jötgürürge
/dʒøtɡyryrɡe/
cough
- sabiy jötgüredi — the child is coughing
- jaşçıq üç künden beri jötgüredi — the little boy has been coughing for three days
- men keçe jötgürdüm — I coughed at night
- sen nek jötgürese? — why are you coughing?
- keçe uzunu jötgürüb çıqdı — he coughed the whole night through
- jötgürüb ierge — to give a cough
Conjugation
Common forms
- jötgüredihe is coughing
- jötgürdühe coughed
- jötgürgendihe has coughed
- jötgürürhe will cough
- jötgürlükdühe is going to cough
- jötgüre edihe was coughing
- jötgürseif he coughs
- jötgür!cough!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötgüremeI am coughing | senjötgüreseyou are coughing | oljötgüredihe is coughing | bizjötgürebizwe are coughing | sizjötgüresizyou all are coughing | alajötgüredilethey are coughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötgürmeymeI am not coughing | senjötgürmeyseyou are not coughing | oljötgürmeydihe is not coughing | bizjötgürmeybizwe are not coughing | sizjötgürmeysizyou all are not coughing | alajötgürmeydilethey are not coughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötgürememi? jötgüremime?am I coughing? | senjötgüremise?are you coughing? | oljötgüremidi?is he coughing? | bizjötgürebizmi? jötgüremibiz?are we coughing? | sizjötgüremisiz?are you all coughing? | alajötgüremidile?are they coughing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötgürmeymemi? jötgürmeymime?aren't I coughing? | senjötgürmeymise?aren't you coughing? | oljötgürmeymidi?isn't he coughing? | bizjötgürmeybizmi? jötgürmeymibiz?aren't we coughing? | sizjötgürmeymisiz?aren't you all coughing? | alajötgürmeymidile?aren't they coughing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötgürüwçenmeI usually cough | senjötgürüwçenseyou usually cough | oljötgürüwçendihe usually coughs | bizjötgürüwçenbizwe usually cough | sizjötgürüwçensizyou all usually cough | alajötgürüwçendilethey usually cough |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötgürmewçenmeI usually don't cough | senjötgürmewçenseyou usually don't cough | oljötgürmewçendihe usually doesn't cough | bizjötgürmewçenbizwe usually don't cough | sizjötgürmewçensizyou all usually don't cough | alajötgürmewçendilethey usually don't cough |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötgürüwçenmemi? jötgürüwçenmime?do I usually cough? | senjötgürüwçenmise?do you usually cough? | oljötgürüwçenmidi?does he usually cough? | bizjötgürüwçenbizmi? jötgürüwçenmibiz?do we usually cough? | sizjötgürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually cough? | alajötgürüwçenmidile?do they usually cough? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötgürmewçenmemi? jötgürmewçenmime?do I usually not cough? | senjötgürmewçenmise?do you usually not cough? | oljötgürmewçenmidi?does he usually not cough? | bizjötgürmewçenbizmi? jötgürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not cough? | sizjötgürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not cough? | alajötgürmewçenmidile?do they usually not cough? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljötgürübdühe has coughed and remains so | alajötgürübdülethey have coughed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljötgürübmüdü?has he coughed? | alajötgürübmüdüle?have they coughed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötgürüb turamaI keep coughing | senjötgürüb turasayou keep coughing | oljötgürüb turadıhe keeps coughing | bizjötgürüb turabızwe keep coughing | sizjötgürüb turasızyou all keep coughing | alajötgürüb turadılathey keep coughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötgürüb turmaymaI don't keep coughing | senjötgürüb turmaysayou don't keep coughing | oljötgürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep coughing | bizjötgürüb turmaybızwe don't keep coughing | sizjötgürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep coughing | alajötgürüb turmaydılathey don't keep coughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötgürüb turamamı? jötgürüb turamıma?do I keep coughing? | senjötgürüb turamısa?do you keep coughing? | oljötgürüb turamıdı?does he keep coughing? | bizjötgürüb turabızmı? jötgürüb turamıbız?do we keep coughing? | sizjötgürüb turamısız?do you all keep coughing? | alajötgürüb turamıdıla?do they keep coughing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötgürüb turmaymamı? jötgürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep coughing? | senjötgürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep coughing? | oljötgürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep coughing? | bizjötgürüb turmaybızmı? jötgürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep coughing? | sizjötgürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep coughing? | alajötgürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep coughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötgüre turamaI am in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre turasayou are in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre turadıhe is in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre turabızwe are in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre turasızyou all are in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre turadılathey are in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötgüre turmaymaI am not in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre turmaysayou are not in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötgüre turamamı? jötgüre turamıma?am I in the middle of coughing? | senjötgüre turamısa?are you in the middle of coughing? | oljötgüre turamıdı?is he in the middle of coughing? | bizjötgüre turabızmı? jötgüre turamıbız?are we in the middle of coughing? | sizjötgüre turamısız?are you all in the middle of coughing? | alajötgüre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of coughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötgüre turmaymamı? jötgüre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of coughing? | senjötgüre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of coughing? | oljötgüre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of coughing? | bizjötgüre turmaybızmı? jötgüre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of coughing? | sizjötgüre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of coughing? | alajötgüre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of coughing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötgürdümI coughed | senjötgürdüŋyou coughed | oljötgürdühe coughed | bizjötgürdükwe coughed | sizjötgürdügüzyou all coughed | alajötgürdülethey coughed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötgürmedimI didn't cough | senjötgürmediŋyou didn't cough | oljötgürmedihe didn't cough | bizjötgürmedikwe didn't cough | sizjötgürmedigizyou all didn't cough | alajötgürmedilethey didn't cough |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötgürdümmü?did I cough? | senjötgürdüŋmü?did you cough? | oljötgürdümü?did he cough? | bizjötgürdükmü?did we cough? | sizjötgürdügüzmü?did you all cough? | alajötgürdülemi?did they cough? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötgürmedimmi?didn't I cough? | senjötgürmediŋmi?didn't you cough? | oljötgürmedimi?didn't he cough? | bizjötgürmedikmi?didn't we cough? | sizjötgürmedigizmi?didn't you all cough? | alajötgürmedilemi?didn't they cough? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötgürgenmeI have coughed | senjötgürgenseyou have coughed | oljötgürgendihe has coughed | bizjötgürgenbizwe have coughed | sizjötgürgensizyou all have coughed | alajötgürgendilethey have coughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötgürmegenmeI haven't coughed | senjötgürmegenseyou haven't coughed | oljötgürmegendihe hasn't coughed | bizjötgürmegenbizwe haven't coughed | sizjötgürmegensizyou all haven't coughed | alajötgürmegendilethey haven't coughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötgürgenmemi? jötgürgenmime?have I coughed? | senjötgürgenmise?have you coughed? | oljötgürgenmidi?has he coughed? | bizjötgürgenbizmi? jötgürgenmibiz?have we coughed? | sizjötgürgenmisiz?have you all coughed? | alajötgürgenmidile?have they coughed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötgürmegenmemi? jötgürmegenmime?haven't I coughed? | senjötgürmegenmise?haven't you coughed? | oljötgürmegenmidi?hasn't he coughed? | bizjötgürmegenbizmi? jötgürmegenmibiz?haven't we coughed? | sizjötgürmegenmisiz?haven't you all coughed? | alajötgürmegenmidile?haven't they coughed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjötgürüb turdumI kept coughing | senjötgürüb turduŋyou kept coughing | oljötgürüb turduhe kept coughing | bizjötgürüb turduqwe kept coughing | sizjötgürüb turduğuzyou all kept coughing | alajötgürüb turdulathey kept coughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjötgürüb turmadımI didn't keep coughing | senjötgürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep coughing | oljötgürüb turmadıhe didn't keep coughing | bizjötgürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep coughing | sizjötgürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep coughing | alajötgürüb turmadılathey didn't keep coughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötgürürmeI will cough | senjötgürürseyou will cough | oljötgürürhe will cough | bizjötgürürbüzwe will cough | sizjötgürürsüzyou all will cough | alajötgürürlethey will cough |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötgürmezmeI won't cough | senjötgürmezseyou won't cough | oljötgürmezhe won't cough | bizjötgürmezbizwe won't cough | sizjötgürmezsizyou all won't cough | alajötgürmezlethey won't cough |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötgürürmemi? jötgürürmüme?will I cough? | senjötgürürmüse?will you cough? | oljötgürürmü?will he cough? | bizjötgürürbüzmü? jötgürürmübüz?will we cough? | sizjötgürürmüsüz?will you all cough? | alajötgürürlemi? jötgürürmüle?will they cough? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötgürmezmemi? jötgürmezmime?won't I cough? | senjötgürmezmise?won't you cough? | oljötgürmezmi?won't he cough? | bizjötgürmezbizmi? jötgürmezmibiz?won't we cough? | sizjötgürmezmisiz?won't you all cough? | alajötgürmezlemi? jötgürmezmile?won't they cough? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötgürlükme1jötgürrükmeI am going to cough | senjötgürlükse1jötgürrükseyou are going to cough | oljötgürlükdü1jötgürrükdühe is going to cough | bizjötgürlükbüz1jötgürrükbüzwe are going to cough | sizjötgürlüksüz1jötgürrüksüzyou all are going to cough | alajötgürlükdüle1jötgürrükdülethey are going to cough |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötgürlük tülme1jötgürrük tülmeI am not going to cough | senjötgürlük tülse1jötgürrük tülseyou are not going to cough | oljötgürlük tüldü1jötgürrük tüldühe is not going to cough | bizjötgürlük tülbüz1jötgürrük tülbüzwe are not going to cough | sizjötgürlük tülsüz1jötgürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to cough | alajötgürlük tüldüle1jötgürrük tüldülethey are not going to cough |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötgürlükmemi?1 jötgürlükmüme?jötgürrükmemi?am I going to cough? | senjötgürlükmüse?1jötgürrükmüse?are you going to cough? | oljötgürlükmüdü?1jötgürrükmüdü?is he going to cough? | bizjötgürlükbüzmü?1 jötgürlükmübüz?jötgürrükbüzmü?are we going to cough? | sizjötgürlükmüsüz?1jötgürrükmüsüz?are you all going to cough? | alajötgürlükmüdüle?1jötgürrükmüdüle?are they going to cough? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötgürlük tülmüme?1jötgürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to cough? | senjötgürlük tülmüse?1jötgürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to cough? | oljötgürlük tülmüdü?1jötgürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to cough? | bizjötgürlük tülmübüz?1jötgürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to cough? | sizjötgürlük tülmüsüz?1jötgürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cough? | alajötgürlük tülmüdüle?1jötgürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cough? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötgürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjötgürgen edimjötgürgenemI had coughed | senjötgürgen ediŋjötgürgeneŋyou had coughed | oljötgürgen edijötgürgenedhe had coughed | bizjötgürgen edikjötgürgenekwe had coughed | sizjötgürgen edigizjötgürgenegizyou all had coughed | alajötgürgen edilejötgürgenellethey had coughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjötgürmegen edimjötgürmegenemI hadn't coughed | senjötgürmegen ediŋjötgürmegeneŋyou hadn't coughed | oljötgürmegen edijötgürmegenedhe hadn't coughed | bizjötgürmegen edikjötgürmegenekwe hadn't coughed | sizjötgürmegen edigizjötgürmegenegizyou all hadn't coughed | alajötgürmegen edilejötgürmegenellethey hadn't coughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjötgüre edimjötgüremI was coughing | senjötgüre ediŋjötgüreŋyou were coughing | oljötgüre edijötgüredhe was coughing | bizjötgüre edikjötgürekwe were coughing | sizjötgüre edigizjötgüregizyou all were coughing | alajötgüre edilejötgürellethey were coughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjötgürmey edimjötgürmeyemI wasn't coughing | senjötgürmey ediŋjötgürmeyeŋyou weren't coughing | oljötgürmey edijötgürmeyedhe wasn't coughing | bizjötgürmey edikjötgürmeyekwe weren't coughing | sizjötgürmey edigizjötgürmeyegizyou all weren't coughing | alajötgürmey edilejötgürmeyellethey weren't coughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjötgürüwçen edimjötgürüwçenemI used to cough | senjötgürüwçen ediŋjötgürüwçeneŋyou used to cough | oljötgürüwçen edijötgürüwçenedhe used to cough | bizjötgürüwçen edikjötgürüwçenekwe used to cough | sizjötgürüwçen edigizjötgürüwçenegizyou all used to cough | alajötgürüwçen edilejötgürüwçenellethey used to cough |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjötgürmewçen edimjötgürmewçenemI didn't use to cough | senjötgürmewçen ediŋjötgürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to cough | oljötgürmewçen edijötgürmewçenedhe didn't use to cough | bizjötgürmewçen edikjötgürmewçenekwe didn't use to cough | sizjötgürmewçen edigizjötgürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to cough | alajötgürmewçen edilejötgürmewçenellethey didn't use to cough |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljötgürüb edihe had coughed and remained so | alajötgürüb edilethey had coughed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljötgürüb tül edihe hadn't coughed | alajötgürüb tül edilethey hadn't coughed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjötgürüb tura edimjötgürüb turaemI had kept coughing | senjötgürüb tura ediŋjötgürüb turaeŋyou had kept coughing | oljötgürüb tura edijötgürüb turaedhe had kept coughing | bizjötgürüb tura edikjötgürüb turaekwe had kept coughing | sizjötgürüb tura edigizjötgürüb turaegizyou all had kept coughing | alajötgürüb tura edilejötgürüb turaellethey had kept coughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjötgürüb turmay edimjötgürüb turmayemI hadn't kept coughing | senjötgürüb turmay ediŋjötgürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept coughing | oljötgürüb turmay edijötgürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept coughing | bizjötgürüb turmay edikjötgürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept coughing | sizjötgürüb turmay edigizjötgürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept coughing | alajötgürüb turmay edilejötgürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept coughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjötgüre tura edimjötgüre turaemI was in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre tura ediŋjötgüre turaeŋyou were in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre tura edijötgüre turaedhe was in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre tura edikjötgüre turaekwe were in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre tura edigizjötgüre turaegizyou all were in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre tura edilejötgüre turaellethey were in the middle of coughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjötgüre turmay edimjötgüre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre turmay ediŋjötgüre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre turmay edijötgüre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre turmay edikjötgüre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre turmay edigizjötgüre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre turmay edilejötgüre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of coughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjötgürür edimjötgürür emI would cough | senjötgürür ediŋjötgürür eŋyou would cough | oljötgürür edijötgürür edhe would cough | bizjötgürür edikjötgürür ekwe would cough | sizjötgürür edigizjötgürür egizyou all would cough | alajötgürür edilejötgürür ellethey would cough |
| Conditional result (would) | menjötgürmez edimjötgürmez emI wouldn't cough | senjötgürmez ediŋjötgürmez eŋyou wouldn't cough | oljötgürmez edijötgürmez edhe wouldn't cough | bizjötgürmez edikjötgürmez ekwe wouldn't cough | sizjötgürmez edigizjötgürmez egizyou all wouldn't cough | alajötgürmez edilejötgürmez ellethey wouldn't cough |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjötgürlük edim2jötgürlük emjötgürrük edimI would have coughed | senjötgürlük ediŋ2jötgürlük eŋjötgürrük ediŋyou would have coughed | oljötgürlük edi2jötgürlük edjötgürrük edihe would have coughed | bizjötgürlük edik2jötgürlük ekjötgürrük edikwe would have coughed | sizjötgürlük edigiz2jötgürlük egizjötgürrük edigizyou all would have coughed | alajötgürlük edile2jötgürlük ellejötgürrük edilethey would have coughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjötgürlük tül edim2jötgürlük tül emjötgürrük tül edimI wouldn't have coughed | senjötgürlük tül ediŋ2jötgürlük tül eŋjötgürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have coughed | oljötgürlük tül edi2jötgürlük tül edjötgürrük tül edihe wouldn't have coughed | bizjötgürlük tül edik2jötgürlük tül ekjötgürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have coughed | sizjötgürlük tül edigiz2jötgürlük tül egizjötgürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have coughed | alajötgürlük tül edile2jötgürlük tül ellejötgürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have coughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötgürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjötgürsemif I cough | senjötgürseŋif you cough | oljötgürseif he coughs | bizjötgürsekif we cough | sizjötgürsegizif you all cough | alajötgürseleif they cough |
| Conditional | menjötgürmesemif I don't cough | senjötgürmeseŋif you don't cough | oljötgürmeseif he doesn't cough | bizjötgürmesekif we don't cough | sizjötgürmesegizif you all don't cough | alajötgürmeseleif they don't cough |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjötgüre esemif I am coughing | senjötgüre eseŋif you are coughing | oljötgüre eseif he is coughing | bizjötgüre esekif we are coughing | sizjötgüre esegizif you all are coughing | alajötgüre eseleif they are coughing |
| Conditional, present real | menjötgürmey esemif I am not coughing | senjötgürmey eseŋif you are not coughing | oljötgürmey eseif he is not coughing | bizjötgürmey esekif we are not coughing | sizjötgürmey esegizif you all are not coughing | alajötgürmey eseleif they are not coughing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjötgürsem edijötgürsem edif only I coughed | senjötgürseŋ edijötgürseŋ edif only you coughed | oljötgürse edijötgürsedif only he coughed | bizjötgürsek edijötgürsek edif only we coughed | sizjötgürsegiz edijötgürsegiz edif only you all coughed | alajötgürsele edijötgürseledif only they coughed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjötgürmesem edijötgürmesem edif only I didn't cough | senjötgürmeseŋ edijötgürmeseŋ edif only you didn't cough | oljötgürmese edijötgürmesedif only he didn't cough | bizjötgürmesek edijötgürmesek edif only we didn't cough | sizjötgürmesegiz edijötgürmesegiz edif only you all didn't cough | alajötgürmesele edijötgürmeseledif only they didn't cough |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjötgürüb tursamif I carry on coughing | senjötgürüb tursaŋif you carry on coughing | oljötgürüb tursaif he carries on coughing | bizjötgürüb tursaqif we carry on coughing | sizjötgürüb tursağızif you all carry on coughing | alajötgürüb tursalaif they carry on coughing |
| Durative conditional | menjötgürüb turmasamif I don't carry on coughing | senjötgürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on coughing | oljötgürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on coughing | bizjötgürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on coughing | sizjötgürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on coughing | alajötgürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on coughing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjötgürüb tura esemif I have kept coughing | senjötgürüb tura eseŋif you have kept coughing | oljötgürüb tura eseif he has kept coughing | bizjötgürüb tura esekif we have kept coughing | sizjötgürüb tura esegizif you all have kept coughing | alajötgürüb tura eseleif they have kept coughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjötgürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept coughing | senjötgürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept coughing | oljötgürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept coughing | bizjötgürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept coughing | sizjötgürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept coughing | alajötgürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept coughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjötgüre tursamif I keep coughing | senjötgüre tursaŋif you keep coughing | oljötgüre tursaif he keeps coughing | bizjötgüre tursaqif we keep coughing | sizjötgüre tursağızif you all keep coughing | alajötgüre tursalaif they keep coughing |
| Progressive conditional | menjötgürmey tursamif I keep on not coughing | senjötgürmey tursaŋif you keep on not coughing | oljötgürmey tursaif he keeps on not coughing | bizjötgürmey tursaqif we keep on not coughing | sizjötgürmey tursağızif you all keep on not coughing | alajötgürmey tursalaif they keep on not coughing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjötgüre tura esemif I am in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre tura eseif he is in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre tura esekif we are in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre tura eseleif they are in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjötgürmey tura esemif I keep on not coughing | senjötgürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not coughing | oljötgürmey tura eseif he keeps on not coughing | bizjötgürmey tura esekif we keep on not coughing | sizjötgürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not coughing | alajötgürmey tura eseleif they keep on not coughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjötgürdüm esemif I coughed | senjötgürdüŋ eseŋif you coughed | oljötgürdü eseif he coughed | bizjötgürdük esekif we coughed | sizjötgürdügüz esegizif you all coughed | alajötgürdüle eseleif they coughed |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjötgürmedim esemif I didn't cough | senjötgürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't cough | oljötgürmedi eseif he didn't cough | bizjötgürmedik esekif we didn't cough | sizjötgürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't cough | alajötgürmedile eseleif they didn't cough |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjötgürgen esemif I did cough (indeed) | senjötgürgen eseŋif you did cough (indeed) | oljötgürgen eseif he did cough (indeed) | bizjötgürgen esekif we did cough (indeed) | sizjötgürgen esegizif you all did cough (indeed) | alajötgürgen eseleif they did cough (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjötgürmegen esemif I didn't cough (indeed) | senjötgürmegen eseŋif you didn't cough (indeed) | oljötgürmegen eseif he didn't cough (indeed) | bizjötgürmegen esekif we didn't cough (indeed) | sizjötgürmegen esegizif you all didn't cough (indeed) | alajötgürmegen eseleif they didn't cough (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjötgürgen bolsamif I had coughed | senjötgürgen bolsaŋif you had coughed | oljötgürgen bolsaif he had coughed | bizjötgürgen bolsaqif we had coughed | sizjötgürgen bolsağızif you all had coughed | alajötgürgen bolsalaif they had coughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjötgürmegen bolsamif I hadn't coughed | senjötgürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't coughed | oljötgürmegen bolsaif he hadn't coughed | bizjötgürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't coughed | sizjötgürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't coughed | alajötgürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't coughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjötgürgen bolsam edijötgürgen bolsam edif only I had coughed | senjötgürgen bolsaŋ edijötgürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had coughed | oljötgürgen bolsa edijötgürgen bolsaedif only he had coughed | bizjötgürgen bolsaq edijötgürgen bolsaq edif only we had coughed | sizjötgürgen bolsağız edijötgürgen bolsağız edif only you all had coughed | alajötgürgen bolsala edijötgürgen bolsalaedif only they had coughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjötgürmegen bolsam edijötgürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't coughed | senjötgürmegen bolsaŋ edijötgürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't coughed | oljötgürmegen bolsa edijötgürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't coughed | bizjötgürmegen bolsaq edijötgürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't coughed | sizjötgürmegen bolsağız edijötgürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't coughed | alajötgürmegen bolsala edijötgürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't coughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjötgürür esemif I will cough | senjötgürür eseŋif you will cough | oljötgürür eseif he will cough | bizjötgürür esekif we will cough | sizjötgürür esegizif you all will cough | alajötgürür eseleif they will cough |
| Conditional, aorist | menjötgürmez esemif I won't cough | senjötgürmez eseŋif you won't cough | oljötgürmez eseif he won't cough | bizjötgürmez esekif we won't cough | sizjötgürmez esegizif you all won't cough | alajötgürmez eseleif they won't cough |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjötgürlük esem4jötgürrük esemif I am going to cough | senjötgürlük eseŋ4jötgürrük eseŋif you are going to cough | oljötgürlük ese4jötgürrük eseif he is going to cough | bizjötgürlük esek4jötgürrük esekif we are going to cough | sizjötgürlük esegiz4jötgürrük esegizif you all are going to cough | alajötgürlük esele4jötgürrük eseleif they are going to cough |
| Conditional, future | menjötgürlük tül esem4jötgürrük tül esemif I am not going to cough | senjötgürlük tül eseŋ4jötgürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to cough | oljötgürlük tül ese4jötgürrük tül eseif he is not going to cough | bizjötgürlük tül esek4jötgürrük tül esekif we are not going to cough | sizjötgürlük tül esegiz4jötgürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to cough | alajötgürlük tül esele4jötgürrük tül eseleif they are not going to cough |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjötgürlük bolsam5jötgürrük bolsamif I were going to cough | senjötgürlük bolsaŋ5jötgürrük bolsaŋif you were going to cough | oljötgürlük bolsa5jötgürrük bolsaif he were going to cough | bizjötgürlük bolsaq5jötgürrük bolsaqif we were going to cough | sizjötgürlük bolsağız5jötgürrük bolsağızif you all were going to cough | alajötgürlük bolsala5jötgürrük bolsalaif they were going to cough |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjötgürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to cough | senjötgürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to cough | oljötgürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to cough | bizjötgürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to cough | sizjötgürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to cough | alajötgürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to cough |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jötgürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötgürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötgürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjötgüre bolurmaI must be coughing | senjötgüre bolursayou must be coughing | oljötgüre bolurhe must be coughing | bizjötgüre bolurbuzwe must be coughing | sizjötgüre bolursuzyou all must be coughing | alajötgüre bolurlathey must be coughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjötgürmey bolurmaI must not be coughing | senjötgürmey bolursayou must not be coughing | oljötgürmey bolurhe must not be coughing | bizjötgürmey bolurbuzwe must not be coughing | sizjötgürmey bolursuzyou all must not be coughing | alajötgürmey bolurlathey must not be coughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjötgüre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of coughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjötgürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not coughing | senjötgürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not coughing | oljötgürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not coughing | bizjötgürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not coughing | sizjötgürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not coughing | alajötgürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not coughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjötgürgen bolurmaI must have coughed | senjötgürgen bolursayou must have coughed | oljötgürgen bolurhe must have coughed | bizjötgürgen bolurbuzwe must have coughed | sizjötgürgen bolursuzyou all must have coughed | alajötgürgen bolurlathey must have coughed |
| Inference (must have) | menjötgürmegen bolurmaI must not have coughed | senjötgürmegen bolursayou must not have coughed | oljötgürmegen bolurhe must not have coughed | bizjötgürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have coughed | sizjötgürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have coughed | alajötgürmegen bolurlathey must not have coughed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjötgürlük bolurma6jötgürrük bolurmaI must be going to cough | senjötgürlük bolursa6jötgürrük bolursayou must be going to cough | oljötgürlük bolur6jötgürrük bolurhe must be going to cough | bizjötgürlük bolurbuz6jötgürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to cough | sizjötgürlük bolursuz6jötgürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to cough | alajötgürlük bolurla6jötgürrük bolurlathey must be going to cough |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjötgürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to cough | senjötgürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to cough | oljötgürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to cough | bizjötgürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to cough | sizjötgürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to cough | alajötgürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to cough |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötgürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjötgüreyimlet me cough | senjötgür!cough! | oljötgürsünlet him cough | bizjötgüreyiklet's cough | sizjötgürügüz!cough, you all! | alajötgürsünlelet them cough |
| Commands & suggestions | menjötgürmeyimlet me not cough | senjötgürme!don't cough! | oljötgürmesinlet him not cough | bizjötgürmeyiklet's not cough | sizjötgürmegiz!don't cough, you all! | alajötgürmesinlelet them not cough |
| Commands & suggestions | menjötgüreyimmi?shall I cough? | oljötgürsünmü?should he cough? | bizjötgüreyikmi?shall we cough? | alajötgürsünlemi?should they cough? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjötgürmeyimmi?shall I not cough? | oljötgürmesinmi?should he not cough? | bizjötgürmeyikmi?shall we not cough? | alajötgürmesinlemi?should they not cough? | ||
| Requests | senjötgürçü7jötgürçünplease cough | oljötgürsünçüdo let him cough | sizjötgürçügüzplease cough (plural/polite) | alajötgürsünleçido let them cough | ||
| Requests | senjötgürmeçi7jötgürmeçinplease don't cough | oljötgürmesinçido let him not cough | sizjötgürmeçigizplease don't cough (plural/polite) | alajötgürmesinleçido let them not cough | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjötgürgünjötgürgümay you cough | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjötgürmeginjötgürmegimay you not cough | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjötgürgey edim jötgürge edimwould that I coughed | senjötgürgey ediŋ jötgürge ediŋwould that you coughed | oljötgürgey edi jötgürge ediwould that he coughed | bizjötgürgey edik jötgürge edikwould that we coughed | sizjötgürgey edigiz jötgürge edigizwould that you all coughed | alajötgürgey edile jötgürge edilewould that they coughed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjötgürmegey edim jötgürmege edimwould that I did not cough | senjötgürmegey ediŋ jötgürmege ediŋwould that you did not cough | oljötgürmegey edi jötgürmege ediwould that he did not cough | bizjötgürmegey edik jötgürmege edikwould that we did not cough | sizjötgürmegey edigiz jötgürmege edigizwould that you all did not cough | alajötgürmegey edile jötgürmege edilewould that they did not cough |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötgürmege qoyayımjötgürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoy!jötgürme qoy!let someone cough! | oljötgürmege qoysunjötgürme qoysunlet him allow someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoyayıqjötgürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoyuğuz!jötgürme qoyuğuz!let someone cough, you all! | alajötgürmege qoysunlajötgürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötgürmege qoymayımjötgürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoyma!jötgürme qoyma!don't let someone cough! | oljötgürmege qoymasınjötgürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoymayıqjötgürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoymağız!jötgürme qoymağız!don't let someone cough, you all! | alajötgürmege qoymasınlajötgürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötgürmege qoyayımmı?jötgürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoysunmu?jötgürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoyayıqmı?jötgürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoysunlamı?jötgürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cough? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötgürmege qoymayımmı?jötgürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoymasınmı?jötgürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoymayıqmı?jötgürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoymasınlamı?jötgürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cough? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjötgürmege qoyamajötgürme qoyamaI allow someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoyasajötgürme qoyasayou allow someone to cough | oljötgürmege qoyadıjötgürme qoyadıhe allows someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoyabızjötgürme qoyabızwe allow someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoyasızjötgürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to cough | alajötgürmege qoyadılajötgürme qoyadılathey allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötgürmege qoymaymajötgürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoymaysajötgürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cough | oljötgürmege qoymaydıjötgürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoymaybızjötgürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoymaysızjötgürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cough | alajötgürmege qoymaydılajötgürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötgürmege qoyamamı?jötgürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cough? | senjötgürmege qoyamısa?jötgürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoyamıdı?jötgürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoyabızmı?jötgürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cough? | sizjötgürmege qoyamısız?jötgürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoyamıdıla?jötgürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötgürmege qoymaymamı?jötgürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cough? | senjötgürmege qoymaymısa?jötgürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoymaymıdı?jötgürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoymaybızmı?jötgürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cough? | sizjötgürmege qoymaymısız?jötgürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoymaymıdıla?jötgürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötgürmege qoydumjötgürme qoydumI allowed someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoyduŋjötgürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cough | oljötgürmege qoydujötgürme qoyduhe allowed someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoyduqjötgürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoyduğuzjötgürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cough | alajötgürmege qoydulajötgürme qoydulathey allowed someone to cough |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötgürmege qoymadımjötgürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cough | senjötgürmege qoymadıŋjötgürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cough | oljötgürmege qoymadıjötgürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cough | bizjötgürmege qoymadıqjötgürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cough | sizjötgürmege qoymadığızjötgürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cough | alajötgürmege qoymadılajötgürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötgürmege qoydummu?jötgürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to cough? | senjötgürmege qoyduŋmu?jötgürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoydumu?jötgürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoyduqmu?jötgürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cough? | sizjötgürmege qoyduğuzmu?jötgürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoydulamı?jötgürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötgürmege qoymadımmı?jötgürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cough? | senjötgürmege qoymadıŋmı?jötgürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cough? | oljötgürmege qoymadımı?jötgürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cough? | bizjötgürmege qoymadıqmı?jötgürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cough? | sizjötgürmege qoymadığızmı?jötgürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cough? | alajötgürmege qoymadılamı?jötgürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cough? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jötgüralırğa be able to cough · jötgüralmazğa be unable to cough
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjötgüralamaI can cough | senjötgüralasayou can cough | oljötgüraladıhe can cough | bizjötgüralabızwe can cough | sizjötgüralasızyou all can cough | alajötgüraladılathey can cough |
| Ability — present | menjötgüralmaymaI can't cough | senjötgüralmaysayou can't cough | oljötgüralmaydıhe can't cough | bizjötgüralmaybızwe can't cough | sizjötgüralmaysızyou all can't cough | alajötgüralmaydılathey can't cough |
| Ability — present | menjötgüralamamı? jötgüralamıma?can I cough? | senjötgüralamısa?can you cough? | oljötgüralamıdı?can he cough? | bizjötgüralabızmı? jötgüralamıbız?can we cough? | sizjötgüralamısız?can you all cough? | alajötgüralamıdıla?can they cough? |
| Ability — present | menjötgüralmaymamı? jötgüralmaymıma?can't I cough? | senjötgüralmaymısa?can't you cough? | oljötgüralmaymıdı?can't he cough? | bizjötgüralmaybızmı? jötgüralmaymıbız?can't we cough? | sizjötgüralmaymısız?can't you all cough? | alajötgüralmaymıdıla?can't they cough? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjötgüralsamif I can cough | senjötgüralsaŋif you can cough | oljötgüralsaif he can cough | bizjötgüralsaqif we can cough | sizjötgüralsağızif you all can cough | alajötgüralsalaif they can cough |
| Ability — if I can… | menjötgüralmasamif I can't cough | senjötgüralmasaŋif you can't cough | oljötgüralmasaif he can't cough | bizjötgüralmasaqif we can't cough | sizjötgüralmasağızif you all can't cough | alajötgüralmasalaif they can't cough |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjötgüraldımI was able to cough | senjötgüraldıŋyou were able to cough | oljötgüraldıhe was able to cough | bizjötgüraldıqwe were able to cough | sizjötgüraldığızyou all were able to cough | alajötgüraldılathey were able to cough |
| Ability — simple past | menjötgüralmadımI could not cough | senjötgüralmadıŋyou could not cough | oljötgüralmadıhe could not cough | bizjötgüralmadıqwe could not cough | sizjötgüralmadığızyou all could not cough | alajötgüralmadılathey could not cough |
| Ability — simple past | menjötgüraldımmı?was I able to cough? | senjötgüraldıŋmı?were you able to cough? | oljötgüraldımı?was he able to cough? | bizjötgüraldıqmı?were we able to cough? | sizjötgüraldığızmı?were you all able to cough? | alajötgüraldılamı?were they able to cough? |
| Ability — simple past | menjötgüralmadımmı?couldn't I cough? | senjötgüralmadıŋmı?couldn't you cough? | oljötgüralmadımı?couldn't he cough? | bizjötgüralmadıqmı?couldn't we cough? | sizjötgüralmadığızmı?couldn't you all cough? | alajötgüralmadılamı?couldn't they cough? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötgüralğanmaI have been able to cough | senjötgüralğansayou have been able to cough | oljötgüralğandıhe has been able to cough | bizjötgüralğanbızwe have been able to cough | sizjötgüralğansızyou all have been able to cough | alajötgüralğandılathey have been able to cough |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötgüralmağanmaI haven't been able to cough | senjötgüralmağansayou haven't been able to cough | oljötgüralmağandıhe hasn't been able to cough | bizjötgüralmağanbızwe haven't been able to cough | sizjötgüralmağansızyou all haven't been able to cough | alajötgüralmağandılathey haven't been able to cough |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötgüralğanmamı? jötgüralğanmıma?have I been able to cough? | senjötgüralğanmısa?have you been able to cough? | oljötgüralğanmıdı?has he been able to cough? | bizjötgüralğanbızmı? jötgüralğanmıbız?have we been able to cough? | sizjötgüralğanmısız?have you all been able to cough? | alajötgüralğanmıdıla?have they been able to cough? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötgüralmağanmamı? jötgüralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cough? | senjötgüralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cough? | oljötgüralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cough? | bizjötgüralmağanbızmı? jötgüralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cough? | sizjötgüralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cough? | alajötgüralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cough? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjötgüralğan edimjötgüralğanemI had been able to cough | senjötgüralğan ediŋjötgüralğaneŋyou had been able to cough | oljötgüralğan edijötgüralğanedhe had been able to cough | bizjötgüralğan edikjötgüralğanekwe had been able to cough | sizjötgüralğan edigizjötgüralğanegizyou all had been able to cough | alajötgüralğan edilejötgüralğanellethey had been able to cough |
| Ability — past perfect | menjötgüralmağan edimjötgüralmağanemI hadn't been able to cough | senjötgüralmağan ediŋjötgüralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cough | oljötgüralmağan edijötgüralmağanedhe hadn't been able to cough | bizjötgüralmağan edikjötgüralmağanekwe hadn't been able to cough | sizjötgüralmağan edigizjötgüralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cough | alajötgüralmağan edilejötgüralmağanellethey hadn't been able to cough |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjötgürala edimjötgüralaemI could cough | senjötgürala ediŋjötgüralaeŋyou could cough | oljötgürala edijötgüralaedhe could cough | bizjötgürala edikjötgüralaekwe could cough | sizjötgürala edigizjötgüralaegizyou all could cough | alajötgürala edilejötgüralaellethey could cough |
| Ability — past background | menjötgüralmay edimjötgüralmayemI could not cough | senjötgüralmay ediŋjötgüralmayeŋyou could not cough | oljötgüralmay edijötgüralmayedhe could not cough | bizjötgüralmay edikjötgüralmayekwe could not cough | sizjötgüralmay edigizjötgüralmayegizyou all could not cough | alajötgüralmay edilejötgüralmayellethey could not cough |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjötgüralırmaI will be able to cough | senjötgüralırsayou will be able to cough | oljötgüralırhe will be able to cough | bizjötgüralırbızwe will be able to cough | sizjötgüralırsızyou all will be able to cough | alajötgüralırlathey will be able to cough |
| Ability — future I | menjötgüralmazmaI won't be able to cough | senjötgüralmazsayou won't be able to cough | oljötgüralmazhe won't be able to cough | bizjötgüralmazbızwe won't be able to cough | sizjötgüralmazsızyou all won't be able to cough | alajötgüralmazlathey won't be able to cough |
| Ability — future I | menjötgüralırmamı? jötgüralırmıma?will I be able to cough? | senjötgüralırmısa?will you be able to cough? | oljötgüralırmı?will he be able to cough? | bizjötgüralırbızmı? jötgüralırmıbız?will we be able to cough? | sizjötgüralırmısız?will you all be able to cough? | alajötgüralırlamı? jötgüralırmıla?will they be able to cough? |
| Ability — future I | menjötgüralmazmamı? jötgüralmazmıma?won't I be able to cough? | senjötgüralmazmısa?won't you be able to cough? | oljötgüralmazmı?won't he be able to cough? | bizjötgüralmazbızmı? jötgüralmazmıbız?won't we be able to cough? | sizjötgüralmazmısız?won't you all be able to cough? | alajötgüralmazlamı? jötgüralmazmıla?won't they be able to cough? |
| Ability — future II | menjötgürallıqmaI am going to be able to cough | senjötgürallıqsayou are going to be able to cough | oljötgürallıqdıhe is going to be able to cough | bizjötgürallıqbızwe are going to be able to cough | sizjötgürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cough | alajötgürallıqdılathey are going to be able to cough |
| Ability — future II | menjötgürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cough | senjötgürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cough | oljötgürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cough | bizjötgürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cough | sizjötgürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cough | alajötgürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cough |
| Ability — future II | menjötgürallıqmamı? jötgürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cough? | senjötgürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cough? | oljötgürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cough? | bizjötgürallıqbızmı? jötgürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cough? | sizjötgürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cough? | alajötgürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cough? |
| Ability — future II | menjötgürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cough? | senjötgürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cough? | oljötgürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cough? | bizjötgürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cough? | sizjötgürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cough? | alajötgürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cough? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjötgüralır edimjötgüralır emI would be able to cough | senjötgüralır ediŋjötgüralır eŋyou would be able to cough | oljötgüralır edijötgüralır edhe would be able to cough | bizjötgüralır edikjötgüralır ekwe would be able to cough | sizjötgüralır edigizjötgüralır egizyou all would be able to cough | alajötgüralır edilejötgüralır ellethey would be able to cough |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjötgüralmaz edimjötgüralmaz emI wouldn't be able to cough | senjötgüralmaz ediŋjötgüralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cough | oljötgüralmaz edijötgüralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cough | bizjötgüralmaz edikjötgüralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cough | sizjötgüralmaz edigizjötgüralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cough | alajötgüralmaz edilejötgüralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cough |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjötgüralğınjötgüralğımay you be able to cough | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjötgüralmağınjötgüralmağımay you not be able to cough | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjötgürürge izleymeI want to cough | senjötgürürge izleyseyou want to cough | oljötgürürge izleydihe wants to cough | bizjötgürürge izleybizwe want to cough | sizjötgürürge izleysizyou all want to cough | alajötgürürge izleydilethey want to cough |
| want to | menjötgürürge izlemeymeI do not want to cough | senjötgürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to cough | oljötgürürge izlemeydihe does not want to cough | bizjötgürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to cough | sizjötgürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to cough | alajötgürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to cough |
| would like to | menjötgürürge süemeI would like to cough | senjötgürürge süeseyou would like to cough | oljötgürürge süedihe would like to cough | bizjötgürürge süebizwe would like to cough | sizjötgürürge süesizyou all would like to cough | alajötgürürge süedilethey would like to cough |
| would like to | menjötgürürge süymeymeI would not like to cough | senjötgürürge süymeyseyou would not like to cough | oljötgürürge süymeydihe would not like to cough | bizjötgürürge süymeybizwe would not like to cough | sizjötgürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to cough | alajötgürürge süymeydilethey would not like to cough |
| hope to | menjötgürürge umutlanamaI hope to cough | senjötgürürge umutlanasayou hope to cough | oljötgürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to cough | bizjötgürürge umutlanabızwe hope to cough | sizjötgürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to cough | alajötgürürge umutlanadılathey hope to cough |
| hope to | menjötgürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cough | senjötgürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cough | oljötgürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cough | bizjötgürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cough | sizjötgürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cough | alajötgürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cough |
| be about to | menjötgürürge deb turamaI am about to cough | senjötgürürge deb turasayou are about to cough | oljötgürürge deb turadıhe is about to cough | bizjötgürürge deb turabızwe are about to cough | sizjötgürürge deb turasızyou all are about to cough | alajötgürürge deb turadılathey are about to cough |
| be about to | menjötgürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to cough | senjötgürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to cough | oljötgürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to cough | bizjötgürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to cough | sizjötgürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cough | alajötgürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to cough |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjötgürürge kerekmeI need to cough | senjötgürürge kerekseyou need to cough | oljötgürürge kerekdihe needs to cough | bizjötgürürge kerekbizwe need to cough | sizjötgürürge kereksizyou all need to cough | alajötgürürge kerekdilethey need to cough |
| need to | menjötgürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to cough | senjötgürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to cough | oljötgürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to cough | bizjötgürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cough | sizjötgürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cough | alajötgürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to cough |
| have to | menmenŋe jötgürürge tüşediI have to cough | sensenŋe jötgürürge tüşediyou have to cough | olaŋa jötgürürge tüşedihe has to cough | bizbizge jötgürürge tüşediwe have to cough | sizsizge jötgürürge tüşediyou all have to cough | alaalağa jötgürürge tüşedithey have to cough |
| have to | menmenŋe jötgürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to cough | sensenŋe jötgürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to cough | olaŋa jötgürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to cough | bizbizge jötgürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to cough | sizsizge jötgürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cough | alaalağa jötgürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to cough |
| be obliged to | menjötgürürge borçlumaI am obliged to cough | senjötgürürge borçlusayou are obliged to cough | oljötgürürge borçluduhe is obliged to cough | bizjötgürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to cough | sizjötgürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cough | alajötgürürge borçludulathey are obliged to cough |
| be obliged to | menjötgürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cough | senjötgürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cough | oljötgürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cough | bizjötgürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cough | sizjötgürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cough | alajötgürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cough |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjötgürürge madarım bardıI have a way to cough | senjötgürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cough | oljötgürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to cough | bizjötgürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cough | sizjötgürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cough | alajötgürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to cough |
| have a way to | menjötgürürge madarım joqduI have no way to cough | senjötgürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cough | oljötgürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to cough | bizjötgürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cough | sizjötgürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cough | alajötgürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to cough |
| be free to | menjötgürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to cough | senjötgürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cough | oljötgürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to cough | bizjötgürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cough | sizjötgürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cough | alajötgürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cough |
| be free to | menjötgürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to cough | senjötgürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cough | oljötgürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cough | bizjötgürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cough | sizjötgürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cough | alajötgürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cough |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to cough | sensenŋe jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to cough | olaŋa jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to cough | bizbizge jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to cough | sizsizge jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to cough | alaalağa jötgürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to cough |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cough | sensenŋe jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cough | olaŋa jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cough | bizbizge jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cough | sizsizge jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cough | alaalağa jötgürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cough |
| be ready to | menjötgürürge hazırmaI am ready to cough | senjötgürürge hazırsayou are ready to cough | oljötgürürge hazırdıhe is ready to cough | bizjötgürürge hazırbızwe are ready to cough | sizjötgürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to cough | alajötgürürge hazırdılathey are ready to cough |
| be ready to | menjötgürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to cough | senjötgürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to cough | oljötgürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to cough | bizjötgürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cough | sizjötgürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cough | alajötgürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cough |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjötgürürge küreşemeI am trying to cough | senjötgürürge küreşeseyou are trying to cough | oljötgürürge küreşedihe is trying to cough | bizjötgürürge küreşebizwe are trying to cough | sizjötgürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to cough | alajötgürürge küreşedilethey are trying to cough |
| try to | menjötgürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to cough | senjötgürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cough | oljötgürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to cough | bizjötgürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cough | sizjötgürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cough | alajötgürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cough |
| agree to | menjötgürürge unaymaI agree to cough | senjötgürürge unaysayou agree to cough | oljötgürürge unaydıhe agrees to cough | bizjötgürürge unaybızwe agree to cough | sizjötgürürge unaysızyou all agree to cough | alajötgürürge unaydılathey agree to cough |
| agree to | menjötgürürge unamaymaI refuse to cough | senjötgürürge unamaysayou refuse to cough | oljötgürürge unamaydıhe refuses to cough | bizjötgürürge unamaybızwe refuse to cough | sizjötgürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to cough | alajötgürürge unamaydılathey refuse to cough |
| hurry to | menjötgürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to cough | senjötgürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to cough | oljötgürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cough | bizjötgürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cough | sizjötgürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cough | alajötgürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cough |
| hurry to | menjötgürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cough | senjötgürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cough | oljötgürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cough | bizjötgürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cough | sizjötgürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cough | alajötgürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cough |
| be afraid to | menjötgürürge qorqamaI am afraid to cough | senjötgürürge qorqasayou are afraid to cough | oljötgürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to cough | bizjötgürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to cough | sizjötgürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to cough | alajötgürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to cough |
| be afraid to | menjötgürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cough | senjötgürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cough | oljötgürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cough | bizjötgürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cough | sizjötgürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cough | alajötgürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cough |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjötgüre bolmazmaI can't be coughing | senjötgüre bolmazsayou can't be coughing | oljötgüre bolmazhe can't be coughing | bizjötgüre bolmazbızwe can't be coughing | sizjötgüre bolmazsızyou all can't be coughing | alajötgüre bolmazlathey can't be coughing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjötgürmey bolmazmaI must be coughing (emphatic) | senjötgürmey bolmazsayou must be coughing (emphatic) | oljötgürmey bolmazhe must be coughing (emphatic) | bizjötgürmey bolmazbızwe must be coughing (emphatic) | sizjötgürmey bolmazsızyou all must be coughing (emphatic) | alajötgürmey bolmazlathey must be coughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjötgüre turmasamif I don't keep coughing | senjötgüre turmasaŋif you don't keep coughing | oljötgüre turmasaif he doesn't keep coughing | bizjötgüre turmasaqif we don't keep coughing | sizjötgüre turmasağızif you all don't keep coughing | alajötgüre turmasalaif they don't keep coughing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjötgüre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of coughing | senjötgüre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of coughing | oljötgüre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of coughing | bizjötgüre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of coughing | sizjötgüre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of coughing | alajötgüre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of coughing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjötgürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | senjötgürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | oljötgürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | bizjötgürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | sizjötgürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | alajötgürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not coughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjötgürmey turamaI keep on not coughing | senjötgürmey turasayou keep on not coughing | oljötgürmey turadıhe keeps on not coughing | bizjötgürmey turabızwe keep on not coughing | sizjötgürmey turasızyou all keep on not coughing | alajötgürmey turadılathey keep on not coughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjötgürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not coughing | senjötgürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not coughing | oljötgürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not coughing | bizjötgürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not coughing | sizjötgürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not coughing | alajötgürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not coughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjötgürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not coughing? | senjötgürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not coughing? | oljötgürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not coughing? | bizjötgürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not coughing? | sizjötgürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not coughing? | alajötgürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not coughing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjötgürgen bolmazmaI can't have coughed | senjötgürgen bolmazsayou can't have coughed | oljötgürgen bolmazhe can't have coughed | bizjötgürgen bolmazbızwe can't have coughed | sizjötgürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have coughed | alajötgürgen bolmazlathey can't have coughed |
| Inference — double negation | menjötgürmegen bolmazmaI must have coughed (emphatic) | senjötgürmegen bolmazsayou must have coughed (emphatic) | oljötgürmegen bolmazhe must have coughed (emphatic) | bizjötgürmegen bolmazbızwe must have coughed (emphatic) | sizjötgürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have coughed (emphatic) | alajötgürmegen bolmazlathey must have coughed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjötgürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had coughed | senjötgürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had coughed | oljötgürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had coughed | bizjötgürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had coughed | sizjötgürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had coughed | alajötgürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had coughed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjötgürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't coughed | senjötgürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't coughed | oljötgürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't coughed | bizjötgürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't coughed | sizjötgürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't coughed | alajötgürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't coughed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjötgürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to cough | senjötgürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to cough | oljötgürlük bolmazhe can't be going to cough | bizjötgürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to cough | sizjötgürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cough | alajötgürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to cough |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjötgürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to cough (emphatic) | senjötgürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to cough (emphatic) | oljötgürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to cough (emphatic) | bizjötgürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to cough (emphatic) | sizjötgürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to cough (emphatic) | alajötgürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to cough (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjötgürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cough | senjötgürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cough | oljötgürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cough | bizjötgürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cough | sizjötgürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cough | alajötgürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cough |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjötgürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cough | senjötgürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cough | oljötgürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cough | bizjötgürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cough | sizjötgürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cough | alajötgürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cough |