jüwülderge
/dʒywylderɡe/
1. chirp, twitter, cheep, squeak — Said of birds and chicks.
- jüjekle jüwüldeydile — the chicks are cheeping
- çıpçıqla jüwüldeydile — the sparrows are twittering
- quşçuqla jüwüldedile — the little birds chirped
2. whistle past, whistle by — Said of a bullet. one source
- oqla jüwüldeydile — the bullets whistle past
- oq jüwüldeb ötdü — a bullet whistled by
- başıbızdan oqla jüwüldedile — bullets whistled past our heads
3. swish — Said of a scythe or blade; it imitates the sound jüw. one source
- çalqı jüwüldeydi — the scythe swishes
- qılıç jüwüldedi — the sword swished
- çalqını jüwüldegeni eşitiledi — the swish of the scythe can be heard
4. prattle, babble, chatter away — Said mostly of small children; more generally, talk fast and without stopping.
- sabiyle jüwüldeydile — the children prattle away
- çıpçıqçıqça jüwüldeydi — he chatters away like a little sparrow
- tohtawsuz jüwüldeydi — he chatters away without stopping
- terk-terk jüwüldeb söleşedi — he babbles on quickly
Conjugation
Common forms
- jüwüldeydihe is chirping
- jüwüldedihe chirped
- jüwüldegendihe has chirped
- jüwülderhe will chirp
- jüwülderikdihe is going to chirp
- jüwüldey edihe was chirping
- jüwüldeseif he chirps
- jüwülde!chirp!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüwüldeymeI am chirping | senjüwüldeyseyou are chirping | oljüwüldeydihe is chirping | bizjüwüldeybizwe are chirping | sizjüwüldeysizyou all are chirping | alajüwüldeydilethey are chirping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüwüldemeymeI am not chirping | senjüwüldemeyseyou are not chirping | oljüwüldemeydihe is not chirping | bizjüwüldemeybizwe are not chirping | sizjüwüldemeysizyou all are not chirping | alajüwüldemeydilethey are not chirping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüwüldeymemi? jüwüldeymime?am I chirping? | senjüwüldeymise?are you chirping? | oljüwüldeymidi?is he chirping? | bizjüwüldeybizmi? jüwüldeymibiz?are we chirping? | sizjüwüldeymisiz?are you all chirping? | alajüwüldeymidile?are they chirping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüwüldemeymemi? jüwüldemeymime?aren't I chirping? | senjüwüldemeymise?aren't you chirping? | oljüwüldemeymidi?isn't he chirping? | bizjüwüldemeybizmi? jüwüldemeymibiz?aren't we chirping? | sizjüwüldemeymisiz?aren't you all chirping? | alajüwüldemeymidile?aren't they chirping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüwüldewçenmeI usually chirp | senjüwüldewçenseyou usually chirp | oljüwüldewçendihe usually chirps | bizjüwüldewçenbizwe usually chirp | sizjüwüldewçensizyou all usually chirp | alajüwüldewçendilethey usually chirp |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüwüldemewçenmeI usually don't chirp | senjüwüldemewçenseyou usually don't chirp | oljüwüldemewçendihe usually doesn't chirp | bizjüwüldemewçenbizwe usually don't chirp | sizjüwüldemewçensizyou all usually don't chirp | alajüwüldemewçendilethey usually don't chirp |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüwüldewçenmemi? jüwüldewçenmime?do I usually chirp? | senjüwüldewçenmise?do you usually chirp? | oljüwüldewçenmidi?does he usually chirp? | bizjüwüldewçenbizmi? jüwüldewçenmibiz?do we usually chirp? | sizjüwüldewçenmisiz?do you all usually chirp? | alajüwüldewçenmidile?do they usually chirp? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüwüldemewçenmemi? jüwüldemewçenmime?do I usually not chirp? | senjüwüldemewçenmise?do you usually not chirp? | oljüwüldemewçenmidi?does he usually not chirp? | bizjüwüldemewçenbizmi? jüwüldemewçenmibiz?do we usually not chirp? | sizjüwüldemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not chirp? | alajüwüldemewçenmidile?do they usually not chirp? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljüwüldebdihe has chirped and remains so | alajüwüldebdilethey have chirped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljüwüldebmidi?has he chirped? | alajüwüldebmidile?have they chirped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüwüldeb turamaI keep chirping | senjüwüldeb turasayou keep chirping | oljüwüldeb turadıhe keeps chirping | bizjüwüldeb turabızwe keep chirping | sizjüwüldeb turasızyou all keep chirping | alajüwüldeb turadılathey keep chirping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüwüldeb turmaymaI don't keep chirping | senjüwüldeb turmaysayou don't keep chirping | oljüwüldeb turmaydıhe doesn't keep chirping | bizjüwüldeb turmaybızwe don't keep chirping | sizjüwüldeb turmaysızyou all don't keep chirping | alajüwüldeb turmaydılathey don't keep chirping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüwüldeb turamamı? jüwüldeb turamıma?do I keep chirping? | senjüwüldeb turamısa?do you keep chirping? | oljüwüldeb turamıdı?does he keep chirping? | bizjüwüldeb turabızmı? jüwüldeb turamıbız?do we keep chirping? | sizjüwüldeb turamısız?do you all keep chirping? | alajüwüldeb turamıdıla?do they keep chirping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüwüldeb turmaymamı? jüwüldeb turmaymıma?don't I keep chirping? | senjüwüldeb turmaymısa?don't you keep chirping? | oljüwüldeb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chirping? | bizjüwüldeb turmaybızmı? jüwüldeb turmaymıbız?don't we keep chirping? | sizjüwüldeb turmaymısız?don't you all keep chirping? | alajüwüldeb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chirping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüwüldey turamaI am in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey turasayou are in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey turadıhe is in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey turabızwe are in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey turasızyou all are in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey turadılathey are in the middle of chirping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüwüldey turmaymaI am not in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey turmaysayou are not in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chirping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüwüldey turamamı? jüwüldey turamıma?am I in the middle of chirping? | senjüwüldey turamısa?are you in the middle of chirping? | oljüwüldey turamıdı?is he in the middle of chirping? | bizjüwüldey turabızmı? jüwüldey turamıbız?are we in the middle of chirping? | sizjüwüldey turamısız?are you all in the middle of chirping? | alajüwüldey turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chirping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüwüldey turmaymamı? jüwüldey turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chirping? | senjüwüldey turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chirping? | oljüwüldey turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chirping? | bizjüwüldey turmaybızmı? jüwüldey turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chirping? | sizjüwüldey turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chirping? | alajüwüldey turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chirping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüwüldedimI chirped | senjüwüldediŋyou chirped | oljüwüldedihe chirped | bizjüwüldedikwe chirped | sizjüwüldedigizyou all chirped | alajüwüldedilethey chirped |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüwüldemedimI didn't chirp | senjüwüldemediŋyou didn't chirp | oljüwüldemedihe didn't chirp | bizjüwüldemedikwe didn't chirp | sizjüwüldemedigizyou all didn't chirp | alajüwüldemedilethey didn't chirp |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüwüldedimmi?did I chirp? | senjüwüldediŋmi?did you chirp? | oljüwüldedimi?did he chirp? | bizjüwüldedikmi?did we chirp? | sizjüwüldedigizmi?did you all chirp? | alajüwüldedilemi?did they chirp? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüwüldemedimmi?didn't I chirp? | senjüwüldemediŋmi?didn't you chirp? | oljüwüldemedimi?didn't he chirp? | bizjüwüldemedikmi?didn't we chirp? | sizjüwüldemedigizmi?didn't you all chirp? | alajüwüldemedilemi?didn't they chirp? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüwüldegenmeI have chirped | senjüwüldegenseyou have chirped | oljüwüldegendihe has chirped | bizjüwüldegenbizwe have chirped | sizjüwüldegensizyou all have chirped | alajüwüldegendilethey have chirped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüwüldemegenmeI haven't chirped | senjüwüldemegenseyou haven't chirped | oljüwüldemegendihe hasn't chirped | bizjüwüldemegenbizwe haven't chirped | sizjüwüldemegensizyou all haven't chirped | alajüwüldemegendilethey haven't chirped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüwüldegenmemi? jüwüldegenmime?have I chirped? | senjüwüldegenmise?have you chirped? | oljüwüldegenmidi?has he chirped? | bizjüwüldegenbizmi? jüwüldegenmibiz?have we chirped? | sizjüwüldegenmisiz?have you all chirped? | alajüwüldegenmidile?have they chirped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüwüldemegenmemi? jüwüldemegenmime?haven't I chirped? | senjüwüldemegenmise?haven't you chirped? | oljüwüldemegenmidi?hasn't he chirped? | bizjüwüldemegenbizmi? jüwüldemegenmibiz?haven't we chirped? | sizjüwüldemegenmisiz?haven't you all chirped? | alajüwüldemegenmidile?haven't they chirped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjüwüldeb turdumI kept chirping | senjüwüldeb turduŋyou kept chirping | oljüwüldeb turduhe kept chirping | bizjüwüldeb turduqwe kept chirping | sizjüwüldeb turduğuzyou all kept chirping | alajüwüldeb turdulathey kept chirping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjüwüldeb turmadımI didn't keep chirping | senjüwüldeb turmadıŋyou didn't keep chirping | oljüwüldeb turmadıhe didn't keep chirping | bizjüwüldeb turmadıqwe didn't keep chirping | sizjüwüldeb turmadığızyou all didn't keep chirping | alajüwüldeb turmadılathey didn't keep chirping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüwüldermeI will chirp | senjüwülderseyou will chirp | oljüwülderhe will chirp | bizjüwülderbizwe will chirp | sizjüwüldersizyou all will chirp | alajüwülderlethey will chirp |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüwüldemezmeI won't chirp | senjüwüldemezseyou won't chirp | oljüwüldemezhe won't chirp | bizjüwüldemezbizwe won't chirp | sizjüwüldemezsizyou all won't chirp | alajüwüldemezlethey won't chirp |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüwüldermemi? jüwüldermime?will I chirp? | senjüwüldermise?will you chirp? | oljüwüldermi?will he chirp? | bizjüwülderbizmi? jüwüldermibiz?will we chirp? | sizjüwüldermisiz?will you all chirp? | alajüwülderlemi? jüwüldermile?will they chirp? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüwüldemezmemi? jüwüldemezmime?won't I chirp? | senjüwüldemezmise?won't you chirp? | oljüwüldemezmi?won't he chirp? | bizjüwüldemezbizmi? jüwüldemezmibiz?won't we chirp? | sizjüwüldemezmisiz?won't you all chirp? | alajüwüldemezlemi? jüwüldemezmile?won't they chirp? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüwülderikmeI am going to chirp | senjüwülderikseyou are going to chirp | oljüwülderikdihe is going to chirp | bizjüwülderikbizwe are going to chirp | sizjüwülderiksizyou all are going to chirp | alajüwülderikdilethey are going to chirp |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüwülderik tülmeI am not going to chirp | senjüwülderik tülseyou are not going to chirp | oljüwülderik tüldühe is not going to chirp | bizjüwülderik tülbüzwe are not going to chirp | sizjüwülderik tülsüzyou all are not going to chirp | alajüwülderik tüldülethey are not going to chirp |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüwülderikmemi? jüwülderikmime?am I going to chirp? | senjüwülderikmise?are you going to chirp? | oljüwülderikmidi?is he going to chirp? | bizjüwülderikbizmi? jüwülderikmibiz?are we going to chirp? | sizjüwülderikmisiz?are you all going to chirp? | alajüwülderikmidile?are they going to chirp? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüwülderik tülmüme?aren't I going to chirp? | senjüwülderik tülmüse?aren't you going to chirp? | oljüwülderik tülmüdü?isn't he going to chirp? | bizjüwülderik tülmübüz?aren't we going to chirp? | sizjüwülderik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chirp? | alajüwülderik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chirp? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjüwüldegen edimjüwüldegenemI had chirped | senjüwüldegen ediŋjüwüldegeneŋyou had chirped | oljüwüldegen edijüwüldegenedhe had chirped | bizjüwüldegen edikjüwüldegenekwe had chirped | sizjüwüldegen edigizjüwüldegenegizyou all had chirped | alajüwüldegen edilejüwüldegenellethey had chirped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjüwüldemegen edimjüwüldemegenemI hadn't chirped | senjüwüldemegen ediŋjüwüldemegeneŋyou hadn't chirped | oljüwüldemegen edijüwüldemegenedhe hadn't chirped | bizjüwüldemegen edikjüwüldemegenekwe hadn't chirped | sizjüwüldemegen edigizjüwüldemegenegizyou all hadn't chirped | alajüwüldemegen edilejüwüldemegenellethey hadn't chirped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjüwüldey edimjüwüldeyemI was chirping | senjüwüldey ediŋjüwüldeyeŋyou were chirping | oljüwüldey edijüwüldeyedhe was chirping | bizjüwüldey edikjüwüldeyekwe were chirping | sizjüwüldey edigizjüwüldeyegizyou all were chirping | alajüwüldey edilejüwüldeyellethey were chirping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjüwüldemey edimjüwüldemeyemI wasn't chirping | senjüwüldemey ediŋjüwüldemeyeŋyou weren't chirping | oljüwüldemey edijüwüldemeyedhe wasn't chirping | bizjüwüldemey edikjüwüldemeyekwe weren't chirping | sizjüwüldemey edigizjüwüldemeyegizyou all weren't chirping | alajüwüldemey edilejüwüldemeyellethey weren't chirping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjüwüldewçen edimjüwüldewçenemI used to chirp | senjüwüldewçen ediŋjüwüldewçeneŋyou used to chirp | oljüwüldewçen edijüwüldewçenedhe used to chirp | bizjüwüldewçen edikjüwüldewçenekwe used to chirp | sizjüwüldewçen edigizjüwüldewçenegizyou all used to chirp | alajüwüldewçen edilejüwüldewçenellethey used to chirp |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjüwüldemewçen edimjüwüldemewçenemI didn't use to chirp | senjüwüldemewçen ediŋjüwüldemewçeneŋyou didn't use to chirp | oljüwüldemewçen edijüwüldemewçenedhe didn't use to chirp | bizjüwüldemewçen edikjüwüldemewçenekwe didn't use to chirp | sizjüwüldemewçen edigizjüwüldemewçenegizyou all didn't use to chirp | alajüwüldemewçen edilejüwüldemewçenellethey didn't use to chirp |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljüwüldeb edihe had chirped and remained so | alajüwüldeb edilethey had chirped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljüwüldeb tül edihe hadn't chirped | alajüwüldeb tül edilethey hadn't chirped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjüwüldeb tura edimjüwüldeb turaemI had kept chirping | senjüwüldeb tura ediŋjüwüldeb turaeŋyou had kept chirping | oljüwüldeb tura edijüwüldeb turaedhe had kept chirping | bizjüwüldeb tura edikjüwüldeb turaekwe had kept chirping | sizjüwüldeb tura edigizjüwüldeb turaegizyou all had kept chirping | alajüwüldeb tura edilejüwüldeb turaellethey had kept chirping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjüwüldeb turmay edimjüwüldeb turmayemI hadn't kept chirping | senjüwüldeb turmay ediŋjüwüldeb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chirping | oljüwüldeb turmay edijüwüldeb turmayedhe hadn't kept chirping | bizjüwüldeb turmay edikjüwüldeb turmayekwe hadn't kept chirping | sizjüwüldeb turmay edigizjüwüldeb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chirping | alajüwüldeb turmay edilejüwüldeb turmayellethey hadn't kept chirping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjüwüldey tura edimjüwüldey turaemI was in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey tura ediŋjüwüldey turaeŋyou were in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey tura edijüwüldey turaedhe was in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey tura edikjüwüldey turaekwe were in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey tura edigizjüwüldey turaegizyou all were in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey tura edilejüwüldey turaellethey were in the middle of chirping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjüwüldey turmay edimjüwüldey turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey turmay ediŋjüwüldey turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey turmay edijüwüldey turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey turmay edikjüwüldey turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey turmay edigizjüwüldey turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey turmay edilejüwüldey turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chirping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjüwülder edimjüwülder emI would chirp | senjüwülder ediŋjüwülder eŋyou would chirp | oljüwülder edijüwülder edhe would chirp | bizjüwülder edikjüwülder ekwe would chirp | sizjüwülder edigizjüwülder egizyou all would chirp | alajüwülder edilejüwülder ellethey would chirp |
| Conditional result (would) | menjüwüldemez edimjüwüldemez emI wouldn't chirp | senjüwüldemez ediŋjüwüldemez eŋyou wouldn't chirp | oljüwüldemez edijüwüldemez edhe wouldn't chirp | bizjüwüldemez edikjüwüldemez ekwe wouldn't chirp | sizjüwüldemez edigizjüwüldemez egizyou all wouldn't chirp | alajüwüldemez edilejüwüldemez ellethey wouldn't chirp |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjüwülderik edimjüwülderik emI would have chirped | senjüwülderik ediŋjüwülderik eŋyou would have chirped | oljüwülderik edijüwülderik edhe would have chirped | bizjüwülderik edikjüwülderik ekwe would have chirped | sizjüwülderik edigizjüwülderik egizyou all would have chirped | alajüwülderik edilejüwülderik ellethey would have chirped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjüwülderik tül edimjüwülderik tül emI wouldn't have chirped | senjüwülderik tül ediŋjüwülderik tül eŋyou wouldn't have chirped | oljüwülderik tül edijüwülderik tül edhe wouldn't have chirped | bizjüwülderik tül edikjüwülderik tül ekwe wouldn't have chirped | sizjüwülderik tül edigizjüwülderik tül egizyou all wouldn't have chirped | alajüwülderik tül edilejüwülderik tül ellethey wouldn't have chirped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjüwüldesemif I chirp | senjüwüldeseŋif you chirp | oljüwüldeseif he chirps | bizjüwüldesekif we chirp | sizjüwüldesegizif you all chirp | alajüwüldeseleif they chirp |
| Conditional | menjüwüldemesemif I don't chirp | senjüwüldemeseŋif you don't chirp | oljüwüldemeseif he doesn't chirp | bizjüwüldemesekif we don't chirp | sizjüwüldemesegizif you all don't chirp | alajüwüldemeseleif they don't chirp |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjüwüldey esemif I am chirping | senjüwüldey eseŋif you are chirping | oljüwüldey eseif he is chirping | bizjüwüldey esekif we are chirping | sizjüwüldey esegizif you all are chirping | alajüwüldey eseleif they are chirping |
| Conditional, present real | menjüwüldemey esemif I am not chirping | senjüwüldemey eseŋif you are not chirping | oljüwüldemey eseif he is not chirping | bizjüwüldemey esekif we are not chirping | sizjüwüldemey esegizif you all are not chirping | alajüwüldemey eseleif they are not chirping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjüwüldesem edijüwüldesem edif only I chirped | senjüwüldeseŋ edijüwüldeseŋ edif only you chirped | oljüwüldese edijüwüldesedif only he chirped | bizjüwüldesek edijüwüldesek edif only we chirped | sizjüwüldesegiz edijüwüldesegiz edif only you all chirped | alajüwüldesele edijüwüldeseledif only they chirped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjüwüldemesem edijüwüldemesem edif only I didn't chirp | senjüwüldemeseŋ edijüwüldemeseŋ edif only you didn't chirp | oljüwüldemese edijüwüldemesedif only he didn't chirp | bizjüwüldemesek edijüwüldemesek edif only we didn't chirp | sizjüwüldemesegiz edijüwüldemesegiz edif only you all didn't chirp | alajüwüldemesele edijüwüldemeseledif only they didn't chirp |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjüwüldeb tursamif I carry on chirping | senjüwüldeb tursaŋif you carry on chirping | oljüwüldeb tursaif he carries on chirping | bizjüwüldeb tursaqif we carry on chirping | sizjüwüldeb tursağızif you all carry on chirping | alajüwüldeb tursalaif they carry on chirping |
| Durative conditional | menjüwüldeb turmasamif I don't carry on chirping | senjüwüldeb turmasaŋif you don't carry on chirping | oljüwüldeb turmasaif he doesn't carry on chirping | bizjüwüldeb turmasaqif we don't carry on chirping | sizjüwüldeb turmasağızif you all don't carry on chirping | alajüwüldeb turmasalaif they don't carry on chirping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjüwüldeb tura esemif I have kept chirping | senjüwüldeb tura eseŋif you have kept chirping | oljüwüldeb tura eseif he has kept chirping | bizjüwüldeb tura esekif we have kept chirping | sizjüwüldeb tura esegizif you all have kept chirping | alajüwüldeb tura eseleif they have kept chirping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjüwüldeb turmay esemif I haven't kept chirping | senjüwüldeb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chirping | oljüwüldeb turmay eseif he hasn't kept chirping | bizjüwüldeb turmay esekif we haven't kept chirping | sizjüwüldeb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chirping | alajüwüldeb turmay eseleif they haven't kept chirping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjüwüldey tursamif I keep chirping | senjüwüldey tursaŋif you keep chirping | oljüwüldey tursaif he keeps chirping | bizjüwüldey tursaqif we keep chirping | sizjüwüldey tursağızif you all keep chirping | alajüwüldey tursalaif they keep chirping |
| Progressive conditional | menjüwüldemey tursamif I keep on not chirping | senjüwüldemey tursaŋif you keep on not chirping | oljüwüldemey tursaif he keeps on not chirping | bizjüwüldemey tursaqif we keep on not chirping | sizjüwüldemey tursağızif you all keep on not chirping | alajüwüldemey tursalaif they keep on not chirping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjüwüldey tura esemif I am in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey tura eseif he is in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey tura esekif we are in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey tura eseleif they are in the middle of chirping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjüwüldemey tura esemif I keep on not chirping | senjüwüldemey tura eseŋif you keep on not chirping | oljüwüldemey tura eseif he keeps on not chirping | bizjüwüldemey tura esekif we keep on not chirping | sizjüwüldemey tura esegizif you all keep on not chirping | alajüwüldemey tura eseleif they keep on not chirping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjüwüldedim esemif I chirped | senjüwüldediŋ eseŋif you chirped | oljüwüldedi eseif he chirped | bizjüwüldedik esekif we chirped | sizjüwüldedigiz esegizif you all chirped | alajüwüldedile eseleif they chirped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjüwüldemedim esemif I didn't chirp | senjüwüldemediŋ eseŋif you didn't chirp | oljüwüldemedi eseif he didn't chirp | bizjüwüldemedik esekif we didn't chirp | sizjüwüldemedigiz esegizif you all didn't chirp | alajüwüldemedile eseleif they didn't chirp |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjüwüldegen esemif I did chirp (indeed) | senjüwüldegen eseŋif you did chirp (indeed) | oljüwüldegen eseif he did chirp (indeed) | bizjüwüldegen esekif we did chirp (indeed) | sizjüwüldegen esegizif you all did chirp (indeed) | alajüwüldegen eseleif they did chirp (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjüwüldemegen esemif I didn't chirp (indeed) | senjüwüldemegen eseŋif you didn't chirp (indeed) | oljüwüldemegen eseif he didn't chirp (indeed) | bizjüwüldemegen esekif we didn't chirp (indeed) | sizjüwüldemegen esegizif you all didn't chirp (indeed) | alajüwüldemegen eseleif they didn't chirp (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjüwüldegen bolsamif I had chirped | senjüwüldegen bolsaŋif you had chirped | oljüwüldegen bolsaif he had chirped | bizjüwüldegen bolsaqif we had chirped | sizjüwüldegen bolsağızif you all had chirped | alajüwüldegen bolsalaif they had chirped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjüwüldemegen bolsamif I hadn't chirped | senjüwüldemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't chirped | oljüwüldemegen bolsaif he hadn't chirped | bizjüwüldemegen bolsaqif we hadn't chirped | sizjüwüldemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't chirped | alajüwüldemegen bolsalaif they hadn't chirped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjüwüldegen bolsam edijüwüldegen bolsam edif only I had chirped | senjüwüldegen bolsaŋ edijüwüldegen bolsaŋ edif only you had chirped | oljüwüldegen bolsa edijüwüldegen bolsaedif only he had chirped | bizjüwüldegen bolsaq edijüwüldegen bolsaq edif only we had chirped | sizjüwüldegen bolsağız edijüwüldegen bolsağız edif only you all had chirped | alajüwüldegen bolsala edijüwüldegen bolsalaedif only they had chirped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjüwüldemegen bolsam edijüwüldemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't chirped | senjüwüldemegen bolsaŋ edijüwüldemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chirped | oljüwüldemegen bolsa edijüwüldemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't chirped | bizjüwüldemegen bolsaq edijüwüldemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't chirped | sizjüwüldemegen bolsağız edijüwüldemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chirped | alajüwüldemegen bolsala edijüwüldemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't chirped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjüwülder esemif I will chirp | senjüwülder eseŋif you will chirp | oljüwülder eseif he will chirp | bizjüwülder esekif we will chirp | sizjüwülder esegizif you all will chirp | alajüwülder eseleif they will chirp |
| Conditional, aorist | menjüwüldemez esemif I won't chirp | senjüwüldemez eseŋif you won't chirp | oljüwüldemez eseif he won't chirp | bizjüwüldemez esekif we won't chirp | sizjüwüldemez esegizif you all won't chirp | alajüwüldemez eseleif they won't chirp |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjüwülderik esemif I am going to chirp | senjüwülderik eseŋif you are going to chirp | oljüwülderik eseif he is going to chirp | bizjüwülderik esekif we are going to chirp | sizjüwülderik esegizif you all are going to chirp | alajüwülderik eseleif they are going to chirp |
| Conditional, future | menjüwülderik tül esemif I am not going to chirp | senjüwülderik tül eseŋif you are not going to chirp | oljüwülderik tül eseif he is not going to chirp | bizjüwülderik tül esekif we are not going to chirp | sizjüwülderik tül esegizif you all are not going to chirp | alajüwülderik tül eseleif they are not going to chirp |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjüwülderik bolsamif I were going to chirp | senjüwülderik bolsaŋif you were going to chirp | oljüwülderik bolsaif he were going to chirp | bizjüwülderik bolsaqif we were going to chirp | sizjüwülderik bolsağızif you all were going to chirp | alajüwülderik bolsalaif they were going to chirp |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjüwüldemezlik bolsamif I were not going to chirp | senjüwüldemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to chirp | oljüwüldemezlik bolsaif he were not going to chirp | bizjüwüldemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to chirp | sizjüwüldemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to chirp | alajüwüldemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to chirp |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jüwüldediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjüwüldey bolurmaI must be chirping | senjüwüldey bolursayou must be chirping | oljüwüldey bolurhe must be chirping | bizjüwüldey bolurbuzwe must be chirping | sizjüwüldey bolursuzyou all must be chirping | alajüwüldey bolurlathey must be chirping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjüwüldemey bolurmaI must not be chirping | senjüwüldemey bolursayou must not be chirping | oljüwüldemey bolurhe must not be chirping | bizjüwüldemey bolurbuzwe must not be chirping | sizjüwüldemey bolursuzyou all must not be chirping | alajüwüldemey bolurlathey must not be chirping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjüwüldey tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chirping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjüwüldemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not chirping | senjüwüldemey tura bolursayou must keep on not chirping | oljüwüldemey tura bolurhe must keep on not chirping | bizjüwüldemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chirping | sizjüwüldemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chirping | alajüwüldemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not chirping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjüwüldegen bolurmaI must have chirped | senjüwüldegen bolursayou must have chirped | oljüwüldegen bolurhe must have chirped | bizjüwüldegen bolurbuzwe must have chirped | sizjüwüldegen bolursuzyou all must have chirped | alajüwüldegen bolurlathey must have chirped |
| Inference (must have) | menjüwüldemegen bolurmaI must not have chirped | senjüwüldemegen bolursayou must not have chirped | oljüwüldemegen bolurhe must not have chirped | bizjüwüldemegen bolurbuzwe must not have chirped | sizjüwüldemegen bolursuzyou all must not have chirped | alajüwüldemegen bolurlathey must not have chirped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjüwülderik bolurmaI must be going to chirp | senjüwülderik bolursayou must be going to chirp | oljüwülderik bolurhe must be going to chirp | bizjüwülderik bolurbuzwe must be going to chirp | sizjüwülderik bolursuzyou all must be going to chirp | alajüwülderik bolurlathey must be going to chirp |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjüwüldemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to chirp | senjüwüldemezlik bolursayou must not be going to chirp | oljüwüldemezlik bolurhe must not be going to chirp | bizjüwüldemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to chirp | sizjüwüldemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to chirp | alajüwüldemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to chirp |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjüwüldeyimlet me chirp | senjüwülde!chirp! | oljüwüldesinlet him chirp | bizjüwüldeyiklet's chirp | sizjüwüldegiz!chirp, you all! | alajüwüldesinlelet them chirp |
| Commands & suggestions | menjüwüldemeyimlet me not chirp | senjüwüldeme!don't chirp! | oljüwüldemesinlet him not chirp | bizjüwüldemeyiklet's not chirp | sizjüwüldemegiz!don't chirp, you all! | alajüwüldemesinlelet them not chirp |
| Commands & suggestions | menjüwüldeyimmi?shall I chirp? | oljüwüldesinmi?should he chirp? | bizjüwüldeyikmi?shall we chirp? | alajüwüldesinlemi?should they chirp? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjüwüldemeyimmi?shall I not chirp? | oljüwüldemesinmi?should he not chirp? | bizjüwüldemeyikmi?shall we not chirp? | alajüwüldemesinlemi?should they not chirp? | ||
| Requests | senjüwüldeçi2jüwüldeçinplease chirp | oljüwüldesinçido let him chirp | sizjüwüldeçigizplease chirp (plural/polite) | alajüwüldesinleçido let them chirp | ||
| Requests | senjüwüldemeçi2jüwüldemeçinplease don't chirp | oljüwüldemesinçido let him not chirp | sizjüwüldemeçigizplease don't chirp (plural/polite) | alajüwüldemesinleçido let them not chirp | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjüwüldeginjüwüldegimay you chirp | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjüwüldemeginjüwüldemegimay you not chirp | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjüwüldegey edim jüwüldege edimwould that I chirped | senjüwüldegey ediŋ jüwüldege ediŋwould that you chirped | oljüwüldegey edi jüwüldege ediwould that he chirped | bizjüwüldegey edik jüwüldege edikwould that we chirped | sizjüwüldegey edigiz jüwüldege edigizwould that you all chirped | alajüwüldegey edile jüwüldege edilewould that they chirped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjüwüldemegey edim jüwüldemege edimwould that I did not chirp | senjüwüldemegey ediŋ jüwüldemege ediŋwould that you did not chirp | oljüwüldemegey edi jüwüldemege ediwould that he did not chirp | bizjüwüldemegey edik jüwüldemege edikwould that we did not chirp | sizjüwüldemegey edigiz jüwüldemege edigizwould that you all did not chirp | alajüwüldemegey edile jüwüldemege edilewould that they did not chirp |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüwüldemege qoyayımjüwüldeme qoyayımlet me allow someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoy!jüwüldeme qoy!let someone chirp! | oljüwüldemege qoysunjüwüldeme qoysunlet him allow someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoyayıqjüwüldeme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoyuğuz!jüwüldeme qoyuğuz!let someone chirp, you all! | alajüwüldemege qoysunlajüwüldeme qoysunlalet them allow someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüwüldemege qoymayımjüwüldeme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoyma!jüwüldeme qoyma!don't let someone chirp! | oljüwüldemege qoymasınjüwüldeme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoymayıqjüwüldeme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoymağız!jüwüldeme qoymağız!don't let someone chirp, you all! | alajüwüldemege qoymasınlajüwüldeme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüwüldemege qoyayımmı?jüwüldeme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoysunmu?jüwüldeme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoyayıqmı?jüwüldeme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoysunlamı?jüwüldeme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chirp? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüwüldemege qoymayımmı?jüwüldeme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoymasınmı?jüwüldeme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoymayıqmı?jüwüldeme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoymasınlamı?jüwüldeme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chirp? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjüwüldemege qoyamajüwüldeme qoyamaI allow someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoyasajüwüldeme qoyasayou allow someone to chirp | oljüwüldemege qoyadıjüwüldeme qoyadıhe allows someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoyabızjüwüldeme qoyabızwe allow someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoyasızjüwüldeme qoyasızyou all allow someone to chirp | alajüwüldemege qoyadılajüwüldeme qoyadılathey allow someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüwüldemege qoymaymajüwüldeme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoymaysajüwüldeme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chirp | oljüwüldemege qoymaydıjüwüldeme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoymaybızjüwüldeme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoymaysızjüwüldeme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chirp | alajüwüldemege qoymaydılajüwüldeme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüwüldemege qoyamamı?jüwüldeme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chirp? | senjüwüldemege qoyamısa?jüwüldeme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoyamıdı?jüwüldeme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoyabızmı?jüwüldeme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chirp? | sizjüwüldemege qoyamısız?jüwüldeme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoyamıdıla?jüwüldeme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chirp? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüwüldemege qoymaymamı?jüwüldeme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chirp? | senjüwüldemege qoymaymısa?jüwüldeme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoymaymıdı?jüwüldeme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoymaybızmı?jüwüldeme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chirp? | sizjüwüldemege qoymaymısız?jüwüldeme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoymaymıdıla?jüwüldeme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chirp? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüwüldemege qoydumjüwüldeme qoydumI allowed someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoyduŋjüwüldeme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chirp | oljüwüldemege qoydujüwüldeme qoyduhe allowed someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoyduqjüwüldeme qoyduqwe allowed someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoyduğuzjüwüldeme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chirp | alajüwüldemege qoydulajüwüldeme qoydulathey allowed someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüwüldemege qoymadımjüwüldeme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chirp | senjüwüldemege qoymadıŋjüwüldeme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chirp | oljüwüldemege qoymadıjüwüldeme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chirp | bizjüwüldemege qoymadıqjüwüldeme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chirp | sizjüwüldemege qoymadığızjüwüldeme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chirp | alajüwüldemege qoymadılajüwüldeme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chirp |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüwüldemege qoydummu?jüwüldeme qoydummu?did I allow someone to chirp? | senjüwüldemege qoyduŋmu?jüwüldeme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoydumu?jüwüldeme qoydumu?did he allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoyduqmu?jüwüldeme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chirp? | sizjüwüldemege qoyduğuzmu?jüwüldeme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoydulamı?jüwüldeme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chirp? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüwüldemege qoymadımmı?jüwüldeme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chirp? | senjüwüldemege qoymadıŋmı?jüwüldeme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chirp? | oljüwüldemege qoymadımı?jüwüldeme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chirp? | bizjüwüldemege qoymadıqmı?jüwüldeme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chirp? | sizjüwüldemege qoymadığızmı?jüwüldeme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chirp? | alajüwüldemege qoymadılamı?jüwüldeme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chirp? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jüwüldeyalırğa be able to chirp · jüwüldeyalmazğa be unable to chirp
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjüwüldeyalamaI can chirp | senjüwüldeyalasayou can chirp | oljüwüldeyaladıhe can chirp | bizjüwüldeyalabızwe can chirp | sizjüwüldeyalasızyou all can chirp | alajüwüldeyaladılathey can chirp |
| Ability — present | menjüwüldeyalmaymaI can't chirp | senjüwüldeyalmaysayou can't chirp | oljüwüldeyalmaydıhe can't chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmaybızwe can't chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmaysızyou all can't chirp | alajüwüldeyalmaydılathey can't chirp |
| Ability — present | menjüwüldeyalamamı? jüwüldeyalamıma?can I chirp? | senjüwüldeyalamısa?can you chirp? | oljüwüldeyalamıdı?can he chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalabızmı? jüwüldeyalamıbız?can we chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalamısız?can you all chirp? | alajüwüldeyalamıdıla?can they chirp? |
| Ability — present | menjüwüldeyalmaymamı? jüwüldeyalmaymıma?can't I chirp? | senjüwüldeyalmaymısa?can't you chirp? | oljüwüldeyalmaymıdı?can't he chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalmaybızmı? jüwüldeyalmaymıbız?can't we chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalmaymısız?can't you all chirp? | alajüwüldeyalmaymıdıla?can't they chirp? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjüwüldeyalsamif I can chirp | senjüwüldeyalsaŋif you can chirp | oljüwüldeyalsaif he can chirp | bizjüwüldeyalsaqif we can chirp | sizjüwüldeyalsağızif you all can chirp | alajüwüldeyalsalaif they can chirp |
| Ability — if I can… | menjüwüldeyalmasamif I can't chirp | senjüwüldeyalmasaŋif you can't chirp | oljüwüldeyalmasaif he can't chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmasaqif we can't chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmasağızif you all can't chirp | alajüwüldeyalmasalaif they can't chirp |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjüwüldeyaldımI was able to chirp | senjüwüldeyaldıŋyou were able to chirp | oljüwüldeyaldıhe was able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyaldıqwe were able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyaldığızyou all were able to chirp | alajüwüldeyaldılathey were able to chirp |
| Ability — simple past | menjüwüldeyalmadımI could not chirp | senjüwüldeyalmadıŋyou could not chirp | oljüwüldeyalmadıhe could not chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmadıqwe could not chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmadığızyou all could not chirp | alajüwüldeyalmadılathey could not chirp |
| Ability — simple past | menjüwüldeyaldımmı?was I able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyaldıŋmı?were you able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyaldımı?was he able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyaldıqmı?were we able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyaldığızmı?were you all able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyaldılamı?were they able to chirp? |
| Ability — simple past | menjüwüldeyalmadımmı?couldn't I chirp? | senjüwüldeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chirp? | oljüwüldeyalmadımı?couldn't he chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chirp? | alajüwüldeyalmadılamı?couldn't they chirp? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüwüldeyalğanmaI have been able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalğansayou have been able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalğandıhe has been able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalğanbızwe have been able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalğansızyou all have been able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalğandılathey have been able to chirp |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüwüldeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalmağansayou haven't been able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to chirp |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüwüldeyalğanmamı? jüwüldeyalğanmıma?have I been able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyalğanmısa?have you been able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalğanbızmı? jüwüldeyalğanmıbız?have we been able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chirp? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüwüldeyalmağanmamı? jüwüldeyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalmağanbızmı? jüwüldeyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chirp? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjüwüldeyalğan edimjüwüldeyalğanemI had been able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalğan ediŋjüwüldeyalğaneŋyou had been able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalğan edijüwüldeyalğanedhe had been able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalğan edikjüwüldeyalğanekwe had been able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalğan edigizjüwüldeyalğanegizyou all had been able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalğan edilejüwüldeyalğanellethey had been able to chirp |
| Ability — past perfect | menjüwüldeyalmağan edimjüwüldeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalmağan ediŋjüwüldeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalmağan edijüwüldeyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmağan edikjüwüldeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmağan edigizjüwüldeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalmağan edilejüwüldeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chirp |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjüwüldeyala edimjüwüldeyalaemI could chirp | senjüwüldeyala ediŋjüwüldeyalaeŋyou could chirp | oljüwüldeyala edijüwüldeyalaedhe could chirp | bizjüwüldeyala edikjüwüldeyalaekwe could chirp | sizjüwüldeyala edigizjüwüldeyalaegizyou all could chirp | alajüwüldeyala edilejüwüldeyalaellethey could chirp |
| Ability — past background | menjüwüldeyalmay edimjüwüldeyalmayemI could not chirp | senjüwüldeyalmay ediŋjüwüldeyalmayeŋyou could not chirp | oljüwüldeyalmay edijüwüldeyalmayedhe could not chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmay edikjüwüldeyalmayekwe could not chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmay edigizjüwüldeyalmayegizyou all could not chirp | alajüwüldeyalmay edilejüwüldeyalmayellethey could not chirp |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjüwüldeyalırmaI will be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalırsayou will be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalırhe will be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalırbızwe will be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalırsızyou all will be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalırlathey will be able to chirp |
| Ability — future I | menjüwüldeyalmazmaI won't be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalmazsayou won't be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalmazhe won't be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmazbızwe won't be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalmazlathey won't be able to chirp |
| Ability — future I | menjüwüldeyalırmamı? jüwüldeyalırmıma?will I be able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyalırmısa?will you be able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyalırmı?will he be able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalırbızmı? jüwüldeyalırmıbız?will we be able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalırmısız?will you all be able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyalırlamı? jüwüldeyalırmıla?will they be able to chirp? |
| Ability — future I | menjüwüldeyalmazmamı? jüwüldeyalmazmıma?won't I be able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyalmazmı?won't he be able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyalmazbızmı? jüwüldeyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyalmazlamı? jüwüldeyalmazmıla?won't they be able to chirp? |
| Ability — future II | menjüwüldeyallıqmaI am going to be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyallıqsayou are going to be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to chirp |
| Ability — future II | menjüwüldeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chirp |
| Ability — future II | menjüwüldeyallıqmamı? jüwüldeyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyallıqbızmı? jüwüldeyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chirp? |
| Ability — future II | menjüwüldeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chirp? | senjüwüldeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chirp? | oljüwüldeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chirp? | bizjüwüldeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chirp? | sizjüwüldeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chirp? | alajüwüldeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chirp? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjüwüldeyalır edimjüwüldeyalır emI would be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalır ediŋjüwüldeyalır eŋyou would be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalır edijüwüldeyalır edhe would be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalır edikjüwüldeyalır ekwe would be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalır edigizjüwüldeyalır egizyou all would be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalır edilejüwüldeyalır ellethey would be able to chirp |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjüwüldeyalmaz edimjüwüldeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chirp | senjüwüldeyalmaz ediŋjüwüldeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chirp | oljüwüldeyalmaz edijüwüldeyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chirp | bizjüwüldeyalmaz edikjüwüldeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chirp | sizjüwüldeyalmaz edigizjüwüldeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chirp | alajüwüldeyalmaz edilejüwüldeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chirp |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjüwüldeyalğınjüwüldeyalğımay you be able to chirp | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjüwüldeyalmağınjüwüldeyalmağımay you not be able to chirp | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjüwülderge izleymeI want to chirp | senjüwülderge izleyseyou want to chirp | oljüwülderge izleydihe wants to chirp | bizjüwülderge izleybizwe want to chirp | sizjüwülderge izleysizyou all want to chirp | alajüwülderge izleydilethey want to chirp |
| want to | menjüwülderge izlemeymeI do not want to chirp | senjüwülderge izlemeyseyou do not want to chirp | oljüwülderge izlemeydihe does not want to chirp | bizjüwülderge izlemeybizwe do not want to chirp | sizjüwülderge izlemeysizyou all do not want to chirp | alajüwülderge izlemeydilethey do not want to chirp |
| would like to | menjüwülderge süemeI would like to chirp | senjüwülderge süeseyou would like to chirp | oljüwülderge süedihe would like to chirp | bizjüwülderge süebizwe would like to chirp | sizjüwülderge süesizyou all would like to chirp | alajüwülderge süedilethey would like to chirp |
| would like to | menjüwülderge süymeymeI would not like to chirp | senjüwülderge süymeyseyou would not like to chirp | oljüwülderge süymeydihe would not like to chirp | bizjüwülderge süymeybizwe would not like to chirp | sizjüwülderge süymeysizyou all would not like to chirp | alajüwülderge süymeydilethey would not like to chirp |
| hope to | menjüwülderge umutlanamaI hope to chirp | senjüwülderge umutlanasayou hope to chirp | oljüwülderge umutlanadıhe hopes to chirp | bizjüwülderge umutlanabızwe hope to chirp | sizjüwülderge umutlanasızyou all hope to chirp | alajüwülderge umutlanadılathey hope to chirp |
| hope to | menjüwülderge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chirp | senjüwülderge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chirp | oljüwülderge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chirp | bizjüwülderge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chirp | sizjüwülderge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chirp | alajüwülderge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chirp |
| be about to | menjüwülderge deb turamaI am about to chirp | senjüwülderge deb turasayou are about to chirp | oljüwülderge deb turadıhe is about to chirp | bizjüwülderge deb turabızwe are about to chirp | sizjüwülderge deb turasızyou all are about to chirp | alajüwülderge deb turadılathey are about to chirp |
| be about to | menjüwülderge deb turmaymaI am not about to chirp | senjüwülderge deb turmaysayou are not about to chirp | oljüwülderge deb turmaydıhe is not about to chirp | bizjüwülderge deb turmaybızwe are not about to chirp | sizjüwülderge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chirp | alajüwülderge deb turmaydılathey are not about to chirp |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjüwülderge kerekmeI need to chirp | senjüwülderge kerekseyou need to chirp | oljüwülderge kerekdihe needs to chirp | bizjüwülderge kerekbizwe need to chirp | sizjüwülderge kereksizyou all need to chirp | alajüwülderge kerekdilethey need to chirp |
| need to | menjüwülderge kerek tülmeI do not need to chirp | senjüwülderge kerek tülseyou do not need to chirp | oljüwülderge kerek tüldühe does not need to chirp | bizjüwülderge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chirp | sizjüwülderge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chirp | alajüwülderge kerek tüldülethey do not need to chirp |
| have to | menmenŋe jüwülderge tüşediI have to chirp | sensenŋe jüwülderge tüşediyou have to chirp | olaŋa jüwülderge tüşedihe has to chirp | bizbizge jüwülderge tüşediwe have to chirp | sizsizge jüwülderge tüşediyou all have to chirp | alaalağa jüwülderge tüşedithey have to chirp |
| have to | menmenŋe jüwülderge tüşmeydiI do not have to chirp | sensenŋe jüwülderge tüşmeydiyou do not have to chirp | olaŋa jüwülderge tüşmeydihe does not have to chirp | bizbizge jüwülderge tüşmeydiwe do not have to chirp | sizsizge jüwülderge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chirp | alaalağa jüwülderge tüşmeydithey do not have to chirp |
| be obliged to | menjüwülderge borçlumaI am obliged to chirp | senjüwülderge borçlusayou are obliged to chirp | oljüwülderge borçluduhe is obliged to chirp | bizjüwülderge borçlubuzwe are obliged to chirp | sizjüwülderge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chirp | alajüwülderge borçludulathey are obliged to chirp |
| be obliged to | menjüwülderge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chirp | senjüwülderge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chirp | oljüwülderge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chirp | bizjüwülderge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chirp | sizjüwülderge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chirp | alajüwülderge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chirp |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjüwülderge madarım bardıI have a way to chirp | senjüwülderge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chirp | oljüwülderge madarı bardıhe has a way to chirp | bizjüwülderge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chirp | sizjüwülderge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chirp | alajüwülderge madarları bardıthey have a way to chirp |
| have a way to | menjüwülderge madarım joqduI have no way to chirp | senjüwülderge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chirp | oljüwülderge madarı joqduhe has no way to chirp | bizjüwülderge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chirp | sizjüwülderge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chirp | alajüwülderge madarları joqduthey have no way to chirp |
| be free to | menjüwülderge erkinligim bardıI am free to chirp | senjüwülderge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chirp | oljüwülderge erkinligi bardıhe is free to chirp | bizjüwülderge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chirp | sizjüwülderge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chirp | alajüwülderge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chirp |
| be free to | menjüwülderge erkinligim joqduI am not free to chirp | senjüwülderge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chirp | oljüwülderge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chirp | bizjüwülderge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chirp | sizjüwülderge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chirp | alajüwülderge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chirp |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for me to chirp | sensenŋe jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for you to chirp | olaŋa jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for him to chirp | bizbizge jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for us to chirp | sizsizge jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for you all to chirp | alaalağa jüwülderge bolluqduit is possible for them to chirp |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chirp | sensenŋe jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chirp | olaŋa jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chirp | bizbizge jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chirp | sizsizge jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chirp | alaalağa jüwülderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chirp |
| be ready to | menjüwülderge hazırmaI am ready to chirp | senjüwülderge hazırsayou are ready to chirp | oljüwülderge hazırdıhe is ready to chirp | bizjüwülderge hazırbızwe are ready to chirp | sizjüwülderge hazırsızyou all are ready to chirp | alajüwülderge hazırdılathey are ready to chirp |
| be ready to | menjüwülderge hazır tülmeI am not ready to chirp | senjüwülderge hazır tülseyou are not ready to chirp | oljüwülderge hazır tüldühe is not ready to chirp | bizjüwülderge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chirp | sizjüwülderge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chirp | alajüwülderge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chirp |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjüwülderge küreşemeI am trying to chirp | senjüwülderge küreşeseyou are trying to chirp | oljüwülderge küreşedihe is trying to chirp | bizjüwülderge küreşebizwe are trying to chirp | sizjüwülderge küreşesizyou all are trying to chirp | alajüwülderge küreşedilethey are trying to chirp |
| try to | menjüwülderge küreşmeymeI am not trying to chirp | senjüwülderge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chirp | oljüwülderge küreşmeydihe is not trying to chirp | bizjüwülderge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chirp | sizjüwülderge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chirp | alajüwülderge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chirp |
| agree to | menjüwülderge unaymaI agree to chirp | senjüwülderge unaysayou agree to chirp | oljüwülderge unaydıhe agrees to chirp | bizjüwülderge unaybızwe agree to chirp | sizjüwülderge unaysızyou all agree to chirp | alajüwülderge unaydılathey agree to chirp |
| agree to | menjüwülderge unamaymaI refuse to chirp | senjüwülderge unamaysayou refuse to chirp | oljüwülderge unamaydıhe refuses to chirp | bizjüwülderge unamaybızwe refuse to chirp | sizjüwülderge unamaysızyou all refuse to chirp | alajüwülderge unamaydılathey refuse to chirp |
| hurry to | menjüwülderge aşığamaI am in a hurry to chirp | senjüwülderge aşığasayou are in a hurry to chirp | oljüwülderge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chirp | bizjüwülderge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chirp | sizjüwülderge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chirp | alajüwülderge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chirp |
| hurry to | menjüwülderge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chirp | senjüwülderge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chirp | oljüwülderge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chirp | bizjüwülderge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chirp | sizjüwülderge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chirp | alajüwülderge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chirp |
| be afraid to | menjüwülderge qorqamaI am afraid to chirp | senjüwülderge qorqasayou are afraid to chirp | oljüwülderge qorqadıhe is afraid to chirp | bizjüwülderge qorqabızwe are afraid to chirp | sizjüwülderge qorqasızyou all are afraid to chirp | alajüwülderge qorqadılathey are afraid to chirp |
| be afraid to | menjüwülderge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chirp | senjüwülderge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chirp | oljüwülderge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chirp | bizjüwülderge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chirp | sizjüwülderge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chirp | alajüwülderge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chirp |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjüwüldey bolmazmaI can't be chirping | senjüwüldey bolmazsayou can't be chirping | oljüwüldey bolmazhe can't be chirping | bizjüwüldey bolmazbızwe can't be chirping | sizjüwüldey bolmazsızyou all can't be chirping | alajüwüldey bolmazlathey can't be chirping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjüwüldemey bolmazmaI must be chirping (emphatic) | senjüwüldemey bolmazsayou must be chirping (emphatic) | oljüwüldemey bolmazhe must be chirping (emphatic) | bizjüwüldemey bolmazbızwe must be chirping (emphatic) | sizjüwüldemey bolmazsızyou all must be chirping (emphatic) | alajüwüldemey bolmazlathey must be chirping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjüwüldey turmasamif I don't keep chirping | senjüwüldey turmasaŋif you don't keep chirping | oljüwüldey turmasaif he doesn't keep chirping | bizjüwüldey turmasaqif we don't keep chirping | sizjüwüldey turmasağızif you all don't keep chirping | alajüwüldey turmasalaif they don't keep chirping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjüwüldey tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chirping | senjüwüldey tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chirping | oljüwüldey tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chirping | bizjüwüldey tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chirping | sizjüwüldey tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chirping | alajüwüldey tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chirping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjüwüldemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chirping (emphatic) | senjüwüldemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chirping (emphatic) | oljüwüldemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not chirping (emphatic) | bizjüwüldemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chirping (emphatic) | sizjüwüldemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chirping (emphatic) | alajüwüldemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chirping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjüwüldemey turamaI keep on not chirping | senjüwüldemey turasayou keep on not chirping | oljüwüldemey turadıhe keeps on not chirping | bizjüwüldemey turabızwe keep on not chirping | sizjüwüldemey turasızyou all keep on not chirping | alajüwüldemey turadılathey keep on not chirping |
| Progressive — double negation | menjüwüldemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not chirping | senjüwüldemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not chirping | oljüwüldemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chirping | bizjüwüldemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chirping | sizjüwüldemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chirping | alajüwüldemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chirping |
| Progressive — double negation | menjüwüldemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chirping? | senjüwüldemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chirping? | oljüwüldemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chirping? | bizjüwüldemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chirping? | sizjüwüldemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chirping? | alajüwüldemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chirping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjüwüldegen bolmazmaI can't have chirped | senjüwüldegen bolmazsayou can't have chirped | oljüwüldegen bolmazhe can't have chirped | bizjüwüldegen bolmazbızwe can't have chirped | sizjüwüldegen bolmazsızyou all can't have chirped | alajüwüldegen bolmazlathey can't have chirped |
| Inference — double negation | menjüwüldemegen bolmazmaI must have chirped (emphatic) | senjüwüldemegen bolmazsayou must have chirped (emphatic) | oljüwüldemegen bolmazhe must have chirped (emphatic) | bizjüwüldemegen bolmazbızwe must have chirped (emphatic) | sizjüwüldemegen bolmazsızyou all must have chirped (emphatic) | alajüwüldemegen bolmazlathey must have chirped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjüwüldegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had chirped | senjüwüldegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chirped | oljüwüldegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had chirped | bizjüwüldegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chirped | sizjüwüldegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chirped | alajüwüldegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chirped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjüwüldemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chirped | senjüwüldemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chirped | oljüwüldemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chirped | bizjüwüldemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chirped | sizjüwüldemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chirped | alajüwüldemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chirped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjüwülderik bolmazmaI can't be going to chirp | senjüwülderik bolmazsayou can't be going to chirp | oljüwülderik bolmazhe can't be going to chirp | bizjüwülderik bolmazbızwe can't be going to chirp | sizjüwülderik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chirp | alajüwülderik bolmazlathey can't be going to chirp |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjüwüldemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to chirp (emphatic) | senjüwüldemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to chirp (emphatic) | oljüwüldemezlik bolmazhe must be going to chirp (emphatic) | bizjüwüldemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to chirp (emphatic) | sizjüwüldemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to chirp (emphatic) | alajüwüldemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to chirp (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjüwülderik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chirp | senjüwülderik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chirp | oljüwülderik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chirp | bizjüwülderik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chirp | sizjüwülderik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chirp | alajüwülderik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chirp |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjüwüldemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chirp | senjüwüldemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chirp | oljüwüldemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chirp | bizjüwüldemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chirp | sizjüwüldemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chirp | alajüwüldemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chirp |