüne tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of taking heart | senkölsüne tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of taking heart | olkölsüne tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of taking heart | bizkölsüne tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of taking heart | sizkölsüne tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of taking heart | alakölsüne tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of taking heart |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkölsünmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | senkölsünmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | olkölsünmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | bizkölsünmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | sizkölsünmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | alakölsünmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkölsünmey turamaI keep on not taking heart | senkölsünmey turasayou keep on not taking heart | olkölsünmey turadıhe keeps on not taking heart | bizkölsünmey turabızwe keep on not taking heart | sizkölsünmey turasızyou all keep on not taking heart | alakölsünmey turadılathey keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive — double negation | menkölsünmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not taking heart | senkölsünmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not taking heart | olkölsünmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not taking heart | bizkölsünmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not taking heart | sizkölsünmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not taking heart | alakölsünmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not taking heart |
| Progressive — double negation | menkölsünmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not taking heart? | senkölsünmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not taking heart? | olkölsünmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not taking heart? | bizkölsünmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not taking heart? | sizkölsünmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not taking heart? | alakölsünmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not taking heart? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkölsünŋen bolmazmaI can't have taken heart | senkölsünŋen bolmazsayou can't have taken heart | olkölsünŋen bolmazhe can't have taken heart | bizkölsünŋen bolmazbızwe can't have taken heart | sizkölsünŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have taken heart | alakölsünŋen bolmazlathey can't have taken heart |
| Inference — double negation | menkölsünmegen bolmazmaI must have taken heart (emphatic) | senkölsünmegen bolmazsayou must have taken heart (emphatic) | olkölsünmegen bolmazhe must have taken heart (emphatic) | bizkölsünmegen bolmazbızwe must have taken heart (emphatic) | sizkölsünmegen bolmazsızyou all must have taken heart (emphatic) | alakölsünmegen bolmazlathey must have taken heart (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkölsünŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had taken heart | senkölsünŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taken heart | olkölsünŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had taken heart | bizkölsünŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taken heart | sizkölsünŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taken heart | alakölsünŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taken heart |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkölsünmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taken heart | senkölsünmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taken heart | olkölsünmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taken heart | bizkölsünmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taken heart | sizkölsünmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taken heart | alakölsünmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taken heart |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkölsünnük bolmazmaI can't be going to take heart | senkölsünnük bolmazsayou can't be going to take heart | olkölsünnük bolmazhe can't be going to take heart | bizkölsünnük bolmazbızwe can't be going to take heart | sizkölsünnük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to take heart | alakölsünnük bolmazlathey can't be going to take heart |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkölsünmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to take heart (emphatic) | senkölsünmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to take heart (emphatic) | olkölsünmezlik bolmazhe must be going to take heart (emphatic) | bizkölsünmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to take heart (emphatic) | sizkölsünmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to take heart (emphatic) | alakölsünmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to take heart (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkölsünnük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to take heart | senkölsünnük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to take heart | olkölsünnük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to take heart | bizkölsünnük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to take heart | sizkölsünnük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to take heart | alakölsünnük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to take heart |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkölsünmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to take heart | senkölsünmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to take heart | olkölsünmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to take heart | bizkölsünmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to take heart | sizkölsünmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to take heart | alakölsünmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to take heart |