jarqalarğa
/dʒarqalarʁa/
chop, split (firewood into logs); split apart — Typically said of firewood or dry wood: otunnu jarqalarğa "chop firewood".
- otunnu jarqalarğa — to chop the firewood
- Ağaçnı jarqala — Chop the wood
- Atam otun jarqaladı — My father chopped firewood
Conjugation
Common forms
- jarqalaydıhe is chopping
- jarqaladıhe chopped
- jarqalağandıhe has chopped
- jarqalarhe will chop
- jarqalarıqdıhe is going to chop
- jarqalay edihe was chopping
- jarqalasaif he chops
- jarqala!chop!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjarqalaymaI am chopping | senjarqalaysayou are chopping | oljarqalaydıhe is chopping | bizjarqalaybızwe are chopping | sizjarqalaysızyou all are chopping | alajarqalaydılathey are chopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjarqalamaymaI am not chopping | senjarqalamaysayou are not chopping | oljarqalamaydıhe is not chopping | bizjarqalamaybızwe are not chopping | sizjarqalamaysızyou all are not chopping | alajarqalamaydılathey are not chopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjarqalaymamı? jarqalaymıma?am I chopping? | senjarqalaymısa?are you chopping? | oljarqalaymıdı?is he chopping? | bizjarqalaybızmı? jarqalaymıbız?are we chopping? | sizjarqalaymısız?are you all chopping? | alajarqalaymıdıla?are they chopping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjarqalamaymamı? jarqalamaymıma?aren't I chopping? | senjarqalamaymısa?aren't you chopping? | oljarqalamaymıdı?isn't he chopping? | bizjarqalamaybızmı? jarqalamaymıbız?aren't we chopping? | sizjarqalamaymısız?aren't you all chopping? | alajarqalamaymıdıla?aren't they chopping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjarqalawçanmaI usually chop | senjarqalawçansayou usually chop | oljarqalawçandıhe usually chops | bizjarqalawçanbızwe usually chop | sizjarqalawçansızyou all usually chop | alajarqalawçandılathey usually chop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjarqalamawçanmaI usually don't chop | senjarqalamawçansayou usually don't chop | oljarqalamawçandıhe usually doesn't chop | bizjarqalamawçanbızwe usually don't chop | sizjarqalamawçansızyou all usually don't chop | alajarqalamawçandılathey usually don't chop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjarqalawçanmamı? jarqalawçanmıma?do I usually chop? | senjarqalawçanmısa?do you usually chop? | oljarqalawçanmıdı?does he usually chop? | bizjarqalawçanbızmı? jarqalawçanmıbız?do we usually chop? | sizjarqalawçanmısız?do you all usually chop? | alajarqalawçanmıdıla?do they usually chop? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjarqalamawçanmamı? jarqalamawçanmıma?do I usually not chop? | senjarqalamawçanmısa?do you usually not chop? | oljarqalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not chop? | bizjarqalamawçanbızmı? jarqalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not chop? | sizjarqalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not chop? | alajarqalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not chop? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljarqalabdıhe has chopped and remains so | alajarqalabdılathey have chopped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljarqalabmıdı?has he chopped? | alajarqalabmıdıla?have they chopped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjarqalab turamaI keep chopping | senjarqalab turasayou keep chopping | oljarqalab turadıhe keeps chopping | bizjarqalab turabızwe keep chopping | sizjarqalab turasızyou all keep chopping | alajarqalab turadılathey keep chopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjarqalab turmaymaI don't keep chopping | senjarqalab turmaysayou don't keep chopping | oljarqalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep chopping | bizjarqalab turmaybızwe don't keep chopping | sizjarqalab turmaysızyou all don't keep chopping | alajarqalab turmaydılathey don't keep chopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjarqalab turamamı? jarqalab turamıma?do I keep chopping? | senjarqalab turamısa?do you keep chopping? | oljarqalab turamıdı?does he keep chopping? | bizjarqalab turabızmı? jarqalab turamıbız?do we keep chopping? | sizjarqalab turamısız?do you all keep chopping? | alajarqalab turamıdıla?do they keep chopping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjarqalab turmaymamı? jarqalab turmaymıma?don't I keep chopping? | senjarqalab turmaymısa?don't you keep chopping? | oljarqalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chopping? | bizjarqalab turmaybızmı? jarqalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep chopping? | sizjarqalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep chopping? | alajarqalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjarqalay turamaI am in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay turasayou are in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay turadıhe is in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay turabızwe are in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay turasızyou all are in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay turadılathey are in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjarqalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjarqalay turamamı? jarqalay turamıma?am I in the middle of chopping? | senjarqalay turamısa?are you in the middle of chopping? | oljarqalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of chopping? | bizjarqalay turabızmı? jarqalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of chopping? | sizjarqalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of chopping? | alajarqalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjarqalay turmaymamı? jarqalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chopping? | senjarqalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chopping? | oljarqalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chopping? | bizjarqalay turmaybızmı? jarqalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chopping? | sizjarqalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chopping? | alajarqalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chopping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjarqaladımI chopped | senjarqaladıŋyou chopped | oljarqaladıhe chopped | bizjarqaladıqwe chopped | sizjarqaladığızyou all chopped | alajarqaladılathey chopped |
| Simple past (definite) | menjarqalamadımI didn't chop | senjarqalamadıŋyou didn't chop | oljarqalamadıhe didn't chop | bizjarqalamadıqwe didn't chop | sizjarqalamadığızyou all didn't chop | alajarqalamadılathey didn't chop |
| Simple past (definite) | menjarqaladımmı?did I chop? | senjarqaladıŋmı?did you chop? | oljarqaladımı?did he chop? | bizjarqaladıqmı?did we chop? | sizjarqaladığızmı?did you all chop? | alajarqaladılamı?did they chop? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjarqalamadımmı?didn't I chop? | senjarqalamadıŋmı?didn't you chop? | oljarqalamadımı?didn't he chop? | bizjarqalamadıqmı?didn't we chop? | sizjarqalamadığızmı?didn't you all chop? | alajarqalamadılamı?didn't they chop? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjarqalağanmaI have chopped | senjarqalağansayou have chopped | oljarqalağandıhe has chopped | bizjarqalağanbızwe have chopped | sizjarqalağansızyou all have chopped | alajarqalağandılathey have chopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjarqalamağanmaI haven't chopped | senjarqalamağansayou haven't chopped | oljarqalamağandıhe hasn't chopped | bizjarqalamağanbızwe haven't chopped | sizjarqalamağansızyou all haven't chopped | alajarqalamağandılathey haven't chopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjarqalağanmamı? jarqalağanmıma?have I chopped? | senjarqalağanmısa?have you chopped? | oljarqalağanmıdı?has he chopped? | bizjarqalağanbızmı? jarqalağanmıbız?have we chopped? | sizjarqalağanmısız?have you all chopped? | alajarqalağanmıdıla?have they chopped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjarqalamağanmamı? jarqalamağanmıma?haven't I chopped? | senjarqalamağanmısa?haven't you chopped? | oljarqalamağanmıdı?hasn't he chopped? | bizjarqalamağanbızmı? jarqalamağanmıbız?haven't we chopped? | sizjarqalamağanmısız?haven't you all chopped? | alajarqalamağanmıdıla?haven't they chopped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjarqalab turdumI kept chopping | senjarqalab turduŋyou kept chopping | oljarqalab turduhe kept chopping | bizjarqalab turduqwe kept chopping | sizjarqalab turduğuzyou all kept chopping | alajarqalab turdulathey kept chopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjarqalab turmadımI didn't keep chopping | senjarqalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep chopping | oljarqalab turmadıhe didn't keep chopping | bizjarqalab turmadıqwe didn't keep chopping | sizjarqalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep chopping | alajarqalab turmadılathey didn't keep chopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjarqalarmaI will chop | senjarqalarsayou will chop | oljarqalarhe will chop | bizjarqalarbızwe will chop | sizjarqalarsızyou all will chop | alajarqalarlathey will chop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjarqalamazmaI won't chop | senjarqalamazsayou won't chop | oljarqalamazhe won't chop | bizjarqalamazbızwe won't chop | sizjarqalamazsızyou all won't chop | alajarqalamazlathey won't chop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjarqalarmamı? jarqalarmıma?will I chop? | senjarqalarmısa?will you chop? | oljarqalarmı?will he chop? | bizjarqalarbızmı? jarqalarmıbız?will we chop? | sizjarqalarmısız?will you all chop? | alajarqalarlamı? jarqalarmıla?will they chop? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjarqalamazmamı? jarqalamazmıma?won't I chop? | senjarqalamazmısa?won't you chop? | oljarqalamazmı?won't he chop? | bizjarqalamazbızmı? jarqalamazmıbız?won't we chop? | sizjarqalamazmısız?won't you all chop? | alajarqalamazlamı? jarqalamazmıla?won't they chop? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjarqalarıqmaI am going to chop | senjarqalarıqsayou are going to chop | oljarqalarıqdıhe is going to chop | bizjarqalarıqbızwe are going to chop | sizjarqalarıqsızyou all are going to chop | alajarqalarıqdılathey are going to chop |
| Definite future (future II) | menjarqalarıq tülmeI am not going to chop | senjarqalarıq tülseyou are not going to chop | oljarqalarıq tüldühe is not going to chop | bizjarqalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to chop | sizjarqalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to chop | alajarqalarıq tüldülethey are not going to chop |
| Definite future (future II) | menjarqalarıqmamı? jarqalarıqmıma?am I going to chop? | senjarqalarıqmısa?are you going to chop? | oljarqalarıqmıdı?is he going to chop? | bizjarqalarıqbızmı? jarqalarıqmıbız?are we going to chop? | sizjarqalarıqmısız?are you all going to chop? | alajarqalarıqmıdıla?are they going to chop? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjarqalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to chop? | senjarqalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to chop? | oljarqalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to chop? | bizjarqalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to chop? | sizjarqalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chop? | alajarqalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chop? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjarqalağan edimjarqalağanemI had chopped | senjarqalağan ediŋjarqalağaneŋyou had chopped | oljarqalağan edijarqalağanedhe had chopped | bizjarqalağan edikjarqalağanekwe had chopped | sizjarqalağan edigizjarqalağanegizyou all had chopped | alajarqalağan edilejarqalağanellethey had chopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjarqalamağan edimjarqalamağanemI hadn't chopped | senjarqalamağan ediŋjarqalamağaneŋyou hadn't chopped | oljarqalamağan edijarqalamağanedhe hadn't chopped | bizjarqalamağan edikjarqalamağanekwe hadn't chopped | sizjarqalamağan edigizjarqalamağanegizyou all hadn't chopped | alajarqalamağan edilejarqalamağanellethey hadn't chopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjarqalay edimjarqalayemI was chopping | senjarqalay ediŋjarqalayeŋyou were chopping | oljarqalay edijarqalayedhe was chopping | bizjarqalay edikjarqalayekwe were chopping | sizjarqalay edigizjarqalayegizyou all were chopping | alajarqalay edilejarqalayellethey were chopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjarqalamay edimjarqalamayemI wasn't chopping | senjarqalamay ediŋjarqalamayeŋyou weren't chopping | oljarqalamay edijarqalamayedhe wasn't chopping | bizjarqalamay edikjarqalamayekwe weren't chopping | sizjarqalamay edigizjarqalamayegizyou all weren't chopping | alajarqalamay edilejarqalamayellethey weren't chopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjarqalawçan edimjarqalawçanemI used to chop | senjarqalawçan ediŋjarqalawçaneŋyou used to chop | oljarqalawçan edijarqalawçanedhe used to chop | bizjarqalawçan edikjarqalawçanekwe used to chop | sizjarqalawçan edigizjarqalawçanegizyou all used to chop | alajarqalawçan edilejarqalawçanellethey used to chop |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjarqalamawçan edimjarqalamawçanemI didn't use to chop | senjarqalamawçan ediŋjarqalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to chop | oljarqalamawçan edijarqalamawçanedhe didn't use to chop | bizjarqalamawçan edikjarqalamawçanekwe didn't use to chop | sizjarqalamawçan edigizjarqalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to chop | alajarqalamawçan edilejarqalamawçanellethey didn't use to chop |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljarqalab edihe had chopped and remained so | alajarqalab edilethey had chopped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljarqalab tül edihe hadn't chopped | alajarqalab tül edilethey hadn't chopped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjarqalab tura edimjarqalab turaemI had kept chopping | senjarqalab tura ediŋjarqalab turaeŋyou had kept chopping | oljarqalab tura edijarqalab turaedhe had kept chopping | bizjarqalab tura edikjarqalab turaekwe had kept chopping | sizjarqalab tura edigizjarqalab turaegizyou all had kept chopping | alajarqalab tura edilejarqalab turaellethey had kept chopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjarqalab turmay edimjarqalab turmayemI hadn't kept chopping | senjarqalab turmay ediŋjarqalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chopping | oljarqalab turmay edijarqalab turmayedhe hadn't kept chopping | bizjarqalab turmay edikjarqalab turmayekwe hadn't kept chopping | sizjarqalab turmay edigizjarqalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chopping | alajarqalab turmay edilejarqalab turmayellethey hadn't kept chopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjarqalay tura edimjarqalay turaemI was in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay tura ediŋjarqalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay tura edijarqalay turaedhe was in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay tura edikjarqalay turaekwe were in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay tura edigizjarqalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay tura edilejarqalay turaellethey were in the middle of chopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjarqalay turmay edimjarqalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay turmay ediŋjarqalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay turmay edijarqalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay turmay edikjarqalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay turmay edigizjarqalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay turmay edilejarqalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjarqalar edimjarqalar emI would chop | senjarqalar ediŋjarqalar eŋyou would chop | oljarqalar edijarqalar edhe would chop | bizjarqalar edikjarqalar ekwe would chop | sizjarqalar edigizjarqalar egizyou all would chop | alajarqalar edilejarqalar ellethey would chop |
| Conditional result (would) | menjarqalamaz edimjarqalamaz emI wouldn't chop | senjarqalamaz ediŋjarqalamaz eŋyou wouldn't chop | oljarqalamaz edijarqalamaz edhe wouldn't chop | bizjarqalamaz edikjarqalamaz ekwe wouldn't chop | sizjarqalamaz edigizjarqalamaz egizyou all wouldn't chop | alajarqalamaz edilejarqalamaz ellethey wouldn't chop |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjarqalarıq edimjarqalarıq emI would have chopped | senjarqalarıq ediŋjarqalarıq eŋyou would have chopped | oljarqalarıq edijarqalarıq edhe would have chopped | bizjarqalarıq edikjarqalarıq ekwe would have chopped | sizjarqalarıq edigizjarqalarıq egizyou all would have chopped | alajarqalarıq edilejarqalarıq ellethey would have chopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjarqalarıq tül edimjarqalarıq tül emI wouldn't have chopped | senjarqalarıq tül ediŋjarqalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have chopped | oljarqalarıq tül edijarqalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have chopped | bizjarqalarıq tül edikjarqalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have chopped | sizjarqalarıq tül edigizjarqalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have chopped | alajarqalarıq tül edilejarqalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have chopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjarqalasamif I chop | senjarqalasaŋif you chop | oljarqalasaif he chops | bizjarqalasaqif we chop | sizjarqalasağızif you all chop | alajarqalasalaif they chop |
| Conditional | menjarqalamasamif I don't chop | senjarqalamasaŋif you don't chop | oljarqalamasaif he doesn't chop | bizjarqalamasaqif we don't chop | sizjarqalamasağızif you all don't chop | alajarqalamasalaif they don't chop |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjarqalay esemif I am chopping | senjarqalay eseŋif you are chopping | oljarqalay eseif he is chopping | bizjarqalay esekif we are chopping | sizjarqalay esegizif you all are chopping | alajarqalay eseleif they are chopping |
| Conditional, present real | menjarqalamay esemif I am not chopping | senjarqalamay eseŋif you are not chopping | oljarqalamay eseif he is not chopping | bizjarqalamay esekif we are not chopping | sizjarqalamay esegizif you all are not chopping | alajarqalamay eseleif they are not chopping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjarqalasam edijarqalasam edif only I chopped | senjarqalasaŋ edijarqalasaŋ edif only you chopped | oljarqalasa edijarqalasaedif only he chopped | bizjarqalasaq edijarqalasaq edif only we chopped | sizjarqalasağız edijarqalasağız edif only you all chopped | alajarqalasala edijarqalasalaedif only they chopped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjarqalamasam edijarqalamasam edif only I didn't chop | senjarqalamasaŋ edijarqalamasaŋ edif only you didn't chop | oljarqalamasa edijarqalamasaedif only he didn't chop | bizjarqalamasaq edijarqalamasaq edif only we didn't chop | sizjarqalamasağız edijarqalamasağız edif only you all didn't chop | alajarqalamasala edijarqalamasalaedif only they didn't chop |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjarqalab tursamif I carry on chopping | senjarqalab tursaŋif you carry on chopping | oljarqalab tursaif he carries on chopping | bizjarqalab tursaqif we carry on chopping | sizjarqalab tursağızif you all carry on chopping | alajarqalab tursalaif they carry on chopping |
| Durative conditional | menjarqalab turmasamif I don't carry on chopping | senjarqalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on chopping | oljarqalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on chopping | bizjarqalab turmasaqif we don't carry on chopping | sizjarqalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on chopping | alajarqalab turmasalaif they don't carry on chopping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjarqalab tura esemif I have kept chopping | senjarqalab tura eseŋif you have kept chopping | oljarqalab tura eseif he has kept chopping | bizjarqalab tura esekif we have kept chopping | sizjarqalab tura esegizif you all have kept chopping | alajarqalab tura eseleif they have kept chopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjarqalab turmay esemif I haven't kept chopping | senjarqalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chopping | oljarqalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept chopping | bizjarqalab turmay esekif we haven't kept chopping | sizjarqalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chopping | alajarqalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept chopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjarqalay tursamif I keep chopping | senjarqalay tursaŋif you keep chopping | oljarqalay tursaif he keeps chopping | bizjarqalay tursaqif we keep chopping | sizjarqalay tursağızif you all keep chopping | alajarqalay tursalaif they keep chopping |
| Progressive conditional | menjarqalamay tursamif I keep on not chopping | senjarqalamay tursaŋif you keep on not chopping | oljarqalamay tursaif he keeps on not chopping | bizjarqalamay tursaqif we keep on not chopping | sizjarqalamay tursağızif you all keep on not chopping | alajarqalamay tursalaif they keep on not chopping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjarqalay tura esemif I am in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay tura eseif he is in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay tura esekif we are in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjarqalamay tura esemif I keep on not chopping | senjarqalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not chopping | oljarqalamay tura eseif he keeps on not chopping | bizjarqalamay tura esekif we keep on not chopping | sizjarqalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not chopping | alajarqalamay tura eseleif they keep on not chopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjarqaladım esemif I chopped | senjarqaladıŋ eseŋif you chopped | oljarqaladı eseif he chopped | bizjarqaladıq esekif we chopped | sizjarqaladığız esegizif you all chopped | alajarqaladıla eseleif they chopped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjarqalamadım esemif I didn't chop | senjarqalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't chop | oljarqalamadı eseif he didn't chop | bizjarqalamadıq esekif we didn't chop | sizjarqalamadığız esegizif you all didn't chop | alajarqalamadıla eseleif they didn't chop |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjarqalağan esemif I did chop (indeed) | senjarqalağan eseŋif you did chop (indeed) | oljarqalağan eseif he did chop (indeed) | bizjarqalağan esekif we did chop (indeed) | sizjarqalağan esegizif you all did chop (indeed) | alajarqalağan eseleif they did chop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjarqalamağan esemif I didn't chop (indeed) | senjarqalamağan eseŋif you didn't chop (indeed) | oljarqalamağan eseif he didn't chop (indeed) | bizjarqalamağan esekif we didn't chop (indeed) | sizjarqalamağan esegizif you all didn't chop (indeed) | alajarqalamağan eseleif they didn't chop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjarqalağan bolsamif I had chopped | senjarqalağan bolsaŋif you had chopped | oljarqalağan bolsaif he had chopped | bizjarqalağan bolsaqif we had chopped | sizjarqalağan bolsağızif you all had chopped | alajarqalağan bolsalaif they had chopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjarqalamağan bolsamif I hadn't chopped | senjarqalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't chopped | oljarqalamağan bolsaif he hadn't chopped | bizjarqalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't chopped | sizjarqalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't chopped | alajarqalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't chopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjarqalağan bolsam edijarqalağan bolsam edif only I had chopped | senjarqalağan bolsaŋ edijarqalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had chopped | oljarqalağan bolsa edijarqalağan bolsaedif only he had chopped | bizjarqalağan bolsaq edijarqalağan bolsaq edif only we had chopped | sizjarqalağan bolsağız edijarqalağan bolsağız edif only you all had chopped | alajarqalağan bolsala edijarqalağan bolsalaedif only they had chopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjarqalamağan bolsam edijarqalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't chopped | senjarqalamağan bolsaŋ edijarqalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chopped | oljarqalamağan bolsa edijarqalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't chopped | bizjarqalamağan bolsaq edijarqalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't chopped | sizjarqalamağan bolsağız edijarqalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chopped | alajarqalamağan bolsala edijarqalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't chopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjarqalar esemif I will chop | senjarqalar eseŋif you will chop | oljarqalar eseif he will chop | bizjarqalar esekif we will chop | sizjarqalar esegizif you all will chop | alajarqalar eseleif they will chop |
| Conditional, aorist | menjarqalamaz esemif I won't chop | senjarqalamaz eseŋif you won't chop | oljarqalamaz eseif he won't chop | bizjarqalamaz esekif we won't chop | sizjarqalamaz esegizif you all won't chop | alajarqalamaz eseleif they won't chop |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjarqalarıq esemif I am going to chop | senjarqalarıq eseŋif you are going to chop | oljarqalarıq eseif he is going to chop | bizjarqalarıq esekif we are going to chop | sizjarqalarıq esegizif you all are going to chop | alajarqalarıq eseleif they are going to chop |
| Conditional, future | menjarqalarıq tül esemif I am not going to chop | senjarqalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to chop | oljarqalarıq tül eseif he is not going to chop | bizjarqalarıq tül esekif we are not going to chop | sizjarqalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to chop | alajarqalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to chop |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjarqalarıq bolsamif I were going to chop | senjarqalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to chop | oljarqalarıq bolsaif he were going to chop | bizjarqalarıq bolsaqif we were going to chop | sizjarqalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to chop | alajarqalarıq bolsalaif they were going to chop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjarqalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to chop | senjarqalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to chop | oljarqalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to chop | bizjarqalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to chop | sizjarqalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to chop | alajarqalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to chop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jarqaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjarqalay bolurmaI must be chopping | senjarqalay bolursayou must be chopping | oljarqalay bolurhe must be chopping | bizjarqalay bolurbuzwe must be chopping | sizjarqalay bolursuzyou all must be chopping | alajarqalay bolurlathey must be chopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjarqalamay bolurmaI must not be chopping | senjarqalamay bolursayou must not be chopping | oljarqalamay bolurhe must not be chopping | bizjarqalamay bolurbuzwe must not be chopping | sizjarqalamay bolursuzyou all must not be chopping | alajarqalamay bolurlathey must not be chopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjarqalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjarqalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not chopping | senjarqalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not chopping | oljarqalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not chopping | bizjarqalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chopping | sizjarqalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chopping | alajarqalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not chopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjarqalağan bolurmaI must have chopped | senjarqalağan bolursayou must have chopped | oljarqalağan bolurhe must have chopped | bizjarqalağan bolurbuzwe must have chopped | sizjarqalağan bolursuzyou all must have chopped | alajarqalağan bolurlathey must have chopped |
| Inference (must have) | menjarqalamağan bolurmaI must not have chopped | senjarqalamağan bolursayou must not have chopped | oljarqalamağan bolurhe must not have chopped | bizjarqalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have chopped | sizjarqalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have chopped | alajarqalamağan bolurlathey must not have chopped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjarqalarıq bolurmaI must be going to chop | senjarqalarıq bolursayou must be going to chop | oljarqalarıq bolurhe must be going to chop | bizjarqalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to chop | sizjarqalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to chop | alajarqalarıq bolurlathey must be going to chop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjarqalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to chop | senjarqalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to chop | oljarqalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to chop | bizjarqalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to chop | sizjarqalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to chop | alajarqalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to chop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjarqalayımlet me chop | senjarqala!chop! | oljarqalasınlet him chop | bizjarqalayıqlet's chop | sizjarqalağız!chop, you all! | alajarqalasınlalet them chop |
| Commands & suggestions | menjarqalamayımlet me not chop | senjarqalama!don't chop! | oljarqalamasınlet him not chop | bizjarqalamayıqlet's not chop | sizjarqalamağız!don't chop, you all! | alajarqalamasınlalet them not chop |
| Commands & suggestions | menjarqalayımmı?shall I chop? | oljarqalasınmı?should he chop? | bizjarqalayıqmı?shall we chop? | alajarqalasınlamı?should they chop? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjarqalamayımmı?shall I not chop? | oljarqalamasınmı?should he not chop? | bizjarqalamayıqmı?shall we not chop? | alajarqalamasınlamı?should they not chop? | ||
| Requests | senjarqalaçı2jarqalaçınplease chop | oljarqalasınçıdo let him chop | sizjarqalaçığızplease chop (plural/polite) | alajarqalasınlaçıdo let them chop | ||
| Requests | senjarqalamaçı2jarqalamaçınplease don't chop | oljarqalamasınçıdo let him not chop | sizjarqalamaçığızplease don't chop (plural/polite) | alajarqalamasınlaçıdo let them not chop | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjarqalağınjarqalağımay you chop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjarqalamağınjarqalamağımay you not chop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjarqalağay edim jarqalağa edimwould that I chopped | senjarqalağay ediŋ jarqalağa ediŋwould that you chopped | oljarqalağay edi jarqalağa ediwould that he chopped | bizjarqalağay edik jarqalağa edikwould that we chopped | sizjarqalağay edigiz jarqalağa edigizwould that you all chopped | alajarqalağay edile jarqalağa edilewould that they chopped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjarqalamağay edim jarqalamağa edimwould that I did not chop | senjarqalamağay ediŋ jarqalamağa ediŋwould that you did not chop | oljarqalamağay edi jarqalamağa ediwould that he did not chop | bizjarqalamağay edik jarqalamağa edikwould that we did not chop | sizjarqalamağay edigiz jarqalamağa edigizwould that you all did not chop | alajarqalamağay edile jarqalamağa edilewould that they did not chop |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjarqalamağa qoyayımjarqalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoy!jarqalama qoy!let someone chop! | oljarqalamağa qoysunjarqalama qoysunlet him allow someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoyayıqjarqalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoyuğuz!jarqalama qoyuğuz!let someone chop, you all! | alajarqalamağa qoysunlajarqalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjarqalamağa qoymayımjarqalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoyma!jarqalama qoyma!don't let someone chop! | oljarqalamağa qoymasınjarqalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoymayıqjarqalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoymağız!jarqalama qoymağız!don't let someone chop, you all! | alajarqalamağa qoymasınlajarqalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjarqalamağa qoyayımmı?jarqalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoysunmu?jarqalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoyayıqmı?jarqalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoysunlamı?jarqalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chop? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjarqalamağa qoymayımmı?jarqalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoymasınmı?jarqalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoymayıqmı?jarqalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoymasınlamı?jarqalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chop? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjarqalamağa qoyamajarqalama qoyamaI allow someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoyasajarqalama qoyasayou allow someone to chop | oljarqalamağa qoyadıjarqalama qoyadıhe allows someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoyabızjarqalama qoyabızwe allow someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoyasızjarqalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to chop | alajarqalamağa qoyadılajarqalama qoyadılathey allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (present) | menjarqalamağa qoymaymajarqalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoymaysajarqalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chop | oljarqalamağa qoymaydıjarqalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoymaybızjarqalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoymaysızjarqalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chop | alajarqalamağa qoymaydılajarqalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (present) | menjarqalamağa qoyamamı?jarqalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chop? | senjarqalamağa qoyamısa?jarqalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoyamıdı?jarqalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoyabızmı?jarqalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chop? | sizjarqalamağa qoyamısız?jarqalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoyamıdıla?jarqalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjarqalamağa qoymaymamı?jarqalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chop? | senjarqalamağa qoymaymısa?jarqalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoymaymıdı?jarqalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoymaybızmı?jarqalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chop? | sizjarqalamağa qoymaymısız?jarqalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoymaymıdıla?jarqalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjarqalamağa qoydumjarqalama qoydumI allowed someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoyduŋjarqalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chop | oljarqalamağa qoydujarqalama qoyduhe allowed someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoyduqjarqalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoyduğuzjarqalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chop | alajarqalamağa qoydulajarqalama qoydulathey allowed someone to chop |
| Let someone… (past) | menjarqalamağa qoymadımjarqalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chop | senjarqalamağa qoymadıŋjarqalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chop | oljarqalamağa qoymadıjarqalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chop | bizjarqalamağa qoymadıqjarqalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chop | sizjarqalamağa qoymadığızjarqalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chop | alajarqalamağa qoymadılajarqalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (past) | menjarqalamağa qoydummu?jarqalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to chop? | senjarqalamağa qoyduŋmu?jarqalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoydumu?jarqalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoyduqmu?jarqalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chop? | sizjarqalamağa qoyduğuzmu?jarqalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoydulamı?jarqalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjarqalamağa qoymadımmı?jarqalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chop? | senjarqalamağa qoymadıŋmı?jarqalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chop? | oljarqalamağa qoymadımı?jarqalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chop? | bizjarqalamağa qoymadıqmı?jarqalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chop? | sizjarqalamağa qoymadığızmı?jarqalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chop? | alajarqalamağa qoymadılamı?jarqalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chop? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjarqalayalamaI can chop | senjarqalayalasayou can chop | oljarqalayaladıhe can chop | bizjarqalayalabızwe can chop | sizjarqalayalasızyou all can chop | alajarqalayaladılathey can chop |
| Ability — present | menjarqalayalmaymaI can't chop | senjarqalayalmaysayou can't chop | oljarqalayalmaydıhe can't chop | bizjarqalayalmaybızwe can't chop | sizjarqalayalmaysızyou all can't chop | alajarqalayalmaydılathey can't chop |
| Ability — present | menjarqalayalamamı? jarqalayalamıma?can I chop? | senjarqalayalamısa?can you chop? | oljarqalayalamıdı?can he chop? | bizjarqalayalabızmı? jarqalayalamıbız?can we chop? | sizjarqalayalamısız?can you all chop? | alajarqalayalamıdıla?can they chop? |
| Ability — present | menjarqalayalmaymamı? jarqalayalmaymıma?can't I chop? | senjarqalayalmaymısa?can't you chop? | oljarqalayalmaymıdı?can't he chop? | bizjarqalayalmaybızmı? jarqalayalmaymıbız?can't we chop? | sizjarqalayalmaymısız?can't you all chop? | alajarqalayalmaymıdıla?can't they chop? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjarqalayalsamif I can chop | senjarqalayalsaŋif you can chop | oljarqalayalsaif he can chop | bizjarqalayalsaqif we can chop | sizjarqalayalsağızif you all can chop | alajarqalayalsalaif they can chop |
| Ability — if I can… | menjarqalayalmasamif I can't chop | senjarqalayalmasaŋif you can't chop | oljarqalayalmasaif he can't chop | bizjarqalayalmasaqif we can't chop | sizjarqalayalmasağızif you all can't chop | alajarqalayalmasalaif they can't chop |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjarqalayaldımI was able to chop | senjarqalayaldıŋyou were able to chop | oljarqalayaldıhe was able to chop | bizjarqalayaldıqwe were able to chop | sizjarqalayaldığızyou all were able to chop | alajarqalayaldılathey were able to chop |
| Ability — simple past | menjarqalayalmadımI could not chop | senjarqalayalmadıŋyou could not chop | oljarqalayalmadıhe could not chop | bizjarqalayalmadıqwe could not chop | sizjarqalayalmadığızyou all could not chop | alajarqalayalmadılathey could not chop |
| Ability — simple past | menjarqalayaldımmı?was I able to chop? | senjarqalayaldıŋmı?were you able to chop? | oljarqalayaldımı?was he able to chop? | bizjarqalayaldıqmı?were we able to chop? | sizjarqalayaldığızmı?were you all able to chop? | alajarqalayaldılamı?were they able to chop? |
| Ability — simple past | menjarqalayalmadımmı?couldn't I chop? | senjarqalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chop? | oljarqalayalmadımı?couldn't he chop? | bizjarqalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we chop? | sizjarqalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chop? | alajarqalayalmadılamı?couldn't they chop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjarqalayalğanmaI have been able to chop | senjarqalayalğansayou have been able to chop | oljarqalayalğandıhe has been able to chop | bizjarqalayalğanbızwe have been able to chop | sizjarqalayalğansızyou all have been able to chop | alajarqalayalğandılathey have been able to chop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjarqalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to chop | senjarqalayalmağansayou haven't been able to chop | oljarqalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chop | bizjarqalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chop | sizjarqalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chop | alajarqalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to chop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjarqalayalğanmamı? jarqalayalğanmıma?have I been able to chop? | senjarqalayalğanmısa?have you been able to chop? | oljarqalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to chop? | bizjarqalayalğanbızmı? jarqalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to chop? | sizjarqalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to chop? | alajarqalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjarqalayalmağanmamı? jarqalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chop? | senjarqalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chop? | oljarqalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chop? | bizjarqalayalmağanbızmı? jarqalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chop? | sizjarqalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chop? | alajarqalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chop? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjarqalayalğan edimjarqalayalğanemI had been able to chop | senjarqalayalğan ediŋjarqalayalğaneŋyou had been able to chop | oljarqalayalğan edijarqalayalğanedhe had been able to chop | bizjarqalayalğan edikjarqalayalğanekwe had been able to chop | sizjarqalayalğan edigizjarqalayalğanegizyou all had been able to chop | alajarqalayalğan edilejarqalayalğanellethey had been able to chop |
| Ability — past perfect | menjarqalayalmağan edimjarqalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to chop | senjarqalayalmağan ediŋjarqalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chop | oljarqalayalmağan edijarqalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chop | bizjarqalayalmağan edikjarqalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chop | sizjarqalayalmağan edigizjarqalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chop | alajarqalayalmağan edilejarqalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chop |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjarqalayala edimjarqalayalaemI could chop | senjarqalayala ediŋjarqalayalaeŋyou could chop | oljarqalayala edijarqalayalaedhe could chop | bizjarqalayala edikjarqalayalaekwe could chop | sizjarqalayala edigizjarqalayalaegizyou all could chop | alajarqalayala edilejarqalayalaellethey could chop |
| Ability — past background | menjarqalayalmay edimjarqalayalmayemI could not chop | senjarqalayalmay ediŋjarqalayalmayeŋyou could not chop | oljarqalayalmay edijarqalayalmayedhe could not chop | bizjarqalayalmay edikjarqalayalmayekwe could not chop | sizjarqalayalmay edigizjarqalayalmayegizyou all could not chop | alajarqalayalmay edilejarqalayalmayellethey could not chop |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjarqalayalırmaI will be able to chop | senjarqalayalırsayou will be able to chop | oljarqalayalırhe will be able to chop | bizjarqalayalırbızwe will be able to chop | sizjarqalayalırsızyou all will be able to chop | alajarqalayalırlathey will be able to chop |
| Ability — future I | menjarqalayalmazmaI won't be able to chop | senjarqalayalmazsayou won't be able to chop | oljarqalayalmazhe won't be able to chop | bizjarqalayalmazbızwe won't be able to chop | sizjarqalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to chop | alajarqalayalmazlathey won't be able to chop |
| Ability — future I | menjarqalayalırmamı? jarqalayalırmıma?will I be able to chop? | senjarqalayalırmısa?will you be able to chop? | oljarqalayalırmı?will he be able to chop? | bizjarqalayalırbızmı? jarqalayalırmıbız?will we be able to chop? | sizjarqalayalırmısız?will you all be able to chop? | alajarqalayalırlamı? jarqalayalırmıla?will they be able to chop? |
| Ability — future I | menjarqalayalmazmamı? jarqalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to chop? | senjarqalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to chop? | oljarqalayalmazmı?won't he be able to chop? | bizjarqalayalmazbızmı? jarqalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chop? | sizjarqalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chop? | alajarqalayalmazlamı? jarqalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to chop? |
| Ability — future II | menjarqalayallıqmaI am going to be able to chop | senjarqalayallıqsayou are going to be able to chop | oljarqalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to chop | bizjarqalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to chop | sizjarqalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chop | alajarqalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to chop |
| Ability — future II | menjarqalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chop | senjarqalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chop | oljarqalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chop | bizjarqalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chop | sizjarqalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chop | alajarqalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chop |
| Ability — future II | menjarqalayallıqmamı? jarqalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chop? | senjarqalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chop? | oljarqalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chop? | bizjarqalayallıqbızmı? jarqalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chop? | sizjarqalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chop? | alajarqalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chop? |
| Ability — future II | menjarqalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chop? | senjarqalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chop? | oljarqalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chop? | bizjarqalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chop? | sizjarqalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chop? | alajarqalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chop? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjarqalayalır edimjarqalayalır emI would be able to chop | senjarqalayalır ediŋjarqalayalır eŋyou would be able to chop | oljarqalayalır edijarqalayalır edhe would be able to chop | bizjarqalayalır edikjarqalayalır ekwe would be able to chop | sizjarqalayalır edigizjarqalayalır egizyou all would be able to chop | alajarqalayalır edilejarqalayalır ellethey would be able to chop |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjarqalayalmaz edimjarqalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chop | senjarqalayalmaz ediŋjarqalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chop | oljarqalayalmaz edijarqalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chop | bizjarqalayalmaz edikjarqalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chop | sizjarqalayalmaz edigizjarqalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chop | alajarqalayalmaz edilejarqalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chop |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjarqalayalğınjarqalayalğımay you be able to chop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjarqalayalmağınjarqalayalmağımay you not be able to chop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjarqalarğa izleymeI want to chop | senjarqalarğa izleyseyou want to chop | oljarqalarğa izleydihe wants to chop | bizjarqalarğa izleybizwe want to chop | sizjarqalarğa izleysizyou all want to chop | alajarqalarğa izleydilethey want to chop |
| want to | menjarqalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to chop | senjarqalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to chop | oljarqalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to chop | bizjarqalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to chop | sizjarqalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to chop | alajarqalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to chop |
| would like to | menjarqalarğa süemeI would like to chop | senjarqalarğa süeseyou would like to chop | oljarqalarğa süedihe would like to chop | bizjarqalarğa süebizwe would like to chop | sizjarqalarğa süesizyou all would like to chop | alajarqalarğa süedilethey would like to chop |
| would like to | menjarqalarğa süymeymeI would not like to chop | senjarqalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to chop | oljarqalarğa süymeydihe would not like to chop | bizjarqalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to chop | sizjarqalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to chop | alajarqalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to chop |
| hope to | menjarqalarğa umutlanamaI hope to chop | senjarqalarğa umutlanasayou hope to chop | oljarqalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to chop | bizjarqalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to chop | sizjarqalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to chop | alajarqalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to chop |
| hope to | menjarqalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chop | senjarqalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chop | oljarqalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chop | bizjarqalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chop | sizjarqalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chop | alajarqalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chop |
| be about to | menjarqalarğa deb turamaI am about to chop | senjarqalarğa deb turasayou are about to chop | oljarqalarğa deb turadıhe is about to chop | bizjarqalarğa deb turabızwe are about to chop | sizjarqalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to chop | alajarqalarğa deb turadılathey are about to chop |
| be about to | menjarqalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to chop | senjarqalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to chop | oljarqalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to chop | bizjarqalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to chop | sizjarqalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chop | alajarqalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to chop |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjarqalarğa kerekmeI need to chop | senjarqalarğa kerekseyou need to chop | oljarqalarğa kerekdihe needs to chop | bizjarqalarğa kerekbizwe need to chop | sizjarqalarğa kereksizyou all need to chop | alajarqalarğa kerekdilethey need to chop |
| need to | menjarqalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to chop | senjarqalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to chop | oljarqalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to chop | bizjarqalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chop | sizjarqalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chop | alajarqalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to chop |
| have to | menmenŋe jarqalarğa tüşediI have to chop | sensenŋe jarqalarğa tüşediyou have to chop | olaŋa jarqalarğa tüşedihe has to chop | bizbizge jarqalarğa tüşediwe have to chop | sizsizge jarqalarğa tüşediyou all have to chop | alaalağa jarqalarğa tüşedithey have to chop |
| have to | menmenŋe jarqalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to chop | sensenŋe jarqalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to chop | olaŋa jarqalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to chop | bizbizge jarqalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to chop | sizsizge jarqalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chop | alaalağa jarqalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to chop |
| be obliged to | menjarqalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to chop | senjarqalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to chop | oljarqalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to chop | bizjarqalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to chop | sizjarqalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chop | alajarqalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to chop |
| be obliged to | menjarqalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chop | senjarqalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chop | oljarqalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chop | bizjarqalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chop | sizjarqalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chop | alajarqalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chop |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjarqalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to chop | senjarqalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chop | oljarqalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to chop | bizjarqalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chop | sizjarqalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chop | alajarqalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to chop |
| have a way to | menjarqalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to chop | senjarqalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chop | oljarqalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to chop | bizjarqalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chop | sizjarqalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chop | alajarqalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to chop |
| be free to | menjarqalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to chop | senjarqalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chop | oljarqalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to chop | bizjarqalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chop | sizjarqalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chop | alajarqalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chop |
| be free to | menjarqalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to chop | senjarqalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chop | oljarqalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chop | bizjarqalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chop | sizjarqalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chop | alajarqalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to chop | sensenŋe jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to chop | olaŋa jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to chop | bizbizge jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to chop | sizsizge jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to chop | alaalağa jarqalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to chop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chop | sensenŋe jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chop | olaŋa jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chop | bizbizge jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chop | sizsizge jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chop | alaalağa jarqalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chop |
| be ready to | menjarqalarğa hazırmaI am ready to chop | senjarqalarğa hazırsayou are ready to chop | oljarqalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to chop | bizjarqalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to chop | sizjarqalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to chop | alajarqalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to chop |
| be ready to | menjarqalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to chop | senjarqalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to chop | oljarqalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to chop | bizjarqalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chop | sizjarqalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chop | alajarqalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chop |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjarqalarğa küreşemeI am trying to chop | senjarqalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to chop | oljarqalarğa küreşedihe is trying to chop | bizjarqalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to chop | sizjarqalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to chop | alajarqalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to chop |
| try to | menjarqalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to chop | senjarqalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chop | oljarqalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to chop | bizjarqalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chop | sizjarqalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chop | alajarqalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chop |
| agree to | menjarqalarğa unaymaI agree to chop | senjarqalarğa unaysayou agree to chop | oljarqalarğa unaydıhe agrees to chop | bizjarqalarğa unaybızwe agree to chop | sizjarqalarğa unaysızyou all agree to chop | alajarqalarğa unaydılathey agree to chop |
| agree to | menjarqalarğa unamaymaI refuse to chop | senjarqalarğa unamaysayou refuse to chop | oljarqalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to chop | bizjarqalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to chop | sizjarqalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to chop | alajarqalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to chop |
| hurry to | menjarqalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to chop | senjarqalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to chop | oljarqalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chop | bizjarqalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chop | sizjarqalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chop | alajarqalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chop |
| hurry to | menjarqalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chop | senjarqalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chop | oljarqalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chop | bizjarqalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chop | sizjarqalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chop | alajarqalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chop |
| be afraid to | menjarqalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to chop | senjarqalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to chop | oljarqalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to chop | bizjarqalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to chop | sizjarqalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to chop | alajarqalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to chop |
| be afraid to | menjarqalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chop | senjarqalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chop | oljarqalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chop | bizjarqalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chop | sizjarqalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chop | alajarqalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chop |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjarqalay bolmazmaI can't be chopping | senjarqalay bolmazsayou can't be chopping | oljarqalay bolmazhe can't be chopping | bizjarqalay bolmazbızwe can't be chopping | sizjarqalay bolmazsızyou all can't be chopping | alajarqalay bolmazlathey can't be chopping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjarqalamay bolmazmaI must be chopping (emphatic) | senjarqalamay bolmazsayou must be chopping (emphatic) | oljarqalamay bolmazhe must be chopping (emphatic) | bizjarqalamay bolmazbızwe must be chopping (emphatic) | sizjarqalamay bolmazsızyou all must be chopping (emphatic) | alajarqalamay bolmazlathey must be chopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjarqalay turmasamif I don't keep chopping | senjarqalay turmasaŋif you don't keep chopping | oljarqalay turmasaif he doesn't keep chopping | bizjarqalay turmasaqif we don't keep chopping | sizjarqalay turmasağızif you all don't keep chopping | alajarqalay turmasalaif they don't keep chopping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjarqalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chopping | senjarqalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chopping | oljarqalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chopping | bizjarqalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chopping | sizjarqalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chopping | alajarqalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chopping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjarqalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | senjarqalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | oljarqalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | bizjarqalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | sizjarqalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | alajarqalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjarqalamay turamaI keep on not chopping | senjarqalamay turasayou keep on not chopping | oljarqalamay turadıhe keeps on not chopping | bizjarqalamay turabızwe keep on not chopping | sizjarqalamay turasızyou all keep on not chopping | alajarqalamay turadılathey keep on not chopping |
| Progressive — double negation | menjarqalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not chopping | senjarqalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not chopping | oljarqalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chopping | bizjarqalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chopping | sizjarqalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chopping | alajarqalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chopping |
| Progressive — double negation | menjarqalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chopping? | senjarqalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chopping? | oljarqalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chopping? | bizjarqalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chopping? | sizjarqalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chopping? | alajarqalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chopping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjarqalağan bolmazmaI can't have chopped | senjarqalağan bolmazsayou can't have chopped | oljarqalağan bolmazhe can't have chopped | bizjarqalağan bolmazbızwe can't have chopped | sizjarqalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have chopped | alajarqalağan bolmazlathey can't have chopped |
| Inference — double negation | menjarqalamağan bolmazmaI must have chopped (emphatic) | senjarqalamağan bolmazsayou must have chopped (emphatic) | oljarqalamağan bolmazhe must have chopped (emphatic) | bizjarqalamağan bolmazbızwe must have chopped (emphatic) | sizjarqalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have chopped (emphatic) | alajarqalamağan bolmazlathey must have chopped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjarqalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had chopped | senjarqalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chopped | oljarqalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had chopped | bizjarqalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chopped | sizjarqalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chopped | alajarqalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chopped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjarqalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chopped | senjarqalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chopped | oljarqalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chopped | bizjarqalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chopped | sizjarqalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chopped | alajarqalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chopped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjarqalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to chop | senjarqalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to chop | oljarqalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to chop | bizjarqalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to chop | sizjarqalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chop | alajarqalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to chop |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjarqalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to chop (emphatic) | senjarqalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to chop (emphatic) | oljarqalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to chop (emphatic) | bizjarqalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to chop (emphatic) | sizjarqalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to chop (emphatic) | alajarqalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to chop (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjarqalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chop | senjarqalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chop | oljarqalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chop | bizjarqalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chop | sizjarqalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chop | alajarqalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chop |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjarqalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chop | senjarqalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chop | oljarqalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chop | bizjarqalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chop | sizjarqalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chop | alajarqalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chop |