çuwana
/tʃuwana/
Definitions
1. an elevation, a raised place in the ground
- çuwanağa çığarırğa — to raise onto an elevation
- çuwananı başında tohtadı — he stopped on top of the rise
- çuwanadan qararğa — to look out from the rise
2. entirely cloudless, clear
- tawnu başı çuwana — the top of the mountain is clear
- çuwana kök — a cloudless sky
- bügün kök çuwanadı — today the sky is entirely cloudless
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or .As a noun
Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | çuwanathe elevation | çuwanalathe elevations | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | çuwananıthe elevation's | çuwanalanıthe elevations' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | çuwananıthe elevation (as the object) | çuwanalanıthe elevations (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | çuwanağato the elevation | çuwanalağato the elevations | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | çuwanadaat / in the elevation | çuwanaladaat / in the elevations | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | çuwanadanfrom the elevation | çuwanaladanfrom the elevations | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | çuwanammy elevation | çuwanalarımmy elevations |
| your | çuwanangyour elevation | çuwanalarıngyour elevations |
| his / her | çuwanasıhis / her elevation | çuwanalarıhis / her elevations |
| our | çuwanabızour elevation | çuwanalarıbızour elevations |
| you all's | çuwanağızyou all's elevation | çuwanalarığızyou all's elevations |
| their | çuwanalarıtheir elevation | çuwanalarıtheir elevations |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: çuwanaları can mean "his / her elevations", "their elevation", or "their elevations" — context decides.
As an adjective
Saying it about something
| One thing | Several | |
|---|---|---|
| this / these | bu çuwanadıthis is cloudless | bıla çuwanadılathese are cloudless |
| that / those | ol çuwanadıthat / it is cloudless | ala çuwanadılathose / they are cloudless |
| mine | meniki çuwanadımine is cloudless | menikile çuwanadılamine are cloudless |
| yours | seniki çuwanadıyours is cloudless | senikile çuwanadılayours are cloudless |
| ours | bizniki çuwanadıours is cloudless | biznikile çuwanadılaours are cloudless |