gireşirge
/ɡireʃirɡe/
be frozen fast, freeze onto something
- suwuqdan gireşgen edile — they had frozen fast from the cold
- qolum temirge gireşdi — my hand froze onto the iron
- ayağı gireşdi — his foot froze fast
- temir qolğa gireşedi — iron freezes onto the hand
- suw buzğa gireşgendi — the water has frozen onto the ice
Conjugation
Common forms
- gireşedihe is being frozen fast
- gireşdihe was frozen fast
- gireşgendihe has been frozen fast
- gireşirhe will be frozen fast
- gireşirikdihe is going to be frozen fast
- gireşe edihe was being frozen fast
- gireşseif he is frozen fast
- gireş!be frozen fast!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mengireşemeI am being frozen fast | sengireşeseyou are being frozen fast | olgireşedihe is being frozen fast | bizgireşebizwe are being frozen fast | sizgireşesizyou all are being frozen fast | alagireşedilethey are being frozen fast |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mengireşmeymeI am not being frozen fast | sengireşmeyseyou are not being frozen fast | olgireşmeydihe is not being frozen fast | bizgireşmeybizwe are not being frozen fast | sizgireşmeysizyou all are not being frozen fast | alagireşmeydilethey are not being frozen fast |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mengireşememi? gireşemime?am I being frozen fast? | sengireşemise?are you being frozen fast? | olgireşemidi?is he being frozen fast? | bizgireşebizmi? gireşemibiz?are we being frozen fast? | sizgireşemisiz?are you all being frozen fast? | alagireşemidile?are they being frozen fast? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mengireşmeymemi? gireşmeymime?aren't I being frozen fast? | sengireşmeymise?aren't you being frozen fast? | olgireşmeymidi?isn't he being frozen fast? | bizgireşmeybizmi? gireşmeymibiz?aren't we being frozen fast? | sizgireşmeymisiz?aren't you all being frozen fast? | alagireşmeymidile?aren't they being frozen fast? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mengireşiwçenmeI am usually frozen fast | sengireşiwçenseyou are usually frozen fast | olgireşiwçendihe is usually frozen fast | bizgireşiwçenbizwe are usually frozen fast | sizgireşiwçensizyou all are usually frozen fast | alagireşiwçendilethey are usually frozen fast |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mengireşmewçenmeI am usually not frozen fast | sengireşmewçenseyou are usually not frozen fast | olgireşmewçendihe is usually not frozen fast | bizgireşmewçenbizwe are usually not frozen fast | sizgireşmewçensizyou all are usually not frozen fast | alagireşmewçendilethey are usually not frozen fast |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mengireşiwçenmemi? gireşiwçenmime?am I usually frozen fast? | sengireşiwçenmise?are you usually frozen fast? | olgireşiwçenmidi?is he usually frozen fast? | bizgireşiwçenbizmi? gireşiwçenmibiz?are we usually frozen fast? | sizgireşiwçenmisiz?are you all usually frozen fast? | alagireşiwçenmidile?are they usually frozen fast? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mengireşmewçenmemi? gireşmewçenmime?am I usually not frozen fast? | sengireşmewçenmise?are you usually not frozen fast? | olgireşmewçenmidi?is he usually not frozen fast? | bizgireşmewçenbizmi? gireşmewçenmibiz?are we usually not frozen fast? | sizgireşmewçenmisiz?are you all usually not frozen fast? | alagireşmewçenmidile?are they usually not frozen fast? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olgireşibdihe has been frozen fast and remains so | alagireşibdilethey have been frozen fast and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olgireşibmidi?has he been frozen fast? | alagireşibmidile?have they been frozen fast? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mengireşib turamaI remain frozen fast | sengireşib turasayou remain frozen fast | olgireşib turadıhe remains frozen fast | bizgireşib turabızwe remain frozen fast | sizgireşib turasızyou all remain frozen fast | alagireşib turadılathey remain frozen fast |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mengireşib turmaymaI don't remain frozen fast | sengireşib turmaysayou don't remain frozen fast | olgireşib turmaydıhe doesn't remain frozen fast | bizgireşib turmaybızwe don't remain frozen fast | sizgireşib turmaysızyou all don't remain frozen fast | alagireşib turmaydılathey don't remain frozen fast |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mengireşib turamamı? gireşib turamıma?do I remain frozen fast? | sengireşib turamısa?do you remain frozen fast? | olgireşib turamıdı?does he remain frozen fast? | bizgireşib turabızmı? gireşib turamıbız?do we remain frozen fast? | sizgireşib turamısız?do you all remain frozen fast? | alagireşib turamıdıla?do they remain frozen fast? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mengireşib turmaymamı? gireşib turmaymıma?don't I remain frozen fast? | sengireşib turmaymısa?don't you remain frozen fast? | olgireşib turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain frozen fast? | bizgireşib turmaybızmı? gireşib turmaymıbız?don't we remain frozen fast? | sizgireşib turmaymısız?don't you all remain frozen fast? | alagireşib turmaymıdıla?don't they remain frozen fast? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mengireşe turamaI am in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe turasayou are in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe turadıhe is in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe turabızwe are in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe turasızyou all are in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe turadılathey are in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mengireşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mengireşe turamamı? gireşe turamıma?am I in the middle of being frozen fast? | sengireşe turamısa?are you in the middle of being frozen fast? | olgireşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of being frozen fast? | bizgireşe turabızmı? gireşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of being frozen fast? | sizgireşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of being frozen fast? | alagireşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being frozen fast? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mengireşe turmaymamı? gireşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being frozen fast? | sengireşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being frozen fast? | olgireşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being frozen fast? | bizgireşe turmaybızmı? gireşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being frozen fast? | sizgireşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being frozen fast? | alagireşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being frozen fast? |
| Simple past (definite) | mengireşdimI was frozen fast | sengireşdiŋyou were frozen fast | olgireşdihe was frozen fast | bizgireşdikwe were frozen fast | sizgireşdigizyou all were frozen fast | alagireşdilethey were frozen fast |
| Simple past (definite) | mengireşmedimI wasn't frozen fast | sengireşmediŋyou weren't frozen fast | olgireşmedihe wasn't frozen fast | bizgireşmedikwe weren't frozen fast | sizgireşmedigizyou all weren't frozen fast | alagireşmedilethey weren't frozen fast |
| Simple past (definite) | mengireşdimmi?was I frozen fast? | sengireşdiŋmi?were you frozen fast? | olgireşdimi?was he frozen fast? | bizgireşdikmi?were we frozen fast? | sizgireşdigizmi?were you all frozen fast? | alagireşdilemi?were they frozen fast? |
| Simple past (definite) | mengireşmedimmi?wasn't I frozen fast? | sengireşmediŋmi?weren't you frozen fast? | olgireşmedimi?wasn't he frozen fast? | bizgireşmedikmi?weren't we frozen fast? | sizgireşmedigizmi?weren't you all frozen fast? | alagireşmedilemi?weren't they frozen fast? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mengireşgenmeI have been frozen fast | sengireşgenseyou have been frozen fast | olgireşgendihe has been frozen fast | bizgireşgenbizwe have been frozen fast | sizgireşgensizyou all have been frozen fast | alagireşgendilethey have been frozen fast |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mengireşmegenmeI haven't been frozen fast | sengireşmegenseyou haven't been frozen fast | olgireşmegendihe hasn't been frozen fast | bizgireşmegenbizwe haven't been frozen fast | sizgireşmegensizyou all haven't been frozen fast | alagireşmegendilethey haven't been frozen fast |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mengireşgenmemi? gireşgenmime?have I been frozen fast? | sengireşgenmise?have you been frozen fast? | olgireşgenmidi?has he been frozen fast? | bizgireşgenbizmi? gireşgenmibiz?have we been frozen fast? | sizgireşgenmisiz?have you all been frozen fast? | alagireşgenmidile?have they been frozen fast? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mengireşmegenmemi? gireşmegenmime?haven't I been frozen fast? | sengireşmegenmise?haven't you been frozen fast? | olgireşmegenmidi?hasn't he been frozen fast? | bizgireşmegenbizmi? gireşmegenmibiz?haven't we been frozen fast? | sizgireşmegenmisiz?haven't you all been frozen fast? | alagireşmegenmidile?haven't they been frozen fast? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mengireşib turdumI remained frozen fast | sengireşib turduŋyou remained frozen fast | olgireşib turduhe remained frozen fast | bizgireşib turduqwe remained frozen fast | sizgireşib turduğuzyou all remained frozen fast | alagireşib turdulathey remained frozen fast |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mengireşib turmadımI didn't remain frozen fast | sengireşib turmadıŋyou didn't remain frozen fast | olgireşib turmadıhe didn't remain frozen fast | bizgireşib turmadıqwe didn't remain frozen fast | sizgireşib turmadığızyou all didn't remain frozen fast | alagireşib turmadılathey didn't remain frozen fast |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mengireşirmeI will be frozen fast | sengireşirseyou will be frozen fast | olgireşirhe will be frozen fast | bizgireşirbizwe will be frozen fast | sizgireşirsizyou all will be frozen fast | alagireşirlethey will be frozen fast |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mengireşmezmeI won't be frozen fast | sengireşmezseyou won't be frozen fast | olgireşmezhe won't be frozen fast | bizgireşmezbizwe won't be frozen fast | sizgireşmezsizyou all won't be frozen fast | alagireşmezlethey won't be frozen fast |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mengireşirmemi? gireşirmime?will I be frozen fast? | sengireşirmise?will you be frozen fast? | olgireşirmi?will he be frozen fast? | bizgireşirbizmi? gireşirmibiz?will we be frozen fast? | sizgireşirmisiz?will you all be frozen fast? | alagireşirlemi? gireşirmile?will they be frozen fast? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mengireşmezmemi? gireşmezmime?won't I be frozen fast? | sengireşmezmise?won't you be frozen fast? | olgireşmezmi?won't he be frozen fast? | bizgireşmezbizmi? gireşmezmibiz?won't we be frozen fast? | sizgireşmezmisiz?won't you all be frozen fast? | alagireşmezlemi? gireşmezmile?won't they be frozen fast? |
| Definite future (future II) | mengireşirikmeI am going to be frozen fast | sengireşirikseyou are going to be frozen fast | olgireşirikdihe is going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirikbizwe are going to be frozen fast | sizgireşiriksizyou all are going to be frozen fast | alagireşirikdilethey are going to be frozen fast |
| Definite future (future II) | mengireşirik tülmeI am not going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik tülseyou are not going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik tüldühe is not going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik tülbüzwe are not going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik tülsüzyou all are not going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik tüldülethey are not going to be frozen fast |
| Definite future (future II) | mengireşirikmemi? gireşirikmime?am I going to be frozen fast? | sengireşirikmise?are you going to be frozen fast? | olgireşirikmidi?is he going to be frozen fast? | bizgireşirikbizmi? gireşirikmibiz?are we going to be frozen fast? | sizgireşirikmisiz?are you all going to be frozen fast? | alagireşirikmidile?are they going to be frozen fast? |
| Definite future (future II) | mengireşirik tülmüme?aren't I going to be frozen fast? | sengireşirik tülmüse?aren't you going to be frozen fast? | olgireşirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to be frozen fast? | bizgireşirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to be frozen fast? | sizgireşirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be frozen fast? | alagireşirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be frozen fast? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mengireşgen edimgireşgenemI had been frozen fast | sengireşgen ediŋgireşgeneŋyou had been frozen fast | olgireşgen edigireşgenedhe had been frozen fast | bizgireşgen edikgireşgenekwe had been frozen fast | sizgireşgen edigizgireşgenegizyou all had been frozen fast | alagireşgen edilegireşgenellethey had been frozen fast |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mengireşmegen edimgireşmegenemI hadn't been frozen fast | sengireşmegen ediŋgireşmegeneŋyou hadn't been frozen fast | olgireşmegen edigireşmegenedhe hadn't been frozen fast | bizgireşmegen edikgireşmegenekwe hadn't been frozen fast | sizgireşmegen edigizgireşmegenegizyou all hadn't been frozen fast | alagireşmegen edilegireşmegenellethey hadn't been frozen fast |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mengireşe edimgireşemI was being frozen fast | sengireşe ediŋgireşeŋyou were being frozen fast | olgireşe edigireşedhe was being frozen fast | bizgireşe edikgireşekwe were being frozen fast | sizgireşe edigizgireşegizyou all were being frozen fast | alagireşe edilegireşellethey were being frozen fast |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mengireşmey edimgireşmeyemI wasn't being frozen fast | sengireşmey ediŋgireşmeyeŋyou weren't being frozen fast | olgireşmey edigireşmeyedhe wasn't being frozen fast | bizgireşmey edikgireşmeyekwe weren't being frozen fast | sizgireşmey edigizgireşmeyegizyou all weren't being frozen fast | alagireşmey edilegireşmeyellethey weren't being frozen fast |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mengireşiwçen edimgireşiwçenemI used to be frozen fast | sengireşiwçen ediŋgireşiwçeneŋyou used to be frozen fast | olgireşiwçen edigireşiwçenedhe used to be frozen fast | bizgireşiwçen edikgireşiwçenekwe used to be frozen fast | sizgireşiwçen edigizgireşiwçenegizyou all used to be frozen fast | alagireşiwçen edilegireşiwçenellethey used to be frozen fast |
| Habitual past (used to) | mengireşmewçen edimgireşmewçenemI didn't use to be frozen fast | sengireşmewçen ediŋgireşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to be frozen fast | olgireşmewçen edigireşmewçenedhe didn't use to be frozen fast | bizgireşmewçen edikgireşmewçenekwe didn't use to be frozen fast | sizgireşmewçen edigizgireşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to be frozen fast | alagireşmewçen edilegireşmewçenellethey didn't use to be frozen fast |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olgireşib edihe had been frozen fast and remained so | alagireşib edilethey had been frozen fast and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olgireşib tül edihe hadn't been frozen fast | alagireşib tül edilethey hadn't been frozen fast | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mengireşib tura edimgireşib turaemI had remained frozen fast | sengireşib tura ediŋgireşib turaeŋyou had remained frozen fast | olgireşib tura edigireşib turaedhe had remained frozen fast | bizgireşib tura edikgireşib turaekwe had remained frozen fast | sizgireşib tura edigizgireşib turaegizyou all had remained frozen fast | alagireşib tura edilegireşib turaellethey had remained frozen fast |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mengireşib turmay edimgireşib turmayemI hadn't remained frozen fast | sengireşib turmay ediŋgireşib turmayeŋyou hadn't remained frozen fast | olgireşib turmay edigireşib turmayedhe hadn't remained frozen fast | bizgireşib turmay edikgireşib turmayekwe hadn't remained frozen fast | sizgireşib turmay edigizgireşib turmayegizyou all hadn't remained frozen fast | alagireşib turmay edilegireşib turmayellethey hadn't remained frozen fast |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mengireşe tura edimgireşe turaemI was in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe tura ediŋgireşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe tura edigireşe turaedhe was in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe tura edikgireşe turaekwe were in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe tura edigizgireşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe tura edilegireşe turaellethey were in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mengireşe turmay edimgireşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe turmay ediŋgireşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe turmay edigireşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe turmay edikgireşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe turmay edigizgireşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe turmay edilegireşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mengireşir edimgireşir emI would be frozen fast | sengireşir ediŋgireşir eŋyou would be frozen fast | olgireşir edigireşir edhe would be frozen fast | bizgireşir edikgireşir ekwe would be frozen fast | sizgireşir edigizgireşir egizyou all would be frozen fast | alagireşir edilegireşir ellethey would be frozen fast |
| Conditional result (would) | mengireşmez edimgireşmez emI wouldn't be frozen fast | sengireşmez ediŋgireşmez eŋyou wouldn't be frozen fast | olgireşmez edigireşmez edhe wouldn't be frozen fast | bizgireşmez edikgireşmez ekwe wouldn't be frozen fast | sizgireşmez edigizgireşmez egizyou all wouldn't be frozen fast | alagireşmez edilegireşmez ellethey wouldn't be frozen fast |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mengireşirik edimgireşirik emI would have been frozen fast | sengireşirik ediŋgireşirik eŋyou would have been frozen fast | olgireşirik edigireşirik edhe would have been frozen fast | bizgireşirik edikgireşirik ekwe would have been frozen fast | sizgireşirik edigizgireşirik egizyou all would have been frozen fast | alagireşirik edilegireşirik ellethey would have been frozen fast |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mengireşirik tül edimgireşirik tül emI wouldn't have been frozen fast | sengireşirik tül ediŋgireşirik tül eŋyou wouldn't have been frozen fast | olgireşirik tül edigireşirik tül edhe wouldn't have been frozen fast | bizgireşirik tül edikgireşirik tül ekwe wouldn't have been frozen fast | sizgireşirik tül edigizgireşirik tül egizyou all wouldn't have been frozen fast | alagireşirik tül edilegireşirik tül ellethey wouldn't have been frozen fast |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mengireşsemif I am frozen fast | sengireşseŋif you are frozen fast | olgireşseif he is frozen fast | bizgireşsekif we are frozen fast | sizgireşsegizif you all are frozen fast | alagireşseleif they are frozen fast |
| Conditional | mengireşmesemif I am not frozen fast | sengireşmeseŋif you are not frozen fast | olgireşmeseif he is not frozen fast | bizgireşmesekif we are not frozen fast | sizgireşmesegizif you all are not frozen fast | alagireşmeseleif they are not frozen fast |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mengireşe esemif I am being frozen fast | sengireşe eseŋif you are being frozen fast | olgireşe eseif he is being frozen fast | bizgireşe esekif we are being frozen fast | sizgireşe esegizif you all are being frozen fast | alagireşe eseleif they are being frozen fast |
| Conditional, present real | mengireşmey esemif I am not being frozen fast | sengireşmey eseŋif you are not being frozen fast | olgireşmey eseif he is not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey esekif we are not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey esegizif you all are not being frozen fast | alagireşmey eseleif they are not being frozen fast |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mengireşsem edigireşsem edif only I was frozen fast | sengireşseŋ edigireşseŋ edif only you was frozen fast | olgireşse edigireşsedif only he was frozen fast | bizgireşsek edigireşsek edif only we was frozen fast | sizgireşsegiz edigireşsegiz edif only you all was frozen fast | alagireşsele edigireşseledif only they was frozen fast |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mengireşmesem edigireşmesem edif only I didn't be frozen fast | sengireşmeseŋ edigireşmeseŋ edif only you didn't be frozen fast | olgireşmese edigireşmesedif only he didn't be frozen fast | bizgireşmesek edigireşmesek edif only we didn't be frozen fast | sizgireşmesegiz edigireşmesegiz edif only you all didn't be frozen fast | alagireşmesele edigireşmeseledif only they didn't be frozen fast |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mengireşib tursamif I remain frozen fast | sengireşib tursaŋif you remain frozen fast | olgireşib tursaif he remains frozen fast | bizgireşib tursaqif we remain frozen fast | sizgireşib tursağızif you all remain frozen fast | alagireşib tursalaif they remain frozen fast |
| Durative conditional | mengireşib turmasamif I don't remain frozen fast | sengireşib turmasaŋif you don't remain frozen fast | olgireşib turmasaif he doesn't remain frozen fast | bizgireşib turmasaqif we don't remain frozen fast | sizgireşib turmasağızif you all don't remain frozen fast | alagireşib turmasalaif they don't remain frozen fast |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mengireşib tura esemif I have remained frozen fast | sengireşib tura eseŋif you have remained frozen fast | olgireşib tura eseif he has remained frozen fast | bizgireşib tura esekif we have remained frozen fast | sizgireşib tura esegizif you all have remained frozen fast | alagireşib tura eseleif they have remained frozen fast |
| Durative conditional, present real | mengireşib turmay esemif I haven't remained frozen fast | sengireşib turmay eseŋif you haven't remained frozen fast | olgireşib turmay eseif he hasn't remained frozen fast | bizgireşib turmay esekif we haven't remained frozen fast | sizgireşib turmay esegizif you all haven't remained frozen fast | alagireşib turmay eseleif they haven't remained frozen fast |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mengireşe tursamif I keep being frozen fast | sengireşe tursaŋif you keep being frozen fast | olgireşe tursaif he keeps being frozen fast | bizgireşe tursaqif we keep being frozen fast | sizgireşe tursağızif you all keep being frozen fast | alagireşe tursalaif they keep being frozen fast |
| Progressive conditional | mengireşmey tursamif I keep on not being frozen fast | sengireşmey tursaŋif you keep on not being frozen fast | olgireşmey tursaif he keeps on not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey tursaqif we keep on not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey tursağızif you all keep on not being frozen fast | alagireşmey tursalaif they keep on not being frozen fast |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mengireşe tura esemif I am in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe tura eseif he is in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe tura esekif we are in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mengireşmey tura esemif I keep on not being frozen fast | sengireşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not being frozen fast | olgireşmey tura eseif he keeps on not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey tura esekif we keep on not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not being frozen fast | alagireşmey tura eseleif they keep on not being frozen fast |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mengireşdim esemif I was frozen fast | sengireşdiŋ eseŋif you were frozen fast | olgireşdi eseif he was frozen fast | bizgireşdik esekif we were frozen fast | sizgireşdigiz esegizif you all were frozen fast | alagireşdile eseleif they were frozen fast |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mengireşmedim esemif I wasn't frozen fast | sengireşmediŋ eseŋif you weren't frozen fast | olgireşmedi eseif he wasn't frozen fast | bizgireşmedik esekif we weren't frozen fast | sizgireşmedigiz esegizif you all weren't frozen fast | alagireşmedile eseleif they weren't frozen fast |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mengireşgen esemif I was frozen fast (indeed) | sengireşgen eseŋif you were frozen fast (indeed) | olgireşgen eseif he was frozen fast (indeed) | bizgireşgen esekif we were frozen fast (indeed) | sizgireşgen esegizif you all were frozen fast (indeed) | alagireşgen eseleif they were frozen fast (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mengireşmegen esemif I wasn't frozen fast (indeed) | sengireşmegen eseŋif you weren't frozen fast (indeed) | olgireşmegen eseif he wasn't frozen fast (indeed) | bizgireşmegen esekif we weren't frozen fast (indeed) | sizgireşmegen esegizif you all weren't frozen fast (indeed) | alagireşmegen eseleif they weren't frozen fast (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mengireşgen bolsamif I had been frozen fast | sengireşgen bolsaŋif you had been frozen fast | olgireşgen bolsaif he had been frozen fast | bizgireşgen bolsaqif we had been frozen fast | sizgireşgen bolsağızif you all had been frozen fast | alagireşgen bolsalaif they had been frozen fast |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mengireşmegen bolsamif I hadn't been frozen fast | sengireşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't been frozen fast | olgireşmegen bolsaif he hadn't been frozen fast | bizgireşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't been frozen fast | sizgireşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't been frozen fast | alagireşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't been frozen fast |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mengireşgen bolsam edigireşgen bolsam edif only I had been frozen fast | sengireşgen bolsaŋ edigireşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had been frozen fast | olgireşgen bolsa edigireşgen bolsaedif only he had been frozen fast | bizgireşgen bolsaq edigireşgen bolsaq edif only we had been frozen fast | sizgireşgen bolsağız edigireşgen bolsağız edif only you all had been frozen fast | alagireşgen bolsala edigireşgen bolsalaedif only they had been frozen fast |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mengireşmegen bolsam edigireşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't been frozen fast | sengireşmegen bolsaŋ edigireşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been frozen fast | olgireşmegen bolsa edigireşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't been frozen fast | bizgireşmegen bolsaq edigireşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't been frozen fast | sizgireşmegen bolsağız edigireşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been frozen fast | alagireşmegen bolsala edigireşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't been frozen fast |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mengireşir esemif I will be frozen fast | sengireşir eseŋif you will be frozen fast | olgireşir eseif he will be frozen fast | bizgireşir esekif we will be frozen fast | sizgireşir esegizif you all will be frozen fast | alagireşir eseleif they will be frozen fast |
| Conditional, aorist | mengireşmez esemif I won't be frozen fast | sengireşmez eseŋif you won't be frozen fast | olgireşmez eseif he won't be frozen fast | bizgireşmez esekif we won't be frozen fast | sizgireşmez esegizif you all won't be frozen fast | alagireşmez eseleif they won't be frozen fast |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mengireşirik esemif I am going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik eseŋif you are going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik eseif he is going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik esekif we are going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik esegizif you all are going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik eseleif they are going to be frozen fast |
| Conditional, future | mengireşirik tül esemif I am not going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik tül eseŋif you are not going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik tül eseif he is not going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik tül esekif we are not going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik tül esegizif you all are not going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik tül eseleif they are not going to be frozen fast |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mengireşirik bolsamif I were going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik bolsaŋif you were going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik bolsaif he were going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik bolsaqif we were going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik bolsağızif you all were going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik bolsalaif they were going to be frozen fast |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mengireşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to be frozen fast | sengireşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to be frozen fast | olgireşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to be frozen fast | bizgireşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to be frozen fast | sizgireşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to be frozen fast | alagireşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to be frozen fast |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso gireşdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mengireşe bolurmaI must be being frozen fast | sengireşe bolursayou must be being frozen fast | olgireşe bolurhe must be being frozen fast | bizgireşe bolurbuzwe must be being frozen fast | sizgireşe bolursuzyou all must be being frozen fast | alagireşe bolurlathey must be being frozen fast |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mengireşmey bolurmaI must not be being frozen fast | sengireşmey bolursayou must not be being frozen fast | olgireşmey bolurhe must not be being frozen fast | bizgireşmey bolurbuzwe must not be being frozen fast | sizgireşmey bolursuzyou all must not be being frozen fast | alagireşmey bolurlathey must not be being frozen fast |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mengireşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mengireşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not being frozen fast | sengireşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not being frozen fast | olgireşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being frozen fast | alagireşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not being frozen fast |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mengireşgen bolurmaI must have been frozen fast | sengireşgen bolursayou must have been frozen fast | olgireşgen bolurhe must have been frozen fast | bizgireşgen bolurbuzwe must have been frozen fast | sizgireşgen bolursuzyou all must have been frozen fast | alagireşgen bolurlathey must have been frozen fast |
| Inference (must have) | mengireşmegen bolurmaI must not have been frozen fast | sengireşmegen bolursayou must not have been frozen fast | olgireşmegen bolurhe must not have been frozen fast | bizgireşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have been frozen fast | sizgireşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have been frozen fast | alagireşmegen bolurlathey must not have been frozen fast |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mengireşirik bolurmaI must be going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik bolursayou must be going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik bolurhe must be going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik bolurbuzwe must be going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik bolursuzyou all must be going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik bolurlathey must be going to be frozen fast |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mengireşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to be frozen fast | sengireşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to be frozen fast | olgireşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to be frozen fast | bizgireşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to be frozen fast | sizgireşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to be frozen fast | alagireşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to be frozen fast |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mengireşeyimlet me be frozen fast | sengireş!be frozen fast! | olgireşsinlet him be frozen fast | bizgireşeyiklet's be frozen fast | sizgireşigiz!be frozen fast, you all! | alagireşsinlelet them be frozen fast |
| Commands & suggestions | mengireşmeyimlet me not be frozen fast | sengireşme!don't be frozen fast! | olgireşmesinlet him not be frozen fast | bizgireşmeyiklet's not be frozen fast | sizgireşmegiz!don't be frozen fast, you all! | alagireşmesinlelet them not be frozen fast |
| Commands & suggestions | mengireşeyimmi?shall I be frozen fast? | olgireşsinmi?should he be frozen fast? | bizgireşeyikmi?shall we be frozen fast? | alagireşsinlemi?should they be frozen fast? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mengireşmeyimmi?shall I not be frozen fast? | olgireşmesinmi?should he not be frozen fast? | bizgireşmeyikmi?shall we not be frozen fast? | alagireşmesinlemi?should they not be frozen fast? | ||
| Requests | sengireşçi2gireşçinplease be frozen fast | olgireşsinçido let him be frozen fast | sizgireşçigizplease be frozen fast (plural/polite) | alagireşsinleçido let them be frozen fast | ||
| Requests | sengireşmeçi2gireşmeçinplease don't be frozen fast | olgireşmesinçido let him not be frozen fast | sizgireşmeçigizplease don't be frozen fast (plural/polite) | alagireşmesinleçido let them not be frozen fast | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sengireşgingireşgimay you be frozen fast | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sengireşmegingireşmegimay you not be frozen fast | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mengireşgey edim gireşge edimwould that I were frozen fast | sengireşgey ediŋ gireşge ediŋwould that you were frozen fast | olgireşgey edi gireşge ediwould that he were frozen fast | bizgireşgey edik gireşge edikwould that we were frozen fast | sizgireşgey edigiz gireşge edigizwould that you all were frozen fast | alagireşgey edile gireşge edilewould that they were frozen fast |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mengireşmegey edim gireşmege edimwould that I were not frozen fast | sengireşmegey ediŋ gireşmege ediŋwould that you were not frozen fast | olgireşmegey edi gireşmege ediwould that he were not frozen fast | bizgireşmegey edik gireşmege edikwould that we were not frozen fast | sizgireşmegey edigiz gireşmege edigizwould that you all were not frozen fast | alagireşmegey edile gireşmege edilewould that they were not frozen fast |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mengireşmege qoyayımgireşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoy!gireşme qoy!let someone be frozen fast! | olgireşmege qoysungireşme qoysunlet him allow someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoyayıqgireşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoyuğuz!gireşme qoyuğuz!let someone be frozen fast, you all! | alagireşmege qoysunlagireşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (commands) | mengireşmege qoymayımgireşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoyma!gireşme qoyma!don't let someone be frozen fast! | olgireşmege qoymasıngireşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoymayıqgireşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoymağız!gireşme qoymağız!don't let someone be frozen fast, you all! | alagireşmege qoymasınlagireşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (commands) | mengireşmege qoyayımmı?gireşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoysunmu?gireşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoyayıqmı?gireşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoysunlamı?gireşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be frozen fast? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mengireşmege qoymayımmı?gireşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoymasınmı?gireşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoymayıqmı?gireşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoymasınlamı?gireşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be frozen fast? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mengireşmege qoyamagireşme qoyamaI allow someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoyasagireşme qoyasayou allow someone to be frozen fast | olgireşmege qoyadıgireşme qoyadıhe allows someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoyabızgireşme qoyabızwe allow someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoyasızgireşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to be frozen fast | alagireşmege qoyadılagireşme qoyadılathey allow someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (present) | mengireşmege qoymaymagireşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoymaysagireşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be frozen fast | olgireşmege qoymaydıgireşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoymaybızgireşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoymaysızgireşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be frozen fast | alagireşmege qoymaydılagireşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (present) | mengireşmege qoyamamı?gireşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be frozen fast? | sengireşmege qoyamısa?gireşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoyamıdı?gireşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoyabızmı?gireşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be frozen fast? | sizgireşmege qoyamısız?gireşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoyamıdıla?gireşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be frozen fast? |
| Let someone… (present) | mengireşmege qoymaymamı?gireşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be frozen fast? | sengireşmege qoymaymısa?gireşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoymaymıdı?gireşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoymaybızmı?gireşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be frozen fast? | sizgireşmege qoymaymısız?gireşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoymaymıdıla?gireşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be frozen fast? |
| Let someone… (past) | mengireşmege qoydumgireşme qoydumI allowed someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoyduŋgireşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be frozen fast | olgireşmege qoydugireşme qoyduhe allowed someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoyduqgireşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoyduğuzgireşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be frozen fast | alagireşmege qoydulagireşme qoydulathey allowed someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (past) | mengireşmege qoymadımgireşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be frozen fast | sengireşmege qoymadıŋgireşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be frozen fast | olgireşmege qoymadıgireşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be frozen fast | bizgireşmege qoymadıqgireşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be frozen fast | sizgireşmege qoymadığızgireşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be frozen fast | alagireşmege qoymadılagireşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be frozen fast |
| Let someone… (past) | mengireşmege qoydummu?gireşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to be frozen fast? | sengireşmege qoyduŋmu?gireşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoydumu?gireşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoyduqmu?gireşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be frozen fast? | sizgireşmege qoyduğuzmu?gireşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoydulamı?gireşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be frozen fast? |
| Let someone… (past) | mengireşmege qoymadımmı?gireşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be frozen fast? | sengireşmege qoymadıŋmı?gireşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be frozen fast? | olgireşmege qoymadımı?gireşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be frozen fast? | bizgireşmege qoymadıqmı?gireşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be frozen fast? | sizgireşmege qoymadığızmı?gireşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be frozen fast? | alagireşmege qoymadılamı?gireşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be frozen fast? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
gireşalırğa be able to be frozen fast · gireşalmazğa be unable to be frozen fast
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mengireşalamaI can be frozen fast | sengireşalasayou can be frozen fast | olgireşaladıhe can be frozen fast | bizgireşalabızwe can be frozen fast | sizgireşalasızyou all can be frozen fast | alagireşaladılathey can be frozen fast |
| Ability — present | mengireşalmaymaI can't be frozen fast | sengireşalmaysayou can't be frozen fast | olgireşalmaydıhe can't be frozen fast | bizgireşalmaybızwe can't be frozen fast | sizgireşalmaysızyou all can't be frozen fast | alagireşalmaydılathey can't be frozen fast |
| Ability — present | mengireşalamamı? gireşalamıma?can I be frozen fast? | sengireşalamısa?can you be frozen fast? | olgireşalamıdı?can he be frozen fast? | bizgireşalabızmı? gireşalamıbız?can we be frozen fast? | sizgireşalamısız?can you all be frozen fast? | alagireşalamıdıla?can they be frozen fast? |
| Ability — present | mengireşalmaymamı? gireşalmaymıma?can't I be frozen fast? | sengireşalmaymısa?can't you be frozen fast? | olgireşalmaymıdı?can't he be frozen fast? | bizgireşalmaybızmı? gireşalmaymıbız?can't we be frozen fast? | sizgireşalmaymısız?can't you all be frozen fast? | alagireşalmaymıdıla?can't they be frozen fast? |
| Ability — if I can… | mengireşalsamif I can be frozen fast | sengireşalsaŋif you can be frozen fast | olgireşalsaif he can be frozen fast | bizgireşalsaqif we can be frozen fast | sizgireşalsağızif you all can be frozen fast | alagireşalsalaif they can be frozen fast |
| Ability — if I can… | mengireşalmasamif I can't be frozen fast | sengireşalmasaŋif you can't be frozen fast | olgireşalmasaif he can't be frozen fast | bizgireşalmasaqif we can't be frozen fast | sizgireşalmasağızif you all can't be frozen fast | alagireşalmasalaif they can't be frozen fast |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mengireşaldımI was able to be frozen fast | sengireşaldıŋyou were able to be frozen fast | olgireşaldıhe was able to be frozen fast | bizgireşaldıqwe were able to be frozen fast | sizgireşaldığızyou all were able to be frozen fast | alagireşaldılathey were able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — simple past | mengireşalmadımI could not be frozen fast | sengireşalmadıŋyou could not be frozen fast | olgireşalmadıhe could not be frozen fast | bizgireşalmadıqwe could not be frozen fast | sizgireşalmadığızyou all could not be frozen fast | alagireşalmadılathey could not be frozen fast |
| Ability — simple past | mengireşaldımmı?was I able to be frozen fast? | sengireşaldıŋmı?were you able to be frozen fast? | olgireşaldımı?was he able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşaldıqmı?were we able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşaldığızmı?were you all able to be frozen fast? | alagireşaldılamı?were they able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — simple past | mengireşalmadımmı?couldn't I be frozen fast? | sengireşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be frozen fast? | olgireşalmadımı?couldn't he be frozen fast? | bizgireşalmadıqmı?couldn't we be frozen fast? | sizgireşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be frozen fast? | alagireşalmadılamı?couldn't they be frozen fast? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mengireşalğanmaI have been able to be frozen fast | sengireşalğansayou have been able to be frozen fast | olgireşalğandıhe has been able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalğanbızwe have been able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalğansızyou all have been able to be frozen fast | alagireşalğandılathey have been able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mengireşalmağanmaI haven't been able to be frozen fast | sengireşalmağansayou haven't been able to be frozen fast | olgireşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be frozen fast | alagireşalmağandılathey haven't been able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mengireşalğanmamı? gireşalğanmıma?have I been able to be frozen fast? | sengireşalğanmısa?have you been able to be frozen fast? | olgireşalğanmıdı?has he been able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşalğanbızmı? gireşalğanmıbız?have we been able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşalğanmısız?have you all been able to be frozen fast? | alagireşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mengireşalmağanmamı? gireşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be frozen fast? | sengireşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be frozen fast? | olgireşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşalmağanbızmı? gireşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be frozen fast? | alagireşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — past perfect | mengireşalğan edimgireşalğanemI had been able to be frozen fast | sengireşalğan ediŋgireşalğaneŋyou had been able to be frozen fast | olgireşalğan edigireşalğanedhe had been able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalğan edikgireşalğanekwe had been able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalğan edigizgireşalğanegizyou all had been able to be frozen fast | alagireşalğan edilegireşalğanellethey had been able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — past perfect | mengireşalmağan edimgireşalmağanemI hadn't been able to be frozen fast | sengireşalmağan ediŋgireşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be frozen fast | olgireşalmağan edigireşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalmağan edikgireşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalmağan edigizgireşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be frozen fast | alagireşalmağan edilegireşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mengireşala edimgireşalaemI could be frozen fast | sengireşala ediŋgireşalaeŋyou could be frozen fast | olgireşala edigireşalaedhe could be frozen fast | bizgireşala edikgireşalaekwe could be frozen fast | sizgireşala edigizgireşalaegizyou all could be frozen fast | alagireşala edilegireşalaellethey could be frozen fast |
| Ability — past background | mengireşalmay edimgireşalmayemI could not be frozen fast | sengireşalmay ediŋgireşalmayeŋyou could not be frozen fast | olgireşalmay edigireşalmayedhe could not be frozen fast | bizgireşalmay edikgireşalmayekwe could not be frozen fast | sizgireşalmay edigizgireşalmayegizyou all could not be frozen fast | alagireşalmay edilegireşalmayellethey could not be frozen fast |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mengireşalırmaI will be able to be frozen fast | sengireşalırsayou will be able to be frozen fast | olgireşalırhe will be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalırbızwe will be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalırsızyou all will be able to be frozen fast | alagireşalırlathey will be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — future I | mengireşalmazmaI won't be able to be frozen fast | sengireşalmazsayou won't be able to be frozen fast | olgireşalmazhe won't be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalmazbızwe won't be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalmazsızyou all won't be able to be frozen fast | alagireşalmazlathey won't be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — future I | mengireşalırmamı? gireşalırmıma?will I be able to be frozen fast? | sengireşalırmısa?will you be able to be frozen fast? | olgireşalırmı?will he be able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşalırbızmı? gireşalırmıbız?will we be able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşalırmısız?will you all be able to be frozen fast? | alagireşalırlamı? gireşalırmıla?will they be able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — future I | mengireşalmazmamı? gireşalmazmıma?won't I be able to be frozen fast? | sengireşalmazmısa?won't you be able to be frozen fast? | olgireşalmazmı?won't he be able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşalmazbızmı? gireşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be frozen fast? | alagireşalmazlamı? gireşalmazmıla?won't they be able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — future II | mengireşallıqmaI am going to be able to be frozen fast | sengireşallıqsayou are going to be able to be frozen fast | olgireşallıqdıhe is going to be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşallıqbızwe are going to be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be frozen fast | alagireşallıqdılathey are going to be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — future II | mengireşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be frozen fast | sengireşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be frozen fast | olgireşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be frozen fast | alagireşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — future II | mengireşallıqmamı? gireşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be frozen fast? | sengireşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be frozen fast? | olgireşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşallıqbızmı? gireşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be frozen fast? | alagireşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — future II | mengireşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be frozen fast? | sengireşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be frozen fast? | olgireşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be frozen fast? | bizgireşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be frozen fast? | sizgireşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be frozen fast? | alagireşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be frozen fast? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mengireşalır edimgireşalır emI would be able to be frozen fast | sengireşalır ediŋgireşalır eŋyou would be able to be frozen fast | olgireşalır edigireşalır edhe would be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalır edikgireşalır ekwe would be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalır edigizgireşalır egizyou all would be able to be frozen fast | alagireşalır edilegireşalır ellethey would be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — would be able to… | mengireşalmaz edimgireşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be frozen fast | sengireşalmaz ediŋgireşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be frozen fast | olgireşalmaz edigireşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be frozen fast | bizgireşalmaz edikgireşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be frozen fast | sizgireşalmaz edigizgireşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be frozen fast | alagireşalmaz edilegireşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be frozen fast |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sengireşalğıngireşalğımay you be able to be frozen fast | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sengireşalmağıngireşalmağımay you not be able to be frozen fast | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mengireşirge izleymeI want to be frozen fast | sengireşirge izleyseyou want to be frozen fast | olgireşirge izleydihe wants to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge izleybizwe want to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge izleysizyou all want to be frozen fast | alagireşirge izleydilethey want to be frozen fast |
| want to | mengireşirge izlemeymeI do not want to be frozen fast | sengireşirge izlemeyseyou do not want to be frozen fast | olgireşirge izlemeydihe does not want to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge izlemeybizwe do not want to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to be frozen fast | alagireşirge izlemeydilethey do not want to be frozen fast |
| would like to | mengireşirge süemeI would like to be frozen fast | sengireşirge süeseyou would like to be frozen fast | olgireşirge süedihe would like to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge süebizwe would like to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge süesizyou all would like to be frozen fast | alagireşirge süedilethey would like to be frozen fast |
| would like to | mengireşirge süymeymeI would not like to be frozen fast | sengireşirge süymeyseyou would not like to be frozen fast | olgireşirge süymeydihe would not like to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge süymeybizwe would not like to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge süymeysizyou all would not like to be frozen fast | alagireşirge süymeydilethey would not like to be frozen fast |
| hope to | mengireşirge umutlanamaI hope to be frozen fast | sengireşirge umutlanasayou hope to be frozen fast | olgireşirge umutlanadıhe hopes to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge umutlanabızwe hope to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge umutlanasızyou all hope to be frozen fast | alagireşirge umutlanadılathey hope to be frozen fast |
| hope to | mengireşirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be frozen fast | sengireşirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be frozen fast | olgireşirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be frozen fast | alagireşirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be frozen fast |
| be about to | mengireşirge deb turamaI am about to be frozen fast | sengireşirge deb turasayou are about to be frozen fast | olgireşirge deb turadıhe is about to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge deb turabızwe are about to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge deb turasızyou all are about to be frozen fast | alagireşirge deb turadılathey are about to be frozen fast |
| be about to | mengireşirge deb turmaymaI am not about to be frozen fast | sengireşirge deb turmaysayou are not about to be frozen fast | olgireşirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be frozen fast | alagireşirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to be frozen fast |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mengireşirge kerekmeI need to be frozen fast | sengireşirge kerekseyou need to be frozen fast | olgireşirge kerekdihe needs to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge kerekbizwe need to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge kereksizyou all need to be frozen fast | alagireşirge kerekdilethey need to be frozen fast |
| need to | mengireşirge kerek tülmeI do not need to be frozen fast | sengireşirge kerek tülseyou do not need to be frozen fast | olgireşirge kerek tüldühe does not need to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be frozen fast | alagireşirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to be frozen fast |
| have to | menmenŋe gireşirge tüşediI have to be frozen fast | sensenŋe gireşirge tüşediyou have to be frozen fast | olaŋa gireşirge tüşedihe has to be frozen fast | bizbizge gireşirge tüşediwe have to be frozen fast | sizsizge gireşirge tüşediyou all have to be frozen fast | alaalağa gireşirge tüşedithey have to be frozen fast |
| have to | menmenŋe gireşirge tüşmeydiI do not have to be frozen fast | sensenŋe gireşirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to be frozen fast | olaŋa gireşirge tüşmeydihe does not have to be frozen fast | bizbizge gireşirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to be frozen fast | sizsizge gireşirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be frozen fast | alaalağa gireşirge tüşmeydithey do not have to be frozen fast |
| be obliged to | mengireşirge borçlumaI am obliged to be frozen fast | sengireşirge borçlusayou are obliged to be frozen fast | olgireşirge borçluduhe is obliged to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be frozen fast | alagireşirge borçludulathey are obliged to be frozen fast |
| be obliged to | mengireşirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be frozen fast | sengireşirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be frozen fast | olgireşirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be frozen fast | alagireşirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be frozen fast |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mengireşirge madarım bardıI have a way to be frozen fast | sengireşirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be frozen fast | olgireşirge madarı bardıhe has a way to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be frozen fast | alagireşirge madarları bardıthey have a way to be frozen fast |
| have a way to | mengireşirge madarım joqduI have no way to be frozen fast | sengireşirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be frozen fast | olgireşirge madarı joqduhe has no way to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be frozen fast | alagireşirge madarları joqduthey have no way to be frozen fast |
| be free to | mengireşirge erkinligim bardıI am free to be frozen fast | sengireşirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be frozen fast | olgireşirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be frozen fast | alagireşirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be frozen fast |
| be free to | mengireşirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to be frozen fast | sengireşirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be frozen fast | olgireşirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be frozen fast | alagireşirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be frozen fast |
| be possible to | menmenŋe gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for me to be frozen fast | sensenŋe gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for you to be frozen fast | olaŋa gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for him to be frozen fast | bizbizge gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for us to be frozen fast | sizsizge gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to be frozen fast | alaalağa gireşirge bolluqduit is possible for them to be frozen fast |
| be possible to | menmenŋe gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be frozen fast | sensenŋe gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be frozen fast | olaŋa gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be frozen fast | bizbizge gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be frozen fast | sizsizge gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be frozen fast | alaalağa gireşirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be frozen fast |
| be ready to | mengireşirge hazırmaI am ready to be frozen fast | sengireşirge hazırsayou are ready to be frozen fast | olgireşirge hazırdıhe is ready to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge hazırbızwe are ready to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge hazırsızyou all are ready to be frozen fast | alagireşirge hazırdılathey are ready to be frozen fast |
| be ready to | mengireşirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to be frozen fast | sengireşirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to be frozen fast | olgireşirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be frozen fast | alagireşirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be frozen fast |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mengireşirge küreşemeI am trying to be frozen fast | sengireşirge küreşeseyou are trying to be frozen fast | olgireşirge küreşedihe is trying to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge küreşebizwe are trying to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge küreşesizyou all are trying to be frozen fast | alagireşirge küreşedilethey are trying to be frozen fast |
| try to | mengireşirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to be frozen fast | sengireşirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be frozen fast | olgireşirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be frozen fast | alagireşirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be frozen fast |
| agree to | mengireşirge unaymaI agree to be frozen fast | sengireşirge unaysayou agree to be frozen fast | olgireşirge unaydıhe agrees to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge unaybızwe agree to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge unaysızyou all agree to be frozen fast | alagireşirge unaydılathey agree to be frozen fast |
| agree to | mengireşirge unamaymaI refuse to be frozen fast | sengireşirge unamaysayou refuse to be frozen fast | olgireşirge unamaydıhe refuses to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge unamaybızwe refuse to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge unamaysızyou all refuse to be frozen fast | alagireşirge unamaydılathey refuse to be frozen fast |
| hurry to | mengireşirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to be frozen fast | sengireşirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to be frozen fast | olgireşirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be frozen fast | alagireşirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be frozen fast |
| hurry to | mengireşirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be frozen fast | sengireşirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be frozen fast | olgireşirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be frozen fast | alagireşirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be frozen fast |
| be afraid to | mengireşirge qorqamaI am afraid to be frozen fast | sengireşirge qorqasayou are afraid to be frozen fast | olgireşirge qorqadıhe is afraid to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge qorqabızwe are afraid to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to be frozen fast | alagireşirge qorqadılathey are afraid to be frozen fast |
| be afraid to | mengireşirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be frozen fast | sengireşirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be frozen fast | olgireşirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be frozen fast | bizgireşirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be frozen fast | sizgireşirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be frozen fast | alagireşirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be frozen fast |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mengireşe bolmazmaI can't be being frozen fast | sengireşe bolmazsayou can't be being frozen fast | olgireşe bolmazhe can't be being frozen fast | bizgireşe bolmazbızwe can't be being frozen fast | sizgireşe bolmazsızyou all can't be being frozen fast | alagireşe bolmazlathey can't be being frozen fast |
| Inference, present — double negation | mengireşmey bolmazmaI must be being frozen fast (emphatic) | sengireşmey bolmazsayou must be being frozen fast (emphatic) | olgireşmey bolmazhe must be being frozen fast (emphatic) | bizgireşmey bolmazbızwe must be being frozen fast (emphatic) | sizgireşmey bolmazsızyou all must be being frozen fast (emphatic) | alagireşmey bolmazlathey must be being frozen fast (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mengireşe turmasamif I don't keep being frozen fast | sengireşe turmasaŋif you don't keep being frozen fast | olgireşe turmasaif he doesn't keep being frozen fast | bizgireşe turmasaqif we don't keep being frozen fast | sizgireşe turmasağızif you all don't keep being frozen fast | alagireşe turmasalaif they don't keep being frozen fast |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mengireşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being frozen fast | sengireşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being frozen fast | olgireşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being frozen fast | bizgireşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being frozen fast | sizgireşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being frozen fast | alagireşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being frozen fast |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mengireşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) | sengireşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) | olgireşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) | bizgireşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) | sizgireşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) | alagireşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being frozen fast (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mengireşmey turamaI keep on not being frozen fast | sengireşmey turasayou keep on not being frozen fast | olgireşmey turadıhe keeps on not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey turabızwe keep on not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey turasızyou all keep on not being frozen fast | alagireşmey turadılathey keep on not being frozen fast |
| Progressive — double negation | mengireşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not being frozen fast | sengireşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not being frozen fast | olgireşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being frozen fast | bizgireşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being frozen fast | sizgireşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being frozen fast | alagireşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being frozen fast |
| Progressive — double negation | mengireşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being frozen fast? | sengireşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being frozen fast? | olgireşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being frozen fast? | bizgireşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being frozen fast? | sizgireşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being frozen fast? | alagireşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being frozen fast? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mengireşgen bolmazmaI can't have been frozen fast | sengireşgen bolmazsayou can't have been frozen fast | olgireşgen bolmazhe can't have been frozen fast | bizgireşgen bolmazbızwe can't have been frozen fast | sizgireşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have been frozen fast | alagireşgen bolmazlathey can't have been frozen fast |
| Inference — double negation | mengireşmegen bolmazmaI must have been frozen fast (emphatic) | sengireşmegen bolmazsayou must have been frozen fast (emphatic) | olgireşmegen bolmazhe must have been frozen fast (emphatic) | bizgireşmegen bolmazbızwe must have been frozen fast (emphatic) | sizgireşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have been frozen fast (emphatic) | alagireşmegen bolmazlathey must have been frozen fast (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mengireşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had been frozen fast | sengireşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been frozen fast | olgireşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had been frozen fast | bizgireşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been frozen fast | sizgireşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been frozen fast | alagireşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been frozen fast |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mengireşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been frozen fast | sengireşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been frozen fast | olgireşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been frozen fast | bizgireşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been frozen fast | sizgireşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been frozen fast | alagireşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been frozen fast |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mengireşirik bolmazmaI can't be going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik bolmazsayou can't be going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik bolmazhe can't be going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik bolmazbızwe can't be going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik bolmazlathey can't be going to be frozen fast |
| Inference, future — double negation | mengireşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) | sengireşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) | olgireşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) | bizgireşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) | sizgireşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) | alagireşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to be frozen fast (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mengireşirik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be frozen fast | sengireşirik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be frozen fast | olgireşirik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be frozen fast | bizgireşirik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be frozen fast | sizgireşirik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be frozen fast | alagireşirik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be frozen fast |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mengireşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be frozen fast | sengireşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be frozen fast | olgireşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be frozen fast | bizgireşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be frozen fast | sizgireşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be frozen fast | alagireşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be frozen fast |