jötkürürge
/dʒøtkyryrɡe/
cough one source
- tamağı qurğaqsığandan jötküre-jötküre — coughing and coughing because his throat had gone dry
- bügün köb jötkürdüm — I coughed a lot today
- sabiy keçe bla jötkürdü — the child coughed during the night
- suwuq alıb jötküredi — he has caught a cold and is coughing
- awruğan jötküredi — the sick person is coughing
- jötkürgen kibik ete, tamağın ariwlay — acting as if coughing, clearing his throat
Conjugation
Common forms
- jötküredihe is coughing
- jötkürdühe coughed
- jötkürgendihe has coughed
- jötkürürhe will cough
- jötkürlükdühe is going to cough
- jötküre edihe was coughing
- jötkürseif he coughs
- jötkür!cough!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötküremeI am coughing | senjötküreseyou are coughing | oljötküredihe is coughing | bizjötkürebizwe are coughing | sizjötküresizyou all are coughing | alajötküredilethey are coughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötkürmeymeI am not coughing | senjötkürmeyseyou are not coughing | oljötkürmeydihe is not coughing | bizjötkürmeybizwe are not coughing | sizjötkürmeysizyou all are not coughing | alajötkürmeydilethey are not coughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötkürememi? jötküremime?am I coughing? | senjötküremise?are you coughing? | oljötküremidi?is he coughing? | bizjötkürebizmi? jötküremibiz?are we coughing? | sizjötküremisiz?are you all coughing? | alajötküremidile?are they coughing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjötkürmeymemi? jötkürmeymime?aren't I coughing? | senjötkürmeymise?aren't you coughing? | oljötkürmeymidi?isn't he coughing? | bizjötkürmeybizmi? jötkürmeymibiz?aren't we coughing? | sizjötkürmeymisiz?aren't you all coughing? | alajötkürmeymidile?aren't they coughing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötkürüwçenmeI usually cough | senjötkürüwçenseyou usually cough | oljötkürüwçendihe usually coughs | bizjötkürüwçenbizwe usually cough | sizjötkürüwçensizyou all usually cough | alajötkürüwçendilethey usually cough |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötkürmewçenmeI usually don't cough | senjötkürmewçenseyou usually don't cough | oljötkürmewçendihe usually doesn't cough | bizjötkürmewçenbizwe usually don't cough | sizjötkürmewçensizyou all usually don't cough | alajötkürmewçendilethey usually don't cough |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötkürüwçenmemi? jötkürüwçenmime?do I usually cough? | senjötkürüwçenmise?do you usually cough? | oljötkürüwçenmidi?does he usually cough? | bizjötkürüwçenbizmi? jötkürüwçenmibiz?do we usually cough? | sizjötkürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually cough? | alajötkürüwçenmidile?do they usually cough? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjötkürmewçenmemi? jötkürmewçenmime?do I usually not cough? | senjötkürmewçenmise?do you usually not cough? | oljötkürmewçenmidi?does he usually not cough? | bizjötkürmewçenbizmi? jötkürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not cough? | sizjötkürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not cough? | alajötkürmewçenmidile?do they usually not cough? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljötkürübdühe has coughed and remains so | alajötkürübdülethey have coughed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljötkürübmüdü?has he coughed? | alajötkürübmüdüle?have they coughed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötkürüb turamaI keep coughing | senjötkürüb turasayou keep coughing | oljötkürüb turadıhe keeps coughing | bizjötkürüb turabızwe keep coughing | sizjötkürüb turasızyou all keep coughing | alajötkürüb turadılathey keep coughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötkürüb turmaymaI don't keep coughing | senjötkürüb turmaysayou don't keep coughing | oljötkürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep coughing | bizjötkürüb turmaybızwe don't keep coughing | sizjötkürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep coughing | alajötkürüb turmaydılathey don't keep coughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötkürüb turamamı? jötkürüb turamıma?do I keep coughing? | senjötkürüb turamısa?do you keep coughing? | oljötkürüb turamıdı?does he keep coughing? | bizjötkürüb turabızmı? jötkürüb turamıbız?do we keep coughing? | sizjötkürüb turamısız?do you all keep coughing? | alajötkürüb turamıdıla?do they keep coughing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjötkürüb turmaymamı? jötkürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep coughing? | senjötkürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep coughing? | oljötkürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep coughing? | bizjötkürüb turmaybızmı? jötkürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep coughing? | sizjötkürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep coughing? | alajötkürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep coughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötküre turamaI am in the middle of coughing | senjötküre turasayou are in the middle of coughing | oljötküre turadıhe is in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre turabızwe are in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre turasızyou all are in the middle of coughing | alajötküre turadılathey are in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötküre turmaymaI am not in the middle of coughing | senjötküre turmaysayou are not in the middle of coughing | oljötküre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of coughing | alajötküre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötküre turamamı? jötküre turamıma?am I in the middle of coughing? | senjötküre turamısa?are you in the middle of coughing? | oljötküre turamıdı?is he in the middle of coughing? | bizjötküre turabızmı? jötküre turamıbız?are we in the middle of coughing? | sizjötküre turamısız?are you all in the middle of coughing? | alajötküre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of coughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjötküre turmaymamı? jötküre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of coughing? | senjötküre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of coughing? | oljötküre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of coughing? | bizjötküre turmaybızmı? jötküre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of coughing? | sizjötküre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of coughing? | alajötküre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of coughing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötkürdümI coughed | senjötkürdüŋyou coughed | oljötkürdühe coughed | bizjötkürdükwe coughed | sizjötkürdügüzyou all coughed | alajötkürdülethey coughed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötkürmedimI didn't cough | senjötkürmediŋyou didn't cough | oljötkürmedihe didn't cough | bizjötkürmedikwe didn't cough | sizjötkürmedigizyou all didn't cough | alajötkürmedilethey didn't cough |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötkürdümmü?did I cough? | senjötkürdüŋmü?did you cough? | oljötkürdümü?did he cough? | bizjötkürdükmü?did we cough? | sizjötkürdügüzmü?did you all cough? | alajötkürdülemi?did they cough? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjötkürmedimmi?didn't I cough? | senjötkürmediŋmi?didn't you cough? | oljötkürmedimi?didn't he cough? | bizjötkürmedikmi?didn't we cough? | sizjötkürmedigizmi?didn't you all cough? | alajötkürmedilemi?didn't they cough? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötkürgenmeI have coughed | senjötkürgenseyou have coughed | oljötkürgendihe has coughed | bizjötkürgenbizwe have coughed | sizjötkürgensizyou all have coughed | alajötkürgendilethey have coughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötkürmegenmeI haven't coughed | senjötkürmegenseyou haven't coughed | oljötkürmegendihe hasn't coughed | bizjötkürmegenbizwe haven't coughed | sizjötkürmegensizyou all haven't coughed | alajötkürmegendilethey haven't coughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötkürgenmemi? jötkürgenmime?have I coughed? | senjötkürgenmise?have you coughed? | oljötkürgenmidi?has he coughed? | bizjötkürgenbizmi? jötkürgenmibiz?have we coughed? | sizjötkürgenmisiz?have you all coughed? | alajötkürgenmidile?have they coughed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjötkürmegenmemi? jötkürmegenmime?haven't I coughed? | senjötkürmegenmise?haven't you coughed? | oljötkürmegenmidi?hasn't he coughed? | bizjötkürmegenbizmi? jötkürmegenmibiz?haven't we coughed? | sizjötkürmegenmisiz?haven't you all coughed? | alajötkürmegenmidile?haven't they coughed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjötkürüb turdumI kept coughing | senjötkürüb turduŋyou kept coughing | oljötkürüb turduhe kept coughing | bizjötkürüb turduqwe kept coughing | sizjötkürüb turduğuzyou all kept coughing | alajötkürüb turdulathey kept coughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjötkürüb turmadımI didn't keep coughing | senjötkürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep coughing | oljötkürüb turmadıhe didn't keep coughing | bizjötkürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep coughing | sizjötkürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep coughing | alajötkürüb turmadılathey didn't keep coughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötkürürmeI will cough | senjötkürürseyou will cough | oljötkürürhe will cough | bizjötkürürbüzwe will cough | sizjötkürürsüzyou all will cough | alajötkürürlethey will cough |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötkürmezmeI won't cough | senjötkürmezseyou won't cough | oljötkürmezhe won't cough | bizjötkürmezbizwe won't cough | sizjötkürmezsizyou all won't cough | alajötkürmezlethey won't cough |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötkürürmemi? jötkürürmüme?will I cough? | senjötkürürmüse?will you cough? | oljötkürürmü?will he cough? | bizjötkürürbüzmü? jötkürürmübüz?will we cough? | sizjötkürürmüsüz?will you all cough? | alajötkürürlemi? jötkürürmüle?will they cough? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjötkürmezmemi? jötkürmezmime?won't I cough? | senjötkürmezmise?won't you cough? | oljötkürmezmi?won't he cough? | bizjötkürmezbizmi? jötkürmezmibiz?won't we cough? | sizjötkürmezmisiz?won't you all cough? | alajötkürmezlemi? jötkürmezmile?won't they cough? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötkürlükme1jötkürrükmeI am going to cough | senjötkürlükse1jötkürrükseyou are going to cough | oljötkürlükdü1jötkürrükdühe is going to cough | bizjötkürlükbüz1jötkürrükbüzwe are going to cough | sizjötkürlüksüz1jötkürrüksüzyou all are going to cough | alajötkürlükdüle1jötkürrükdülethey are going to cough |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötkürlük tülme1jötkürrük tülmeI am not going to cough | senjötkürlük tülse1jötkürrük tülseyou are not going to cough | oljötkürlük tüldü1jötkürrük tüldühe is not going to cough | bizjötkürlük tülbüz1jötkürrük tülbüzwe are not going to cough | sizjötkürlük tülsüz1jötkürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to cough | alajötkürlük tüldüle1jötkürrük tüldülethey are not going to cough |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötkürlükmemi?1 jötkürlükmüme?jötkürrükmemi?am I going to cough? | senjötkürlükmüse?1jötkürrükmüse?are you going to cough? | oljötkürlükmüdü?1jötkürrükmüdü?is he going to cough? | bizjötkürlükbüzmü?1 jötkürlükmübüz?jötkürrükbüzmü?are we going to cough? | sizjötkürlükmüsüz?1jötkürrükmüsüz?are you all going to cough? | alajötkürlükmüdüle?1jötkürrükmüdüle?are they going to cough? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjötkürlük tülmüme?1jötkürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to cough? | senjötkürlük tülmüse?1jötkürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to cough? | oljötkürlük tülmüdü?1jötkürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to cough? | bizjötkürlük tülmübüz?1jötkürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to cough? | sizjötkürlük tülmüsüz?1jötkürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cough? | alajötkürlük tülmüdüle?1jötkürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cough? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötkürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjötkürgen edimjötkürgenemI had coughed | senjötkürgen ediŋjötkürgeneŋyou had coughed | oljötkürgen edijötkürgenedhe had coughed | bizjötkürgen edikjötkürgenekwe had coughed | sizjötkürgen edigizjötkürgenegizyou all had coughed | alajötkürgen edilejötkürgenellethey had coughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjötkürmegen edimjötkürmegenemI hadn't coughed | senjötkürmegen ediŋjötkürmegeneŋyou hadn't coughed | oljötkürmegen edijötkürmegenedhe hadn't coughed | bizjötkürmegen edikjötkürmegenekwe hadn't coughed | sizjötkürmegen edigizjötkürmegenegizyou all hadn't coughed | alajötkürmegen edilejötkürmegenellethey hadn't coughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjötküre edimjötküremI was coughing | senjötküre ediŋjötküreŋyou were coughing | oljötküre edijötküredhe was coughing | bizjötküre edikjötkürekwe were coughing | sizjötküre edigizjötküregizyou all were coughing | alajötküre edilejötkürellethey were coughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjötkürmey edimjötkürmeyemI wasn't coughing | senjötkürmey ediŋjötkürmeyeŋyou weren't coughing | oljötkürmey edijötkürmeyedhe wasn't coughing | bizjötkürmey edikjötkürmeyekwe weren't coughing | sizjötkürmey edigizjötkürmeyegizyou all weren't coughing | alajötkürmey edilejötkürmeyellethey weren't coughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjötkürüwçen edimjötkürüwçenemI used to cough | senjötkürüwçen ediŋjötkürüwçeneŋyou used to cough | oljötkürüwçen edijötkürüwçenedhe used to cough | bizjötkürüwçen edikjötkürüwçenekwe used to cough | sizjötkürüwçen edigizjötkürüwçenegizyou all used to cough | alajötkürüwçen edilejötkürüwçenellethey used to cough |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjötkürmewçen edimjötkürmewçenemI didn't use to cough | senjötkürmewçen ediŋjötkürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to cough | oljötkürmewçen edijötkürmewçenedhe didn't use to cough | bizjötkürmewçen edikjötkürmewçenekwe didn't use to cough | sizjötkürmewçen edigizjötkürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to cough | alajötkürmewçen edilejötkürmewçenellethey didn't use to cough |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljötkürüb edihe had coughed and remained so | alajötkürüb edilethey had coughed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljötkürüb tül edihe hadn't coughed | alajötkürüb tül edilethey hadn't coughed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjötkürüb tura edimjötkürüb turaemI had kept coughing | senjötkürüb tura ediŋjötkürüb turaeŋyou had kept coughing | oljötkürüb tura edijötkürüb turaedhe had kept coughing | bizjötkürüb tura edikjötkürüb turaekwe had kept coughing | sizjötkürüb tura edigizjötkürüb turaegizyou all had kept coughing | alajötkürüb tura edilejötkürüb turaellethey had kept coughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjötkürüb turmay edimjötkürüb turmayemI hadn't kept coughing | senjötkürüb turmay ediŋjötkürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept coughing | oljötkürüb turmay edijötkürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept coughing | bizjötkürüb turmay edikjötkürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept coughing | sizjötkürüb turmay edigizjötkürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept coughing | alajötkürüb turmay edilejötkürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept coughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjötküre tura edimjötküre turaemI was in the middle of coughing | senjötküre tura ediŋjötküre turaeŋyou were in the middle of coughing | oljötküre tura edijötküre turaedhe was in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre tura edikjötküre turaekwe were in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre tura edigizjötküre turaegizyou all were in the middle of coughing | alajötküre tura edilejötküre turaellethey were in the middle of coughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjötküre turmay edimjötküre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of coughing | senjötküre turmay ediŋjötküre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of coughing | oljötküre turmay edijötküre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre turmay edikjötküre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre turmay edigizjötküre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of coughing | alajötküre turmay edilejötküre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of coughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjötkürür edimjötkürür emI would cough | senjötkürür ediŋjötkürür eŋyou would cough | oljötkürür edijötkürür edhe would cough | bizjötkürür edikjötkürür ekwe would cough | sizjötkürür edigizjötkürür egizyou all would cough | alajötkürür edilejötkürür ellethey would cough |
| Conditional result (would) | menjötkürmez edimjötkürmez emI wouldn't cough | senjötkürmez ediŋjötkürmez eŋyou wouldn't cough | oljötkürmez edijötkürmez edhe wouldn't cough | bizjötkürmez edikjötkürmez ekwe wouldn't cough | sizjötkürmez edigizjötkürmez egizyou all wouldn't cough | alajötkürmez edilejötkürmez ellethey wouldn't cough |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjötkürlük edim2jötkürlük emjötkürrük edimI would have coughed | senjötkürlük ediŋ2jötkürlük eŋjötkürrük ediŋyou would have coughed | oljötkürlük edi2jötkürlük edjötkürrük edihe would have coughed | bizjötkürlük edik2jötkürlük ekjötkürrük edikwe would have coughed | sizjötkürlük edigiz2jötkürlük egizjötkürrük edigizyou all would have coughed | alajötkürlük edile2jötkürlük ellejötkürrük edilethey would have coughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjötkürlük tül edim2jötkürlük tül emjötkürrük tül edimI wouldn't have coughed | senjötkürlük tül ediŋ2jötkürlük tül eŋjötkürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have coughed | oljötkürlük tül edi2jötkürlük tül edjötkürrük tül edihe wouldn't have coughed | bizjötkürlük tül edik2jötkürlük tül ekjötkürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have coughed | sizjötkürlük tül edigiz2jötkürlük tül egizjötkürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have coughed | alajötkürlük tül edile2jötkürlük tül ellejötkürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have coughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötkürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjötkürsemif I cough | senjötkürseŋif you cough | oljötkürseif he coughs | bizjötkürsekif we cough | sizjötkürsegizif you all cough | alajötkürseleif they cough |
| Conditional | menjötkürmesemif I don't cough | senjötkürmeseŋif you don't cough | oljötkürmeseif he doesn't cough | bizjötkürmesekif we don't cough | sizjötkürmesegizif you all don't cough | alajötkürmeseleif they don't cough |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjötküre esemif I am coughing | senjötküre eseŋif you are coughing | oljötküre eseif he is coughing | bizjötküre esekif we are coughing | sizjötküre esegizif you all are coughing | alajötküre eseleif they are coughing |
| Conditional, present real | menjötkürmey esemif I am not coughing | senjötkürmey eseŋif you are not coughing | oljötkürmey eseif he is not coughing | bizjötkürmey esekif we are not coughing | sizjötkürmey esegizif you all are not coughing | alajötkürmey eseleif they are not coughing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjötkürsem edijötkürsem edif only I coughed | senjötkürseŋ edijötkürseŋ edif only you coughed | oljötkürse edijötkürsedif only he coughed | bizjötkürsek edijötkürsek edif only we coughed | sizjötkürsegiz edijötkürsegiz edif only you all coughed | alajötkürsele edijötkürseledif only they coughed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjötkürmesem edijötkürmesem edif only I didn't cough | senjötkürmeseŋ edijötkürmeseŋ edif only you didn't cough | oljötkürmese edijötkürmesedif only he didn't cough | bizjötkürmesek edijötkürmesek edif only we didn't cough | sizjötkürmesegiz edijötkürmesegiz edif only you all didn't cough | alajötkürmesele edijötkürmeseledif only they didn't cough |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjötkürüb tursamif I carry on coughing | senjötkürüb tursaŋif you carry on coughing | oljötkürüb tursaif he carries on coughing | bizjötkürüb tursaqif we carry on coughing | sizjötkürüb tursağızif you all carry on coughing | alajötkürüb tursalaif they carry on coughing |
| Durative conditional | menjötkürüb turmasamif I don't carry on coughing | senjötkürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on coughing | oljötkürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on coughing | bizjötkürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on coughing | sizjötkürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on coughing | alajötkürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on coughing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjötkürüb tura esemif I have kept coughing | senjötkürüb tura eseŋif you have kept coughing | oljötkürüb tura eseif he has kept coughing | bizjötkürüb tura esekif we have kept coughing | sizjötkürüb tura esegizif you all have kept coughing | alajötkürüb tura eseleif they have kept coughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjötkürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept coughing | senjötkürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept coughing | oljötkürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept coughing | bizjötkürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept coughing | sizjötkürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept coughing | alajötkürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept coughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjötküre tursamif I keep coughing | senjötküre tursaŋif you keep coughing | oljötküre tursaif he keeps coughing | bizjötküre tursaqif we keep coughing | sizjötküre tursağızif you all keep coughing | alajötküre tursalaif they keep coughing |
| Progressive conditional | menjötkürmey tursamif I keep on not coughing | senjötkürmey tursaŋif you keep on not coughing | oljötkürmey tursaif he keeps on not coughing | bizjötkürmey tursaqif we keep on not coughing | sizjötkürmey tursağızif you all keep on not coughing | alajötkürmey tursalaif they keep on not coughing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjötküre tura esemif I am in the middle of coughing | senjötküre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of coughing | oljötküre tura eseif he is in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre tura esekif we are in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of coughing | alajötküre tura eseleif they are in the middle of coughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjötkürmey tura esemif I keep on not coughing | senjötkürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not coughing | oljötkürmey tura eseif he keeps on not coughing | bizjötkürmey tura esekif we keep on not coughing | sizjötkürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not coughing | alajötkürmey tura eseleif they keep on not coughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjötkürdüm esemif I coughed | senjötkürdüŋ eseŋif you coughed | oljötkürdü eseif he coughed | bizjötkürdük esekif we coughed | sizjötkürdügüz esegizif you all coughed | alajötkürdüle eseleif they coughed |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjötkürmedim esemif I didn't cough | senjötkürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't cough | oljötkürmedi eseif he didn't cough | bizjötkürmedik esekif we didn't cough | sizjötkürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't cough | alajötkürmedile eseleif they didn't cough |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjötkürgen esemif I did cough (indeed) | senjötkürgen eseŋif you did cough (indeed) | oljötkürgen eseif he did cough (indeed) | bizjötkürgen esekif we did cough (indeed) | sizjötkürgen esegizif you all did cough (indeed) | alajötkürgen eseleif they did cough (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjötkürmegen esemif I didn't cough (indeed) | senjötkürmegen eseŋif you didn't cough (indeed) | oljötkürmegen eseif he didn't cough (indeed) | bizjötkürmegen esekif we didn't cough (indeed) | sizjötkürmegen esegizif you all didn't cough (indeed) | alajötkürmegen eseleif they didn't cough (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjötkürgen bolsamif I had coughed | senjötkürgen bolsaŋif you had coughed | oljötkürgen bolsaif he had coughed | bizjötkürgen bolsaqif we had coughed | sizjötkürgen bolsağızif you all had coughed | alajötkürgen bolsalaif they had coughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjötkürmegen bolsamif I hadn't coughed | senjötkürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't coughed | oljötkürmegen bolsaif he hadn't coughed | bizjötkürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't coughed | sizjötkürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't coughed | alajötkürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't coughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjötkürgen bolsam edijötkürgen bolsam edif only I had coughed | senjötkürgen bolsaŋ edijötkürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had coughed | oljötkürgen bolsa edijötkürgen bolsaedif only he had coughed | bizjötkürgen bolsaq edijötkürgen bolsaq edif only we had coughed | sizjötkürgen bolsağız edijötkürgen bolsağız edif only you all had coughed | alajötkürgen bolsala edijötkürgen bolsalaedif only they had coughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjötkürmegen bolsam edijötkürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't coughed | senjötkürmegen bolsaŋ edijötkürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't coughed | oljötkürmegen bolsa edijötkürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't coughed | bizjötkürmegen bolsaq edijötkürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't coughed | sizjötkürmegen bolsağız edijötkürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't coughed | alajötkürmegen bolsala edijötkürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't coughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjötkürür esemif I will cough | senjötkürür eseŋif you will cough | oljötkürür eseif he will cough | bizjötkürür esekif we will cough | sizjötkürür esegizif you all will cough | alajötkürür eseleif they will cough |
| Conditional, aorist | menjötkürmez esemif I won't cough | senjötkürmez eseŋif you won't cough | oljötkürmez eseif he won't cough | bizjötkürmez esekif we won't cough | sizjötkürmez esegizif you all won't cough | alajötkürmez eseleif they won't cough |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjötkürlük esem4jötkürrük esemif I am going to cough | senjötkürlük eseŋ4jötkürrük eseŋif you are going to cough | oljötkürlük ese4jötkürrük eseif he is going to cough | bizjötkürlük esek4jötkürrük esekif we are going to cough | sizjötkürlük esegiz4jötkürrük esegizif you all are going to cough | alajötkürlük esele4jötkürrük eseleif they are going to cough |
| Conditional, future | menjötkürlük tül esem4jötkürrük tül esemif I am not going to cough | senjötkürlük tül eseŋ4jötkürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to cough | oljötkürlük tül ese4jötkürrük tül eseif he is not going to cough | bizjötkürlük tül esek4jötkürrük tül esekif we are not going to cough | sizjötkürlük tül esegiz4jötkürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to cough | alajötkürlük tül esele4jötkürrük tül eseleif they are not going to cough |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjötkürlük bolsam5jötkürrük bolsamif I were going to cough | senjötkürlük bolsaŋ5jötkürrük bolsaŋif you were going to cough | oljötkürlük bolsa5jötkürrük bolsaif he were going to cough | bizjötkürlük bolsaq5jötkürrük bolsaqif we were going to cough | sizjötkürlük bolsağız5jötkürrük bolsağızif you all were going to cough | alajötkürlük bolsala5jötkürrük bolsalaif they were going to cough |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjötkürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to cough | senjötkürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to cough | oljötkürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to cough | bizjötkürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to cough | sizjötkürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to cough | alajötkürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to cough |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jötkürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötkürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötkürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjötküre bolurmaI must be coughing | senjötküre bolursayou must be coughing | oljötküre bolurhe must be coughing | bizjötküre bolurbuzwe must be coughing | sizjötküre bolursuzyou all must be coughing | alajötküre bolurlathey must be coughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjötkürmey bolurmaI must not be coughing | senjötkürmey bolursayou must not be coughing | oljötkürmey bolurhe must not be coughing | bizjötkürmey bolurbuzwe must not be coughing | sizjötkürmey bolursuzyou all must not be coughing | alajötkürmey bolurlathey must not be coughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjötküre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of coughing | senjötküre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of coughing | oljötküre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of coughing | alajötküre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of coughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjötkürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not coughing | senjötkürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not coughing | oljötkürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not coughing | bizjötkürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not coughing | sizjötkürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not coughing | alajötkürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not coughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjötkürgen bolurmaI must have coughed | senjötkürgen bolursayou must have coughed | oljötkürgen bolurhe must have coughed | bizjötkürgen bolurbuzwe must have coughed | sizjötkürgen bolursuzyou all must have coughed | alajötkürgen bolurlathey must have coughed |
| Inference (must have) | menjötkürmegen bolurmaI must not have coughed | senjötkürmegen bolursayou must not have coughed | oljötkürmegen bolurhe must not have coughed | bizjötkürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have coughed | sizjötkürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have coughed | alajötkürmegen bolurlathey must not have coughed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjötkürlük bolurma6jötkürrük bolurmaI must be going to cough | senjötkürlük bolursa6jötkürrük bolursayou must be going to cough | oljötkürlük bolur6jötkürrük bolurhe must be going to cough | bizjötkürlük bolurbuz6jötkürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to cough | sizjötkürlük bolursuz6jötkürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to cough | alajötkürlük bolurla6jötkürrük bolurlathey must be going to cough |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjötkürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to cough | senjötkürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to cough | oljötkürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to cough | bizjötkürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to cough | sizjötkürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to cough | alajötkürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to cough |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jötkürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjötküreyimlet me cough | senjötkür!cough! | oljötkürsünlet him cough | bizjötküreyiklet's cough | sizjötkürügüz!cough, you all! | alajötkürsünlelet them cough |
| Commands & suggestions | menjötkürmeyimlet me not cough | senjötkürme!don't cough! | oljötkürmesinlet him not cough | bizjötkürmeyiklet's not cough | sizjötkürmegiz!don't cough, you all! | alajötkürmesinlelet them not cough |
| Commands & suggestions | menjötküreyimmi?shall I cough? | oljötkürsünmü?should he cough? | bizjötküreyikmi?shall we cough? | alajötkürsünlemi?should they cough? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjötkürmeyimmi?shall I not cough? | oljötkürmesinmi?should he not cough? | bizjötkürmeyikmi?shall we not cough? | alajötkürmesinlemi?should they not cough? | ||
| Requests | senjötkürçü7jötkürçünplease cough | oljötkürsünçüdo let him cough | sizjötkürçügüzplease cough (plural/polite) | alajötkürsünleçido let them cough | ||
| Requests | senjötkürmeçi7jötkürmeçinplease don't cough | oljötkürmesinçido let him not cough | sizjötkürmeçigizplease don't cough (plural/polite) | alajötkürmesinleçido let them not cough | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjötkürgünjötkürgümay you cough | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjötkürmeginjötkürmegimay you not cough | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjötkürgey edim jötkürge edimwould that I coughed | senjötkürgey ediŋ jötkürge ediŋwould that you coughed | oljötkürgey edi jötkürge ediwould that he coughed | bizjötkürgey edik jötkürge edikwould that we coughed | sizjötkürgey edigiz jötkürge edigizwould that you all coughed | alajötkürgey edile jötkürge edilewould that they coughed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjötkürmegey edim jötkürmege edimwould that I did not cough | senjötkürmegey ediŋ jötkürmege ediŋwould that you did not cough | oljötkürmegey edi jötkürmege ediwould that he did not cough | bizjötkürmegey edik jötkürmege edikwould that we did not cough | sizjötkürmegey edigiz jötkürmege edigizwould that you all did not cough | alajötkürmegey edile jötkürmege edilewould that they did not cough |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötkürmege qoyayımjötkürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoy!jötkürme qoy!let someone cough! | oljötkürmege qoysunjötkürme qoysunlet him allow someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoyayıqjötkürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoyuğuz!jötkürme qoyuğuz!let someone cough, you all! | alajötkürmege qoysunlajötkürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötkürmege qoymayımjötkürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoyma!jötkürme qoyma!don't let someone cough! | oljötkürmege qoymasınjötkürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoymayıqjötkürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoymağız!jötkürme qoymağız!don't let someone cough, you all! | alajötkürmege qoymasınlajötkürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötkürmege qoyayımmı?jötkürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoysunmu?jötkürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoyayıqmı?jötkürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoysunlamı?jötkürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cough? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjötkürmege qoymayımmı?jötkürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoymasınmı?jötkürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoymayıqmı?jötkürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoymasınlamı?jötkürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cough? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjötkürmege qoyamajötkürme qoyamaI allow someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoyasajötkürme qoyasayou allow someone to cough | oljötkürmege qoyadıjötkürme qoyadıhe allows someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoyabızjötkürme qoyabızwe allow someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoyasızjötkürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to cough | alajötkürmege qoyadılajötkürme qoyadılathey allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötkürmege qoymaymajötkürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoymaysajötkürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cough | oljötkürmege qoymaydıjötkürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoymaybızjötkürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoymaysızjötkürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cough | alajötkürmege qoymaydılajötkürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötkürmege qoyamamı?jötkürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cough? | senjötkürmege qoyamısa?jötkürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoyamıdı?jötkürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoyabızmı?jötkürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cough? | sizjötkürmege qoyamısız?jötkürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoyamıdıla?jötkürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjötkürmege qoymaymamı?jötkürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cough? | senjötkürmege qoymaymısa?jötkürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoymaymıdı?jötkürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoymaybızmı?jötkürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cough? | sizjötkürmege qoymaymısız?jötkürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoymaymıdıla?jötkürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötkürmege qoydumjötkürme qoydumI allowed someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoyduŋjötkürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cough | oljötkürmege qoydujötkürme qoyduhe allowed someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoyduqjötkürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoyduğuzjötkürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cough | alajötkürmege qoydulajötkürme qoydulathey allowed someone to cough |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötkürmege qoymadımjötkürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cough | senjötkürmege qoymadıŋjötkürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cough | oljötkürmege qoymadıjötkürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cough | bizjötkürmege qoymadıqjötkürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cough | sizjötkürmege qoymadığızjötkürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cough | alajötkürmege qoymadılajötkürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cough |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötkürmege qoydummu?jötkürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to cough? | senjötkürmege qoyduŋmu?jötkürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoydumu?jötkürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoyduqmu?jötkürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cough? | sizjötkürmege qoyduğuzmu?jötkürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoydulamı?jötkürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cough? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjötkürmege qoymadımmı?jötkürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cough? | senjötkürmege qoymadıŋmı?jötkürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cough? | oljötkürmege qoymadımı?jötkürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cough? | bizjötkürmege qoymadıqmı?jötkürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cough? | sizjötkürmege qoymadığızmı?jötkürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cough? | alajötkürmege qoymadılamı?jötkürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cough? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jötküralırğa be able to cough · jötküralmazğa be unable to cough
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjötküralamaI can cough | senjötküralasayou can cough | oljötküraladıhe can cough | bizjötküralabızwe can cough | sizjötküralasızyou all can cough | alajötküraladılathey can cough |
| Ability — present | menjötküralmaymaI can't cough | senjötküralmaysayou can't cough | oljötküralmaydıhe can't cough | bizjötküralmaybızwe can't cough | sizjötküralmaysızyou all can't cough | alajötküralmaydılathey can't cough |
| Ability — present | menjötküralamamı? jötküralamıma?can I cough? | senjötküralamısa?can you cough? | oljötküralamıdı?can he cough? | bizjötküralabızmı? jötküralamıbız?can we cough? | sizjötküralamısız?can you all cough? | alajötküralamıdıla?can they cough? |
| Ability — present | menjötküralmaymamı? jötküralmaymıma?can't I cough? | senjötküralmaymısa?can't you cough? | oljötküralmaymıdı?can't he cough? | bizjötküralmaybızmı? jötküralmaymıbız?can't we cough? | sizjötküralmaymısız?can't you all cough? | alajötküralmaymıdıla?can't they cough? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjötküralsamif I can cough | senjötküralsaŋif you can cough | oljötküralsaif he can cough | bizjötküralsaqif we can cough | sizjötküralsağızif you all can cough | alajötküralsalaif they can cough |
| Ability — if I can… | menjötküralmasamif I can't cough | senjötküralmasaŋif you can't cough | oljötküralmasaif he can't cough | bizjötküralmasaqif we can't cough | sizjötküralmasağızif you all can't cough | alajötküralmasalaif they can't cough |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjötküraldımI was able to cough | senjötküraldıŋyou were able to cough | oljötküraldıhe was able to cough | bizjötküraldıqwe were able to cough | sizjötküraldığızyou all were able to cough | alajötküraldılathey were able to cough |
| Ability — simple past | menjötküralmadımI could not cough | senjötküralmadıŋyou could not cough | oljötküralmadıhe could not cough | bizjötküralmadıqwe could not cough | sizjötküralmadığızyou all could not cough | alajötküralmadılathey could not cough |
| Ability — simple past | menjötküraldımmı?was I able to cough? | senjötküraldıŋmı?were you able to cough? | oljötküraldımı?was he able to cough? | bizjötküraldıqmı?were we able to cough? | sizjötküraldığızmı?were you all able to cough? | alajötküraldılamı?were they able to cough? |
| Ability — simple past | menjötküralmadımmı?couldn't I cough? | senjötküralmadıŋmı?couldn't you cough? | oljötküralmadımı?couldn't he cough? | bizjötküralmadıqmı?couldn't we cough? | sizjötküralmadığızmı?couldn't you all cough? | alajötküralmadılamı?couldn't they cough? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötküralğanmaI have been able to cough | senjötküralğansayou have been able to cough | oljötküralğandıhe has been able to cough | bizjötküralğanbızwe have been able to cough | sizjötküralğansızyou all have been able to cough | alajötküralğandılathey have been able to cough |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötküralmağanmaI haven't been able to cough | senjötküralmağansayou haven't been able to cough | oljötküralmağandıhe hasn't been able to cough | bizjötküralmağanbızwe haven't been able to cough | sizjötküralmağansızyou all haven't been able to cough | alajötküralmağandılathey haven't been able to cough |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötküralğanmamı? jötküralğanmıma?have I been able to cough? | senjötküralğanmısa?have you been able to cough? | oljötküralğanmıdı?has he been able to cough? | bizjötküralğanbızmı? jötküralğanmıbız?have we been able to cough? | sizjötküralğanmısız?have you all been able to cough? | alajötküralğanmıdıla?have they been able to cough? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjötküralmağanmamı? jötküralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cough? | senjötküralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cough? | oljötküralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cough? | bizjötküralmağanbızmı? jötküralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cough? | sizjötküralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cough? | alajötküralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cough? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjötküralğan edimjötküralğanemI had been able to cough | senjötküralğan ediŋjötküralğaneŋyou had been able to cough | oljötküralğan edijötküralğanedhe had been able to cough | bizjötküralğan edikjötküralğanekwe had been able to cough | sizjötküralğan edigizjötküralğanegizyou all had been able to cough | alajötküralğan edilejötküralğanellethey had been able to cough |
| Ability — past perfect | menjötküralmağan edimjötküralmağanemI hadn't been able to cough | senjötküralmağan ediŋjötküralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cough | oljötküralmağan edijötküralmağanedhe hadn't been able to cough | bizjötküralmağan edikjötküralmağanekwe hadn't been able to cough | sizjötküralmağan edigizjötküralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cough | alajötküralmağan edilejötküralmağanellethey hadn't been able to cough |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjötkürala edimjötküralaemI could cough | senjötkürala ediŋjötküralaeŋyou could cough | oljötkürala edijötküralaedhe could cough | bizjötkürala edikjötküralaekwe could cough | sizjötkürala edigizjötküralaegizyou all could cough | alajötkürala edilejötküralaellethey could cough |
| Ability — past background | menjötküralmay edimjötküralmayemI could not cough | senjötküralmay ediŋjötküralmayeŋyou could not cough | oljötküralmay edijötküralmayedhe could not cough | bizjötküralmay edikjötküralmayekwe could not cough | sizjötküralmay edigizjötküralmayegizyou all could not cough | alajötküralmay edilejötküralmayellethey could not cough |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjötküralırmaI will be able to cough | senjötküralırsayou will be able to cough | oljötküralırhe will be able to cough | bizjötküralırbızwe will be able to cough | sizjötküralırsızyou all will be able to cough | alajötküralırlathey will be able to cough |
| Ability — future I | menjötküralmazmaI won't be able to cough | senjötküralmazsayou won't be able to cough | oljötküralmazhe won't be able to cough | bizjötküralmazbızwe won't be able to cough | sizjötküralmazsızyou all won't be able to cough | alajötküralmazlathey won't be able to cough |
| Ability — future I | menjötküralırmamı? jötküralırmıma?will I be able to cough? | senjötküralırmısa?will you be able to cough? | oljötküralırmı?will he be able to cough? | bizjötküralırbızmı? jötküralırmıbız?will we be able to cough? | sizjötküralırmısız?will you all be able to cough? | alajötküralırlamı? jötküralırmıla?will they be able to cough? |
| Ability — future I | menjötküralmazmamı? jötküralmazmıma?won't I be able to cough? | senjötküralmazmısa?won't you be able to cough? | oljötküralmazmı?won't he be able to cough? | bizjötküralmazbızmı? jötküralmazmıbız?won't we be able to cough? | sizjötküralmazmısız?won't you all be able to cough? | alajötküralmazlamı? jötküralmazmıla?won't they be able to cough? |
| Ability — future II | menjötkürallıqmaI am going to be able to cough | senjötkürallıqsayou are going to be able to cough | oljötkürallıqdıhe is going to be able to cough | bizjötkürallıqbızwe are going to be able to cough | sizjötkürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cough | alajötkürallıqdılathey are going to be able to cough |
| Ability — future II | menjötkürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cough | senjötkürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cough | oljötkürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cough | bizjötkürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cough | sizjötkürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cough | alajötkürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cough |
| Ability — future II | menjötkürallıqmamı? jötkürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cough? | senjötkürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cough? | oljötkürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cough? | bizjötkürallıqbızmı? jötkürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cough? | sizjötkürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cough? | alajötkürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cough? |
| Ability — future II | menjötkürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cough? | senjötkürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cough? | oljötkürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cough? | bizjötkürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cough? | sizjötkürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cough? | alajötkürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cough? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjötküralır edimjötküralır emI would be able to cough | senjötküralır ediŋjötküralır eŋyou would be able to cough | oljötküralır edijötküralır edhe would be able to cough | bizjötküralır edikjötküralır ekwe would be able to cough | sizjötküralır edigizjötküralır egizyou all would be able to cough | alajötküralır edilejötküralır ellethey would be able to cough |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjötküralmaz edimjötküralmaz emI wouldn't be able to cough | senjötküralmaz ediŋjötküralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cough | oljötküralmaz edijötküralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cough | bizjötküralmaz edikjötküralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cough | sizjötküralmaz edigizjötküralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cough | alajötküralmaz edilejötküralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cough |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjötküralğınjötküralğımay you be able to cough | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjötküralmağınjötküralmağımay you not be able to cough | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjötkürürge izleymeI want to cough | senjötkürürge izleyseyou want to cough | oljötkürürge izleydihe wants to cough | bizjötkürürge izleybizwe want to cough | sizjötkürürge izleysizyou all want to cough | alajötkürürge izleydilethey want to cough |
| want to | menjötkürürge izlemeymeI do not want to cough | senjötkürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to cough | oljötkürürge izlemeydihe does not want to cough | bizjötkürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to cough | sizjötkürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to cough | alajötkürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to cough |
| would like to | menjötkürürge süemeI would like to cough | senjötkürürge süeseyou would like to cough | oljötkürürge süedihe would like to cough | bizjötkürürge süebizwe would like to cough | sizjötkürürge süesizyou all would like to cough | alajötkürürge süedilethey would like to cough |
| would like to | menjötkürürge süymeymeI would not like to cough | senjötkürürge süymeyseyou would not like to cough | oljötkürürge süymeydihe would not like to cough | bizjötkürürge süymeybizwe would not like to cough | sizjötkürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to cough | alajötkürürge süymeydilethey would not like to cough |
| hope to | menjötkürürge umutlanamaI hope to cough | senjötkürürge umutlanasayou hope to cough | oljötkürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to cough | bizjötkürürge umutlanabızwe hope to cough | sizjötkürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to cough | alajötkürürge umutlanadılathey hope to cough |
| hope to | menjötkürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cough | senjötkürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cough | oljötkürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cough | bizjötkürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cough | sizjötkürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cough | alajötkürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cough |
| be about to | menjötkürürge deb turamaI am about to cough | senjötkürürge deb turasayou are about to cough | oljötkürürge deb turadıhe is about to cough | bizjötkürürge deb turabızwe are about to cough | sizjötkürürge deb turasızyou all are about to cough | alajötkürürge deb turadılathey are about to cough |
| be about to | menjötkürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to cough | senjötkürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to cough | oljötkürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to cough | bizjötkürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to cough | sizjötkürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cough | alajötkürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to cough |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjötkürürge kerekmeI need to cough | senjötkürürge kerekseyou need to cough | oljötkürürge kerekdihe needs to cough | bizjötkürürge kerekbizwe need to cough | sizjötkürürge kereksizyou all need to cough | alajötkürürge kerekdilethey need to cough |
| need to | menjötkürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to cough | senjötkürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to cough | oljötkürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to cough | bizjötkürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cough | sizjötkürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cough | alajötkürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to cough |
| have to | menmenŋe jötkürürge tüşediI have to cough | sensenŋe jötkürürge tüşediyou have to cough | olaŋa jötkürürge tüşedihe has to cough | bizbizge jötkürürge tüşediwe have to cough | sizsizge jötkürürge tüşediyou all have to cough | alaalağa jötkürürge tüşedithey have to cough |
| have to | menmenŋe jötkürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to cough | sensenŋe jötkürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to cough | olaŋa jötkürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to cough | bizbizge jötkürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to cough | sizsizge jötkürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cough | alaalağa jötkürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to cough |
| be obliged to | menjötkürürge borçlumaI am obliged to cough | senjötkürürge borçlusayou are obliged to cough | oljötkürürge borçluduhe is obliged to cough | bizjötkürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to cough | sizjötkürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cough | alajötkürürge borçludulathey are obliged to cough |
| be obliged to | menjötkürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cough | senjötkürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cough | oljötkürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cough | bizjötkürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cough | sizjötkürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cough | alajötkürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cough |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjötkürürge madarım bardıI have a way to cough | senjötkürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cough | oljötkürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to cough | bizjötkürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cough | sizjötkürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cough | alajötkürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to cough |
| have a way to | menjötkürürge madarım joqduI have no way to cough | senjötkürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cough | oljötkürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to cough | bizjötkürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cough | sizjötkürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cough | alajötkürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to cough |
| be free to | menjötkürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to cough | senjötkürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cough | oljötkürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to cough | bizjötkürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cough | sizjötkürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cough | alajötkürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cough |
| be free to | menjötkürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to cough | senjötkürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cough | oljötkürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cough | bizjötkürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cough | sizjötkürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cough | alajötkürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cough |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to cough | sensenŋe jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to cough | olaŋa jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to cough | bizbizge jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to cough | sizsizge jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to cough | alaalağa jötkürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to cough |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cough | sensenŋe jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cough | olaŋa jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cough | bizbizge jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cough | sizsizge jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cough | alaalağa jötkürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cough |
| be ready to | menjötkürürge hazırmaI am ready to cough | senjötkürürge hazırsayou are ready to cough | oljötkürürge hazırdıhe is ready to cough | bizjötkürürge hazırbızwe are ready to cough | sizjötkürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to cough | alajötkürürge hazırdılathey are ready to cough |
| be ready to | menjötkürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to cough | senjötkürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to cough | oljötkürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to cough | bizjötkürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cough | sizjötkürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cough | alajötkürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cough |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjötkürürge küreşemeI am trying to cough | senjötkürürge küreşeseyou are trying to cough | oljötkürürge küreşedihe is trying to cough | bizjötkürürge küreşebizwe are trying to cough | sizjötkürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to cough | alajötkürürge küreşedilethey are trying to cough |
| try to | menjötkürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to cough | senjötkürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cough | oljötkürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to cough | bizjötkürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cough | sizjötkürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cough | alajötkürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cough |
| agree to | menjötkürürge unaymaI agree to cough | senjötkürürge unaysayou agree to cough | oljötkürürge unaydıhe agrees to cough | bizjötkürürge unaybızwe agree to cough | sizjötkürürge unaysızyou all agree to cough | alajötkürürge unaydılathey agree to cough |
| agree to | menjötkürürge unamaymaI refuse to cough | senjötkürürge unamaysayou refuse to cough | oljötkürürge unamaydıhe refuses to cough | bizjötkürürge unamaybızwe refuse to cough | sizjötkürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to cough | alajötkürürge unamaydılathey refuse to cough |
| hurry to | menjötkürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to cough | senjötkürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to cough | oljötkürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cough | bizjötkürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cough | sizjötkürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cough | alajötkürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cough |
| hurry to | menjötkürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cough | senjötkürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cough | oljötkürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cough | bizjötkürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cough | sizjötkürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cough | alajötkürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cough |
| be afraid to | menjötkürürge qorqamaI am afraid to cough | senjötkürürge qorqasayou are afraid to cough | oljötkürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to cough | bizjötkürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to cough | sizjötkürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to cough | alajötkürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to cough |
| be afraid to | menjötkürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cough | senjötkürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cough | oljötkürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cough | bizjötkürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cough | sizjötkürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cough | alajötkürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cough |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjötküre bolmazmaI can't be coughing | senjötküre bolmazsayou can't be coughing | oljötküre bolmazhe can't be coughing | bizjötküre bolmazbızwe can't be coughing | sizjötküre bolmazsızyou all can't be coughing | alajötküre bolmazlathey can't be coughing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjötkürmey bolmazmaI must be coughing (emphatic) | senjötkürmey bolmazsayou must be coughing (emphatic) | oljötkürmey bolmazhe must be coughing (emphatic) | bizjötkürmey bolmazbızwe must be coughing (emphatic) | sizjötkürmey bolmazsızyou all must be coughing (emphatic) | alajötkürmey bolmazlathey must be coughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjötküre turmasamif I don't keep coughing | senjötküre turmasaŋif you don't keep coughing | oljötküre turmasaif he doesn't keep coughing | bizjötküre turmasaqif we don't keep coughing | sizjötküre turmasağızif you all don't keep coughing | alajötküre turmasalaif they don't keep coughing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjötküre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of coughing | senjötküre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of coughing | oljötküre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of coughing | bizjötküre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of coughing | sizjötküre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of coughing | alajötküre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of coughing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjötkürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | senjötkürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | oljötkürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | bizjötkürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | sizjötkürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not coughing (emphatic) | alajötkürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not coughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjötkürmey turamaI keep on not coughing | senjötkürmey turasayou keep on not coughing | oljötkürmey turadıhe keeps on not coughing | bizjötkürmey turabızwe keep on not coughing | sizjötkürmey turasızyou all keep on not coughing | alajötkürmey turadılathey keep on not coughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjötkürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not coughing | senjötkürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not coughing | oljötkürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not coughing | bizjötkürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not coughing | sizjötkürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not coughing | alajötkürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not coughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjötkürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not coughing? | senjötkürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not coughing? | oljötkürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not coughing? | bizjötkürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not coughing? | sizjötkürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not coughing? | alajötkürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not coughing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjötkürgen bolmazmaI can't have coughed | senjötkürgen bolmazsayou can't have coughed | oljötkürgen bolmazhe can't have coughed | bizjötkürgen bolmazbızwe can't have coughed | sizjötkürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have coughed | alajötkürgen bolmazlathey can't have coughed |
| Inference — double negation | menjötkürmegen bolmazmaI must have coughed (emphatic) | senjötkürmegen bolmazsayou must have coughed (emphatic) | oljötkürmegen bolmazhe must have coughed (emphatic) | bizjötkürmegen bolmazbızwe must have coughed (emphatic) | sizjötkürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have coughed (emphatic) | alajötkürmegen bolmazlathey must have coughed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjötkürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had coughed | senjötkürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had coughed | oljötkürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had coughed | bizjötkürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had coughed | sizjötkürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had coughed | alajötkürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had coughed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjötkürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't coughed | senjötkürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't coughed | oljötkürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't coughed | bizjötkürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't coughed | sizjötkürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't coughed | alajötkürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't coughed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjötkürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to cough | senjötkürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to cough | oljötkürlük bolmazhe can't be going to cough | bizjötkürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to cough | sizjötkürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cough | alajötkürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to cough |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjötkürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to cough (emphatic) | senjötkürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to cough (emphatic) | oljötkürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to cough (emphatic) | bizjötkürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to cough (emphatic) | sizjötkürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to cough (emphatic) | alajötkürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to cough (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjötkürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cough | senjötkürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cough | oljötkürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cough | bizjötkürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cough | sizjötkürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cough | alajötkürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cough |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjötkürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cough | senjötkürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cough | oljötkürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cough | bizjötkürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cough | sizjötkürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cough | alajötkürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cough |