butalırğa
/butalɯrʁa/
1. be lopped, be chopped down, be pruned
- terekle butaldıla — the trees were pruned
- terekle butalğandı — the trees have been pruned
- terekle alamat igi butalğandıla — the trees have been pruned very well
- butaqla butaladıla — the branches are being lopped
- terek butaldı — the tree was chopped down
- jazda butalırğa — to be pruned in spring
2. be cut, be hacked, be slashed, be gashed — Usually of cutting with a knife or other blade.
- bıçaq bla butalırğa — to be cut with a knife
- qolu butaldı — his hand was gashed
- et bıçaq bla butaladı — the meat is cut up with a knife
Conjugation
Common forms
- butaladıhe is being lopped
- butaldıhe was lopped
- butalğandıhe has been lopped
- butalırhe will be lopped
- butallıqdıhe is going to be lopped
- butala edihe was being lopped
- butalsaif he is lopped
- butal!be lopped!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutalamaI am being lopped | senbutalasayou are being lopped | olbutaladıhe is being lopped | bizbutalabızwe are being lopped | sizbutalasızyou all are being lopped | alabutaladılathey are being lopped |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutalmaymaI am not being lopped | senbutalmaysayou are not being lopped | olbutalmaydıhe is not being lopped | bizbutalmaybızwe are not being lopped | sizbutalmaysızyou all are not being lopped | alabutalmaydılathey are not being lopped |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutalamamı? butalamıma?am I being lopped? | senbutalamısa?are you being lopped? | olbutalamıdı?is he being lopped? | bizbutalabızmı? butalamıbız?are we being lopped? | sizbutalamısız?are you all being lopped? | alabutalamıdıla?are they being lopped? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutalmaymamı? butalmaymıma?aren't I being lopped? | senbutalmaymısa?aren't you being lopped? | olbutalmaymıdı?isn't he being lopped? | bizbutalmaybızmı? butalmaymıbız?aren't we being lopped? | sizbutalmaymısız?aren't you all being lopped? | alabutalmaymıdıla?aren't they being lopped? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutalıwçanmaI am usually lopped | senbutalıwçansayou are usually lopped | olbutalıwçandıhe is usually lopped | bizbutalıwçanbızwe are usually lopped | sizbutalıwçansızyou all are usually lopped | alabutalıwçandılathey are usually lopped |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutalmawçanmaI am usually not lopped | senbutalmawçansayou are usually not lopped | olbutalmawçandıhe is usually not lopped | bizbutalmawçanbızwe are usually not lopped | sizbutalmawçansızyou all are usually not lopped | alabutalmawçandılathey are usually not lopped |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutalıwçanmamı? butalıwçanmıma?am I usually lopped? | senbutalıwçanmısa?are you usually lopped? | olbutalıwçanmıdı?is he usually lopped? | bizbutalıwçanbızmı? butalıwçanmıbız?are we usually lopped? | sizbutalıwçanmısız?are you all usually lopped? | alabutalıwçanmıdıla?are they usually lopped? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutalmawçanmamı? butalmawçanmıma?am I usually not lopped? | senbutalmawçanmısa?are you usually not lopped? | olbutalmawçanmıdı?is he usually not lopped? | bizbutalmawçanbızmı? butalmawçanmıbız?are we usually not lopped? | sizbutalmawçanmısız?are you all usually not lopped? | alabutalmawçanmıdıla?are they usually not lopped? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbutalıbdıhe has been lopped and remains so | alabutalıbdılathey have been lopped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbutalıbmıdı?has he been lopped? | alabutalıbmıdıla?have they been lopped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutalıb turamaI remain lopped | senbutalıb turasayou remain lopped | olbutalıb turadıhe remains lopped | bizbutalıb turabızwe remain lopped | sizbutalıb turasızyou all remain lopped | alabutalıb turadılathey remain lopped |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutalıb turmaymaI don't remain lopped | senbutalıb turmaysayou don't remain lopped | olbutalıb turmaydıhe doesn't remain lopped | bizbutalıb turmaybızwe don't remain lopped | sizbutalıb turmaysızyou all don't remain lopped | alabutalıb turmaydılathey don't remain lopped |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutalıb turamamı? butalıb turamıma?do I remain lopped? | senbutalıb turamısa?do you remain lopped? | olbutalıb turamıdı?does he remain lopped? | bizbutalıb turabızmı? butalıb turamıbız?do we remain lopped? | sizbutalıb turamısız?do you all remain lopped? | alabutalıb turamıdıla?do they remain lopped? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutalıb turmaymamı? butalıb turmaymıma?don't I remain lopped? | senbutalıb turmaymısa?don't you remain lopped? | olbutalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain lopped? | bizbutalıb turmaybızmı? butalıb turmaymıbız?don't we remain lopped? | sizbutalıb turmaymısız?don't you all remain lopped? | alabutalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they remain lopped? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutala turamaI am in the middle of being lopped | senbutala turasayou are in the middle of being lopped | olbutala turadıhe is in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala turabızwe are in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala turasızyou all are in the middle of being lopped | alabutala turadılathey are in the middle of being lopped |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutala turmaymaI am not in the middle of being lopped | senbutala turmaysayou are not in the middle of being lopped | olbutala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being lopped | alabutala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being lopped |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutala turamamı? butala turamıma?am I in the middle of being lopped? | senbutala turamısa?are you in the middle of being lopped? | olbutala turamıdı?is he in the middle of being lopped? | bizbutala turabızmı? butala turamıbız?are we in the middle of being lopped? | sizbutala turamısız?are you all in the middle of being lopped? | alabutala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being lopped? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutala turmaymamı? butala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being lopped? | senbutala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being lopped? | olbutala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being lopped? | bizbutala turmaybızmı? butala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being lopped? | sizbutala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being lopped? | alabutala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being lopped? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutaldımI was lopped | senbutaldıŋyou were lopped | olbutaldıhe was lopped | bizbutaldıqwe were lopped | sizbutaldığızyou all were lopped | alabutaldılathey were lopped |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutalmadımI wasn't lopped | senbutalmadıŋyou weren't lopped | olbutalmadıhe wasn't lopped | bizbutalmadıqwe weren't lopped | sizbutalmadığızyou all weren't lopped | alabutalmadılathey weren't lopped |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutaldımmı?was I lopped? | senbutaldıŋmı?were you lopped? | olbutaldımı?was he lopped? | bizbutaldıqmı?were we lopped? | sizbutaldığızmı?were you all lopped? | alabutaldılamı?were they lopped? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutalmadımmı?wasn't I lopped? | senbutalmadıŋmı?weren't you lopped? | olbutalmadımı?wasn't he lopped? | bizbutalmadıqmı?weren't we lopped? | sizbutalmadığızmı?weren't you all lopped? | alabutalmadılamı?weren't they lopped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutalğanmaI have been lopped | senbutalğansayou have been lopped | olbutalğandıhe has been lopped | bizbutalğanbızwe have been lopped | sizbutalğansızyou all have been lopped | alabutalğandılathey have been lopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutalmağanmaI haven't been lopped | senbutalmağansayou haven't been lopped | olbutalmağandıhe hasn't been lopped | bizbutalmağanbızwe haven't been lopped | sizbutalmağansızyou all haven't been lopped | alabutalmağandılathey haven't been lopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutalğanmamı? butalğanmıma?have I been lopped? | senbutalğanmısa?have you been lopped? | olbutalğanmıdı?has he been lopped? | bizbutalğanbızmı? butalğanmıbız?have we been lopped? | sizbutalğanmısız?have you all been lopped? | alabutalğanmıdıla?have they been lopped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutalmağanmamı? butalmağanmıma?haven't I been lopped? | senbutalmağanmısa?haven't you been lopped? | olbutalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been lopped? | bizbutalmağanbızmı? butalmağanmıbız?haven't we been lopped? | sizbutalmağanmısız?haven't you all been lopped? | alabutalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been lopped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbutalıb turdumI remained lopped | senbutalıb turduŋyou remained lopped | olbutalıb turduhe remained lopped | bizbutalıb turduqwe remained lopped | sizbutalıb turduğuzyou all remained lopped | alabutalıb turdulathey remained lopped |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbutalıb turmadımI didn't remain lopped | senbutalıb turmadıŋyou didn't remain lopped | olbutalıb turmadıhe didn't remain lopped | bizbutalıb turmadıqwe didn't remain lopped | sizbutalıb turmadığızyou all didn't remain lopped | alabutalıb turmadılathey didn't remain lopped |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutalırmaI will be lopped | senbutalırsayou will be lopped | olbutalırhe will be lopped | bizbutalırbızwe will be lopped | sizbutalırsızyou all will be lopped | alabutalırlathey will be lopped |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutalmazmaI won't be lopped | senbutalmazsayou won't be lopped | olbutalmazhe won't be lopped | bizbutalmazbızwe won't be lopped | sizbutalmazsızyou all won't be lopped | alabutalmazlathey won't be lopped |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutalırmamı? butalırmıma?will I be lopped? | senbutalırmısa?will you be lopped? | olbutalırmı?will he be lopped? | bizbutalırbızmı? butalırmıbız?will we be lopped? | sizbutalırmısız?will you all be lopped? | alabutalırlamı? butalırmıla?will they be lopped? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutalmazmamı? butalmazmıma?won't I be lopped? | senbutalmazmısa?won't you be lopped? | olbutalmazmı?won't he be lopped? | bizbutalmazbızmı? butalmazmıbız?won't we be lopped? | sizbutalmazmısız?won't you all be lopped? | alabutalmazlamı? butalmazmıla?won't they be lopped? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutallıqmaI am going to be lopped | senbutallıqsayou are going to be lopped | olbutallıqdıhe is going to be lopped | bizbutallıqbızwe are going to be lopped | sizbutallıqsızyou all are going to be lopped | alabutallıqdılathey are going to be lopped |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutallıq tülmeI am not going to be lopped | senbutallıq tülseyou are not going to be lopped | olbutallıq tüldühe is not going to be lopped | bizbutallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be lopped | sizbutallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be lopped | alabutallıq tüldülethey are not going to be lopped |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutallıqmamı? butallıqmıma?am I going to be lopped? | senbutallıqmısa?are you going to be lopped? | olbutallıqmıdı?is he going to be lopped? | bizbutallıqbızmı? butallıqmıbız?are we going to be lopped? | sizbutallıqmısız?are you all going to be lopped? | alabutallıqmıdıla?are they going to be lopped? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be lopped? | senbutallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be lopped? | olbutallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be lopped? | bizbutallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be lopped? | sizbutallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be lopped? | alabutallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be lopped? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbutalğan edimbutalğanemI had been lopped | senbutalğan ediŋbutalğaneŋyou had been lopped | olbutalğan edibutalğanedhe had been lopped | bizbutalğan edikbutalğanekwe had been lopped | sizbutalğan edigizbutalğanegizyou all had been lopped | alabutalğan edilebutalğanellethey had been lopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbutalmağan edimbutalmağanemI hadn't been lopped | senbutalmağan ediŋbutalmağaneŋyou hadn't been lopped | olbutalmağan edibutalmağanedhe hadn't been lopped | bizbutalmağan edikbutalmağanekwe hadn't been lopped | sizbutalmağan edigizbutalmağanegizyou all hadn't been lopped | alabutalmağan edilebutalmağanellethey hadn't been lopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbutala edimbutalaemI was being lopped | senbutala ediŋbutalaeŋyou were being lopped | olbutala edibutalaedhe was being lopped | bizbutala edikbutalaekwe were being lopped | sizbutala edigizbutalaegizyou all were being lopped | alabutala edilebutalaellethey were being lopped |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbutalmay edimbutalmayemI wasn't being lopped | senbutalmay ediŋbutalmayeŋyou weren't being lopped | olbutalmay edibutalmayedhe wasn't being lopped | bizbutalmay edikbutalmayekwe weren't being lopped | sizbutalmay edigizbutalmayegizyou all weren't being lopped | alabutalmay edilebutalmayellethey weren't being lopped |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbutalıwçan edimbutalıwçanemI used to be lopped | senbutalıwçan ediŋbutalıwçaneŋyou used to be lopped | olbutalıwçan edibutalıwçanedhe used to be lopped | bizbutalıwçan edikbutalıwçanekwe used to be lopped | sizbutalıwçan edigizbutalıwçanegizyou all used to be lopped | alabutalıwçan edilebutalıwçanellethey used to be lopped |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbutalmawçan edimbutalmawçanemI didn't use to be lopped | senbutalmawçan ediŋbutalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to be lopped | olbutalmawçan edibutalmawçanedhe didn't use to be lopped | bizbutalmawçan edikbutalmawçanekwe didn't use to be lopped | sizbutalmawçan edigizbutalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to be lopped | alabutalmawçan edilebutalmawçanellethey didn't use to be lopped |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbutalıb edihe had been lopped and remained so | alabutalıb edilethey had been lopped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbutalıb tül edihe hadn't been lopped | alabutalıb tül edilethey hadn't been lopped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbutalıb tura edimbutalıb turaemI had remained lopped | senbutalıb tura ediŋbutalıb turaeŋyou had remained lopped | olbutalıb tura edibutalıb turaedhe had remained lopped | bizbutalıb tura edikbutalıb turaekwe had remained lopped | sizbutalıb tura edigizbutalıb turaegizyou all had remained lopped | alabutalıb tura edilebutalıb turaellethey had remained lopped |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbutalıb turmay edimbutalıb turmayemI hadn't remained lopped | senbutalıb turmay ediŋbutalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't remained lopped | olbutalıb turmay edibutalıb turmayedhe hadn't remained lopped | bizbutalıb turmay edikbutalıb turmayekwe hadn't remained lopped | sizbutalıb turmay edigizbutalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't remained lopped | alabutalıb turmay edilebutalıb turmayellethey hadn't remained lopped |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbutala tura edimbutala turaemI was in the middle of being lopped | senbutala tura ediŋbutala turaeŋyou were in the middle of being lopped | olbutala tura edibutala turaedhe was in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala tura edikbutala turaekwe were in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala tura edigizbutala turaegizyou all were in the middle of being lopped | alabutala tura edilebutala turaellethey were in the middle of being lopped |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbutala turmay edimbutala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being lopped | senbutala turmay ediŋbutala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being lopped | olbutala turmay edibutala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala turmay edikbutala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala turmay edigizbutala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being lopped | alabutala turmay edilebutala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being lopped |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbutalır edimbutalır emI would be lopped | senbutalır ediŋbutalır eŋyou would be lopped | olbutalır edibutalır edhe would be lopped | bizbutalır edikbutalır ekwe would be lopped | sizbutalır edigizbutalır egizyou all would be lopped | alabutalır edilebutalır ellethey would be lopped |
| Conditional result (would) | menbutalmaz edimbutalmaz emI wouldn't be lopped | senbutalmaz ediŋbutalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be lopped | olbutalmaz edibutalmaz edhe wouldn't be lopped | bizbutalmaz edikbutalmaz ekwe wouldn't be lopped | sizbutalmaz edigizbutalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be lopped | alabutalmaz edilebutalmaz ellethey wouldn't be lopped |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbutallıq edimbutallıq emI would have been lopped | senbutallıq ediŋbutallıq eŋyou would have been lopped | olbutallıq edibutallıq edhe would have been lopped | bizbutallıq edikbutallıq ekwe would have been lopped | sizbutallıq edigizbutallıq egizyou all would have been lopped | alabutallıq edilebutallıq ellethey would have been lopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbutallıq tül edimbutallıq tül emI wouldn't have been lopped | senbutallıq tül ediŋbutallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have been lopped | olbutallıq tül edibutallıq tül edhe wouldn't have been lopped | bizbutallıq tül edikbutallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have been lopped | sizbutallıq tül edigizbutallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have been lopped | alabutallıq tül edilebutallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have been lopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbutalsamif I am lopped | senbutalsaŋif you are lopped | olbutalsaif he is lopped | bizbutalsaqif we are lopped | sizbutalsağızif you all are lopped | alabutalsalaif they are lopped |
| Conditional | menbutalmasamif I am not lopped | senbutalmasaŋif you are not lopped | olbutalmasaif he is not lopped | bizbutalmasaqif we are not lopped | sizbutalmasağızif you all are not lopped | alabutalmasalaif they are not lopped |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbutala esemif I am being lopped | senbutala eseŋif you are being lopped | olbutala eseif he is being lopped | bizbutala esekif we are being lopped | sizbutala esegizif you all are being lopped | alabutala eseleif they are being lopped |
| Conditional, present real | menbutalmay esemif I am not being lopped | senbutalmay eseŋif you are not being lopped | olbutalmay eseif he is not being lopped | bizbutalmay esekif we are not being lopped | sizbutalmay esegizif you all are not being lopped | alabutalmay eseleif they are not being lopped |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbutalsam edibutalsam edif only I was lopped | senbutalsaŋ edibutalsaŋ edif only you was lopped | olbutalsa edibutalsaedif only he was lopped | bizbutalsaq edibutalsaq edif only we was lopped | sizbutalsağız edibutalsağız edif only you all was lopped | alabutalsala edibutalsalaedif only they was lopped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbutalmasam edibutalmasam edif only I didn't be lopped | senbutalmasaŋ edibutalmasaŋ edif only you didn't be lopped | olbutalmasa edibutalmasaedif only he didn't be lopped | bizbutalmasaq edibutalmasaq edif only we didn't be lopped | sizbutalmasağız edibutalmasağız edif only you all didn't be lopped | alabutalmasala edibutalmasalaedif only they didn't be lopped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbutalıb tursamif I remain lopped | senbutalıb tursaŋif you remain lopped | olbutalıb tursaif he remains lopped | bizbutalıb tursaqif we remain lopped | sizbutalıb tursağızif you all remain lopped | alabutalıb tursalaif they remain lopped |
| Durative conditional | menbutalıb turmasamif I don't remain lopped | senbutalıb turmasaŋif you don't remain lopped | olbutalıb turmasaif he doesn't remain lopped | bizbutalıb turmasaqif we don't remain lopped | sizbutalıb turmasağızif you all don't remain lopped | alabutalıb turmasalaif they don't remain lopped |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbutalıb tura esemif I have remained lopped | senbutalıb tura eseŋif you have remained lopped | olbutalıb tura eseif he has remained lopped | bizbutalıb tura esekif we have remained lopped | sizbutalıb tura esegizif you all have remained lopped | alabutalıb tura eseleif they have remained lopped |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbutalıb turmay esemif I haven't remained lopped | senbutalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't remained lopped | olbutalıb turmay eseif he hasn't remained lopped | bizbutalıb turmay esekif we haven't remained lopped | sizbutalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't remained lopped | alabutalıb turmay eseleif they haven't remained lopped |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbutala tursamif I keep being lopped | senbutala tursaŋif you keep being lopped | olbutala tursaif he keeps being lopped | bizbutala tursaqif we keep being lopped | sizbutala tursağızif you all keep being lopped | alabutala tursalaif they keep being lopped |
| Progressive conditional | menbutalmay tursamif I keep on not being lopped | senbutalmay tursaŋif you keep on not being lopped | olbutalmay tursaif he keeps on not being lopped | bizbutalmay tursaqif we keep on not being lopped | sizbutalmay tursağızif you all keep on not being lopped | alabutalmay tursalaif they keep on not being lopped |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbutala tura esemif I am in the middle of being lopped | senbutala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being lopped | olbutala tura eseif he is in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala tura esekif we are in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being lopped | alabutala tura eseleif they are in the middle of being lopped |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbutalmay tura esemif I keep on not being lopped | senbutalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not being lopped | olbutalmay tura eseif he keeps on not being lopped | bizbutalmay tura esekif we keep on not being lopped | sizbutalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not being lopped | alabutalmay tura eseleif they keep on not being lopped |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbutaldım esemif I was lopped | senbutaldıŋ eseŋif you were lopped | olbutaldı eseif he was lopped | bizbutaldıq esekif we were lopped | sizbutaldığız esegizif you all were lopped | alabutaldıla eseleif they were lopped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbutalmadım esemif I wasn't lopped | senbutalmadıŋ eseŋif you weren't lopped | olbutalmadı eseif he wasn't lopped | bizbutalmadıq esekif we weren't lopped | sizbutalmadığız esegizif you all weren't lopped | alabutalmadıla eseleif they weren't lopped |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbutalğan esemif I was lopped (indeed) | senbutalğan eseŋif you were lopped (indeed) | olbutalğan eseif he was lopped (indeed) | bizbutalğan esekif we were lopped (indeed) | sizbutalğan esegizif you all were lopped (indeed) | alabutalğan eseleif they were lopped (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbutalmağan esemif I wasn't lopped (indeed) | senbutalmağan eseŋif you weren't lopped (indeed) | olbutalmağan eseif he wasn't lopped (indeed) | bizbutalmağan esekif we weren't lopped (indeed) | sizbutalmağan esegizif you all weren't lopped (indeed) | alabutalmağan eseleif they weren't lopped (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbutalğan bolsamif I had been lopped | senbutalğan bolsaŋif you had been lopped | olbutalğan bolsaif he had been lopped | bizbutalğan bolsaqif we had been lopped | sizbutalğan bolsağızif you all had been lopped | alabutalğan bolsalaif they had been lopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbutalmağan bolsamif I hadn't been lopped | senbutalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't been lopped | olbutalmağan bolsaif he hadn't been lopped | bizbutalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't been lopped | sizbutalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't been lopped | alabutalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't been lopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbutalğan bolsam edibutalğan bolsam edif only I had been lopped | senbutalğan bolsaŋ edibutalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had been lopped | olbutalğan bolsa edibutalğan bolsaedif only he had been lopped | bizbutalğan bolsaq edibutalğan bolsaq edif only we had been lopped | sizbutalğan bolsağız edibutalğan bolsağız edif only you all had been lopped | alabutalğan bolsala edibutalğan bolsalaedif only they had been lopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbutalmağan bolsam edibutalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't been lopped | senbutalmağan bolsaŋ edibutalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been lopped | olbutalmağan bolsa edibutalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't been lopped | bizbutalmağan bolsaq edibutalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't been lopped | sizbutalmağan bolsağız edibutalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been lopped | alabutalmağan bolsala edibutalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't been lopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbutalır esemif I will be lopped | senbutalır eseŋif you will be lopped | olbutalır eseif he will be lopped | bizbutalır esekif we will be lopped | sizbutalır esegizif you all will be lopped | alabutalır eseleif they will be lopped |
| Conditional, aorist | menbutalmaz esemif I won't be lopped | senbutalmaz eseŋif you won't be lopped | olbutalmaz eseif he won't be lopped | bizbutalmaz esekif we won't be lopped | sizbutalmaz esegizif you all won't be lopped | alabutalmaz eseleif they won't be lopped |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbutallıq esemif I am going to be lopped | senbutallıq eseŋif you are going to be lopped | olbutallıq eseif he is going to be lopped | bizbutallıq esekif we are going to be lopped | sizbutallıq esegizif you all are going to be lopped | alabutallıq eseleif they are going to be lopped |
| Conditional, future | menbutallıq tül esemif I am not going to be lopped | senbutallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to be lopped | olbutallıq tül eseif he is not going to be lopped | bizbutallıq tül esekif we are not going to be lopped | sizbutallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to be lopped | alabutallıq tül eseleif they are not going to be lopped |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbutallıq bolsamif I were going to be lopped | senbutallıq bolsaŋif you were going to be lopped | olbutallıq bolsaif he were going to be lopped | bizbutallıq bolsaqif we were going to be lopped | sizbutallıq bolsağızif you all were going to be lopped | alabutallıq bolsalaif they were going to be lopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbutalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to be lopped | senbutalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to be lopped | olbutalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to be lopped | bizbutalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to be lopped | sizbutalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to be lopped | alabutalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to be lopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso butaldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbutala bolurmaI must be being lopped | senbutala bolursayou must be being lopped | olbutala bolurhe must be being lopped | bizbutala bolurbuzwe must be being lopped | sizbutala bolursuzyou all must be being lopped | alabutala bolurlathey must be being lopped |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbutalmay bolurmaI must not be being lopped | senbutalmay bolursayou must not be being lopped | olbutalmay bolurhe must not be being lopped | bizbutalmay bolurbuzwe must not be being lopped | sizbutalmay bolursuzyou all must not be being lopped | alabutalmay bolurlathey must not be being lopped |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbutala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being lopped | senbutala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being lopped | olbutala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being lopped | alabutala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being lopped |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbutalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not being lopped | senbutalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not being lopped | olbutalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not being lopped | bizbutalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being lopped | sizbutalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being lopped | alabutalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not being lopped |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbutalğan bolurmaI must have been lopped | senbutalğan bolursayou must have been lopped | olbutalğan bolurhe must have been lopped | bizbutalğan bolurbuzwe must have been lopped | sizbutalğan bolursuzyou all must have been lopped | alabutalğan bolurlathey must have been lopped |
| Inference (must have) | menbutalmağan bolurmaI must not have been lopped | senbutalmağan bolursayou must not have been lopped | olbutalmağan bolurhe must not have been lopped | bizbutalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have been lopped | sizbutalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have been lopped | alabutalmağan bolurlathey must not have been lopped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbutallıq bolurmaI must be going to be lopped | senbutallıq bolursayou must be going to be lopped | olbutallıq bolurhe must be going to be lopped | bizbutallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to be lopped | sizbutallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to be lopped | alabutallıq bolurlathey must be going to be lopped |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbutalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to be lopped | senbutalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to be lopped | olbutalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to be lopped | bizbutalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to be lopped | sizbutalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to be lopped | alabutalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to be lopped |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbutalayımlet me be lopped | senbutal!be lopped! | olbutalsınlet him be lopped | bizbutalayıqlet's be lopped | sizbutalığız!be lopped, you all! | alabutalsınlalet them be lopped |
| Commands & suggestions | menbutalmayımlet me not be lopped | senbutalma!don't be lopped! | olbutalmasınlet him not be lopped | bizbutalmayıqlet's not be lopped | sizbutalmağız!don't be lopped, you all! | alabutalmasınlalet them not be lopped |
| Commands & suggestions | menbutalayımmı?shall I be lopped? | olbutalsınmı?should he be lopped? | bizbutalayıqmı?shall we be lopped? | alabutalsınlamı?should they be lopped? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbutalmayımmı?shall I not be lopped? | olbutalmasınmı?should he not be lopped? | bizbutalmayıqmı?shall we not be lopped? | alabutalmasınlamı?should they not be lopped? | ||
| Requests | senbutalçı2butalçınplease be lopped | olbutalsınçıdo let him be lopped | sizbutalçığızplease be lopped (plural/polite) | alabutalsınlaçıdo let them be lopped | ||
| Requests | senbutalmaçı2butalmaçınplease don't be lopped | olbutalmasınçıdo let him not be lopped | sizbutalmaçığızplease don't be lopped (plural/polite) | alabutalmasınlaçıdo let them not be lopped | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbutalğınbutalğımay you be lopped | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbutalmağınbutalmağımay you not be lopped | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbutalğay edim butalğa edimwould that I were lopped | senbutalğay ediŋ butalğa ediŋwould that you were lopped | olbutalğay edi butalğa ediwould that he were lopped | bizbutalğay edik butalğa edikwould that we were lopped | sizbutalğay edigiz butalğa edigizwould that you all were lopped | alabutalğay edile butalğa edilewould that they were lopped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbutalmağay edim butalmağa edimwould that I were not lopped | senbutalmağay ediŋ butalmağa ediŋwould that you were not lopped | olbutalmağay edi butalmağa ediwould that he were not lopped | bizbutalmağay edik butalmağa edikwould that we were not lopped | sizbutalmağay edigiz butalmağa edigizwould that you all were not lopped | alabutalmağay edile butalmağa edilewould that they were not lopped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutalmağa qoyayımbutalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoy!butalma qoy!let someone be lopped! | olbutalmağa qoysunbutalma qoysunlet him allow someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoyayıqbutalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoyuğuz!butalma qoyuğuz!let someone be lopped, you all! | alabutalmağa qoysunlabutalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutalmağa qoymayımbutalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoyma!butalma qoyma!don't let someone be lopped! | olbutalmağa qoymasınbutalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoymayıqbutalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoymağız!butalma qoymağız!don't let someone be lopped, you all! | alabutalmağa qoymasınlabutalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutalmağa qoyayımmı?butalma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoysunmu?butalma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoyayıqmı?butalma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoysunlamı?butalma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be lopped? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutalmağa qoymayımmı?butalma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoymasınmı?butalma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoymayıqmı?butalma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoymasınlamı?butalma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be lopped? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbutalmağa qoyamabutalma qoyamaI allow someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoyasabutalma qoyasayou allow someone to be lopped | olbutalmağa qoyadıbutalma qoyadıhe allows someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoyabızbutalma qoyabızwe allow someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoyasızbutalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to be lopped | alabutalmağa qoyadılabutalma qoyadılathey allow someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutalmağa qoymaymabutalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoymaysabutalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be lopped | olbutalmağa qoymaydıbutalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoymaybızbutalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoymaysızbutalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be lopped | alabutalmağa qoymaydılabutalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutalmağa qoyamamı?butalma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be lopped? | senbutalmağa qoyamısa?butalma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoyamıdı?butalma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoyabızmı?butalma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be lopped? | sizbutalmağa qoyamısız?butalma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoyamıdıla?butalma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be lopped? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutalmağa qoymaymamı?butalma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be lopped? | senbutalmağa qoymaymısa?butalma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoymaymıdı?butalma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoymaybızmı?butalma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be lopped? | sizbutalmağa qoymaymısız?butalma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoymaymıdıla?butalma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be lopped? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutalmağa qoydumbutalma qoydumI allowed someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoyduŋbutalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be lopped | olbutalmağa qoydubutalma qoyduhe allowed someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoyduqbutalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoyduğuzbutalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be lopped | alabutalmağa qoydulabutalma qoydulathey allowed someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutalmağa qoymadımbutalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be lopped | senbutalmağa qoymadıŋbutalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be lopped | olbutalmağa qoymadıbutalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be lopped | bizbutalmağa qoymadıqbutalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be lopped | sizbutalmağa qoymadığızbutalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be lopped | alabutalmağa qoymadılabutalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be lopped |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutalmağa qoydummu?butalma qoydummu?did I allow someone to be lopped? | senbutalmağa qoyduŋmu?butalma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoydumu?butalma qoydumu?did he allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoyduqmu?butalma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be lopped? | sizbutalmağa qoyduğuzmu?butalma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoydulamı?butalma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be lopped? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutalmağa qoymadımmı?butalma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be lopped? | senbutalmağa qoymadıŋmı?butalma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be lopped? | olbutalmağa qoymadımı?butalma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be lopped? | bizbutalmağa qoymadıqmı?butalma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be lopped? | sizbutalmağa qoymadığızmı?butalma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be lopped? | alabutalmağa qoymadılamı?butalma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be lopped? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
butalalırğa be able to be lopped · butalalmazğa be unable to be lopped
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbutalalamaI can be lopped | senbutalalasayou can be lopped | olbutalaladıhe can be lopped | bizbutalalabızwe can be lopped | sizbutalalasızyou all can be lopped | alabutalaladılathey can be lopped |
| Ability — present | menbutalalmaymaI can't be lopped | senbutalalmaysayou can't be lopped | olbutalalmaydıhe can't be lopped | bizbutalalmaybızwe can't be lopped | sizbutalalmaysızyou all can't be lopped | alabutalalmaydılathey can't be lopped |
| Ability — present | menbutalalamamı? butalalamıma?can I be lopped? | senbutalalamısa?can you be lopped? | olbutalalamıdı?can he be lopped? | bizbutalalabızmı? butalalamıbız?can we be lopped? | sizbutalalamısız?can you all be lopped? | alabutalalamıdıla?can they be lopped? |
| Ability — present | menbutalalmaymamı? butalalmaymıma?can't I be lopped? | senbutalalmaymısa?can't you be lopped? | olbutalalmaymıdı?can't he be lopped? | bizbutalalmaybızmı? butalalmaymıbız?can't we be lopped? | sizbutalalmaymısız?can't you all be lopped? | alabutalalmaymıdıla?can't they be lopped? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbutalalsamif I can be lopped | senbutalalsaŋif you can be lopped | olbutalalsaif he can be lopped | bizbutalalsaqif we can be lopped | sizbutalalsağızif you all can be lopped | alabutalalsalaif they can be lopped |
| Ability — if I can… | menbutalalmasamif I can't be lopped | senbutalalmasaŋif you can't be lopped | olbutalalmasaif he can't be lopped | bizbutalalmasaqif we can't be lopped | sizbutalalmasağızif you all can't be lopped | alabutalalmasalaif they can't be lopped |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbutalaldımI was able to be lopped | senbutalaldıŋyou were able to be lopped | olbutalaldıhe was able to be lopped | bizbutalaldıqwe were able to be lopped | sizbutalaldığızyou all were able to be lopped | alabutalaldılathey were able to be lopped |
| Ability — simple past | menbutalalmadımI could not be lopped | senbutalalmadıŋyou could not be lopped | olbutalalmadıhe could not be lopped | bizbutalalmadıqwe could not be lopped | sizbutalalmadığızyou all could not be lopped | alabutalalmadılathey could not be lopped |
| Ability — simple past | menbutalaldımmı?was I able to be lopped? | senbutalaldıŋmı?were you able to be lopped? | olbutalaldımı?was he able to be lopped? | bizbutalaldıqmı?were we able to be lopped? | sizbutalaldığızmı?were you all able to be lopped? | alabutalaldılamı?were they able to be lopped? |
| Ability — simple past | menbutalalmadımmı?couldn't I be lopped? | senbutalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be lopped? | olbutalalmadımı?couldn't he be lopped? | bizbutalalmadıqmı?couldn't we be lopped? | sizbutalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be lopped? | alabutalalmadılamı?couldn't they be lopped? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutalalğanmaI have been able to be lopped | senbutalalğansayou have been able to be lopped | olbutalalğandıhe has been able to be lopped | bizbutalalğanbızwe have been able to be lopped | sizbutalalğansızyou all have been able to be lopped | alabutalalğandılathey have been able to be lopped |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutalalmağanmaI haven't been able to be lopped | senbutalalmağansayou haven't been able to be lopped | olbutalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be lopped | bizbutalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be lopped | sizbutalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be lopped | alabutalalmağandılathey haven't been able to be lopped |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutalalğanmamı? butalalğanmıma?have I been able to be lopped? | senbutalalğanmısa?have you been able to be lopped? | olbutalalğanmıdı?has he been able to be lopped? | bizbutalalğanbızmı? butalalğanmıbız?have we been able to be lopped? | sizbutalalğanmısız?have you all been able to be lopped? | alabutalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be lopped? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutalalmağanmamı? butalalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be lopped? | senbutalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be lopped? | olbutalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be lopped? | bizbutalalmağanbızmı? butalalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be lopped? | sizbutalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be lopped? | alabutalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be lopped? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbutalalğan edimbutalalğanemI had been able to be lopped | senbutalalğan ediŋbutalalğaneŋyou had been able to be lopped | olbutalalğan edibutalalğanedhe had been able to be lopped | bizbutalalğan edikbutalalğanekwe had been able to be lopped | sizbutalalğan edigizbutalalğanegizyou all had been able to be lopped | alabutalalğan edilebutalalğanellethey had been able to be lopped |
| Ability — past perfect | menbutalalmağan edimbutalalmağanemI hadn't been able to be lopped | senbutalalmağan ediŋbutalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be lopped | olbutalalmağan edibutalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be lopped | bizbutalalmağan edikbutalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be lopped | sizbutalalmağan edigizbutalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be lopped | alabutalalmağan edilebutalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be lopped |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbutalala edimbutalalaemI could be lopped | senbutalala ediŋbutalalaeŋyou could be lopped | olbutalala edibutalalaedhe could be lopped | bizbutalala edikbutalalaekwe could be lopped | sizbutalala edigizbutalalaegizyou all could be lopped | alabutalala edilebutalalaellethey could be lopped |
| Ability — past background | menbutalalmay edimbutalalmayemI could not be lopped | senbutalalmay ediŋbutalalmayeŋyou could not be lopped | olbutalalmay edibutalalmayedhe could not be lopped | bizbutalalmay edikbutalalmayekwe could not be lopped | sizbutalalmay edigizbutalalmayegizyou all could not be lopped | alabutalalmay edilebutalalmayellethey could not be lopped |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbutalalırmaI will be able to be lopped | senbutalalırsayou will be able to be lopped | olbutalalırhe will be able to be lopped | bizbutalalırbızwe will be able to be lopped | sizbutalalırsızyou all will be able to be lopped | alabutalalırlathey will be able to be lopped |
| Ability — future I | menbutalalmazmaI won't be able to be lopped | senbutalalmazsayou won't be able to be lopped | olbutalalmazhe won't be able to be lopped | bizbutalalmazbızwe won't be able to be lopped | sizbutalalmazsızyou all won't be able to be lopped | alabutalalmazlathey won't be able to be lopped |
| Ability — future I | menbutalalırmamı? butalalırmıma?will I be able to be lopped? | senbutalalırmısa?will you be able to be lopped? | olbutalalırmı?will he be able to be lopped? | bizbutalalırbızmı? butalalırmıbız?will we be able to be lopped? | sizbutalalırmısız?will you all be able to be lopped? | alabutalalırlamı? butalalırmıla?will they be able to be lopped? |
| Ability — future I | menbutalalmazmamı? butalalmazmıma?won't I be able to be lopped? | senbutalalmazmısa?won't you be able to be lopped? | olbutalalmazmı?won't he be able to be lopped? | bizbutalalmazbızmı? butalalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be lopped? | sizbutalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be lopped? | alabutalalmazlamı? butalalmazmıla?won't they be able to be lopped? |
| Ability — future II | menbutalallıqmaI am going to be able to be lopped | senbutalallıqsayou are going to be able to be lopped | olbutalallıqdıhe is going to be able to be lopped | bizbutalallıqbızwe are going to be able to be lopped | sizbutalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be lopped | alabutalallıqdılathey are going to be able to be lopped |
| Ability — future II | menbutalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be lopped | senbutalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be lopped | olbutalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be lopped | bizbutalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be lopped | sizbutalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be lopped | alabutalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be lopped |
| Ability — future II | menbutalallıqmamı? butalallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be lopped? | senbutalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be lopped? | olbutalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be lopped? | bizbutalallıqbızmı? butalallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be lopped? | sizbutalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be lopped? | alabutalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be lopped? |
| Ability — future II | menbutalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be lopped? | senbutalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be lopped? | olbutalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be lopped? | bizbutalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be lopped? | sizbutalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be lopped? | alabutalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be lopped? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbutalalır edimbutalalır emI would be able to be lopped | senbutalalır ediŋbutalalır eŋyou would be able to be lopped | olbutalalır edibutalalır edhe would be able to be lopped | bizbutalalır edikbutalalır ekwe would be able to be lopped | sizbutalalır edigizbutalalır egizyou all would be able to be lopped | alabutalalır edilebutalalır ellethey would be able to be lopped |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbutalalmaz edimbutalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be lopped | senbutalalmaz ediŋbutalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be lopped | olbutalalmaz edibutalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be lopped | bizbutalalmaz edikbutalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be lopped | sizbutalalmaz edigizbutalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be lopped | alabutalalmaz edilebutalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be lopped |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbutalalğınbutalalğımay you be able to be lopped | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbutalalmağınbutalalmağımay you not be able to be lopped | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbutalırğa izleymeI want to be lopped | senbutalırğa izleyseyou want to be lopped | olbutalırğa izleydihe wants to be lopped | bizbutalırğa izleybizwe want to be lopped | sizbutalırğa izleysizyou all want to be lopped | alabutalırğa izleydilethey want to be lopped |
| want to | menbutalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to be lopped | senbutalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to be lopped | olbutalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to be lopped | bizbutalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to be lopped | sizbutalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to be lopped | alabutalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to be lopped |
| would like to | menbutalırğa süemeI would like to be lopped | senbutalırğa süeseyou would like to be lopped | olbutalırğa süedihe would like to be lopped | bizbutalırğa süebizwe would like to be lopped | sizbutalırğa süesizyou all would like to be lopped | alabutalırğa süedilethey would like to be lopped |
| would like to | menbutalırğa süymeymeI would not like to be lopped | senbutalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to be lopped | olbutalırğa süymeydihe would not like to be lopped | bizbutalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to be lopped | sizbutalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to be lopped | alabutalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to be lopped |
| hope to | menbutalırğa umutlanamaI hope to be lopped | senbutalırğa umutlanasayou hope to be lopped | olbutalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to be lopped | bizbutalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to be lopped | sizbutalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to be lopped | alabutalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to be lopped |
| hope to | menbutalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be lopped | senbutalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be lopped | olbutalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be lopped | bizbutalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be lopped | sizbutalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be lopped | alabutalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be lopped |
| be about to | menbutalırğa deb turamaI am about to be lopped | senbutalırğa deb turasayou are about to be lopped | olbutalırğa deb turadıhe is about to be lopped | bizbutalırğa deb turabızwe are about to be lopped | sizbutalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to be lopped | alabutalırğa deb turadılathey are about to be lopped |
| be about to | menbutalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to be lopped | senbutalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to be lopped | olbutalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to be lopped | bizbutalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to be lopped | sizbutalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be lopped | alabutalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to be lopped |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbutalırğa kerekmeI need to be lopped | senbutalırğa kerekseyou need to be lopped | olbutalırğa kerekdihe needs to be lopped | bizbutalırğa kerekbizwe need to be lopped | sizbutalırğa kereksizyou all need to be lopped | alabutalırğa kerekdilethey need to be lopped |
| need to | menbutalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to be lopped | senbutalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to be lopped | olbutalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to be lopped | bizbutalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be lopped | sizbutalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be lopped | alabutalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to be lopped |
| have to | menmenŋe butalırğa tüşediI have to be lopped | sensenŋe butalırğa tüşediyou have to be lopped | olaŋa butalırğa tüşedihe has to be lopped | bizbizge butalırğa tüşediwe have to be lopped | sizsizge butalırğa tüşediyou all have to be lopped | alaalağa butalırğa tüşedithey have to be lopped |
| have to | menmenŋe butalırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to be lopped | sensenŋe butalırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to be lopped | olaŋa butalırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to be lopped | bizbizge butalırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to be lopped | sizsizge butalırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be lopped | alaalağa butalırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to be lopped |
| be obliged to | menbutalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to be lopped | senbutalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to be lopped | olbutalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to be lopped | bizbutalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to be lopped | sizbutalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be lopped | alabutalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to be lopped |
| be obliged to | menbutalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be lopped | senbutalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be lopped | olbutalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be lopped | bizbutalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be lopped | sizbutalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be lopped | alabutalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be lopped |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbutalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to be lopped | senbutalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be lopped | olbutalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to be lopped | bizbutalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be lopped | sizbutalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be lopped | alabutalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to be lopped |
| have a way to | menbutalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to be lopped | senbutalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be lopped | olbutalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to be lopped | bizbutalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be lopped | sizbutalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be lopped | alabutalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to be lopped |
| be free to | menbutalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to be lopped | senbutalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be lopped | olbutalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to be lopped | bizbutalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be lopped | sizbutalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be lopped | alabutalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be lopped |
| be free to | menbutalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to be lopped | senbutalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be lopped | olbutalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be lopped | bizbutalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be lopped | sizbutalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be lopped | alabutalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be lopped |
| be possible to | menmenŋe butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to be lopped | sensenŋe butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to be lopped | olaŋa butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to be lopped | bizbizge butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to be lopped | sizsizge butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to be lopped | alaalağa butalırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to be lopped |
| be possible to | menmenŋe butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be lopped | sensenŋe butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be lopped | olaŋa butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be lopped | bizbizge butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be lopped | sizsizge butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be lopped | alaalağa butalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be lopped |
| be ready to | menbutalırğa hazırmaI am ready to be lopped | senbutalırğa hazırsayou are ready to be lopped | olbutalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to be lopped | bizbutalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to be lopped | sizbutalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to be lopped | alabutalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to be lopped |
| be ready to | menbutalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to be lopped | senbutalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to be lopped | olbutalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to be lopped | bizbutalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be lopped | sizbutalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be lopped | alabutalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be lopped |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbutalırğa küreşemeI am trying to be lopped | senbutalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to be lopped | olbutalırğa küreşedihe is trying to be lopped | bizbutalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to be lopped | sizbutalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to be lopped | alabutalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to be lopped |
| try to | menbutalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to be lopped | senbutalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be lopped | olbutalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to be lopped | bizbutalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be lopped | sizbutalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be lopped | alabutalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be lopped |
| agree to | menbutalırğa unaymaI agree to be lopped | senbutalırğa unaysayou agree to be lopped | olbutalırğa unaydıhe agrees to be lopped | bizbutalırğa unaybızwe agree to be lopped | sizbutalırğa unaysızyou all agree to be lopped | alabutalırğa unaydılathey agree to be lopped |
| agree to | menbutalırğa unamaymaI refuse to be lopped | senbutalırğa unamaysayou refuse to be lopped | olbutalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to be lopped | bizbutalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to be lopped | sizbutalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to be lopped | alabutalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to be lopped |
| hurry to | menbutalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to be lopped | senbutalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to be lopped | olbutalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be lopped | bizbutalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be lopped | sizbutalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be lopped | alabutalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be lopped |
| hurry to | menbutalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be lopped | senbutalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be lopped | olbutalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be lopped | bizbutalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be lopped | sizbutalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be lopped | alabutalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be lopped |
| be afraid to | menbutalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to be lopped | senbutalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to be lopped | olbutalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to be lopped | bizbutalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to be lopped | sizbutalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to be lopped | alabutalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to be lopped |
| be afraid to | menbutalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be lopped | senbutalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be lopped | olbutalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be lopped | bizbutalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be lopped | sizbutalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be lopped | alabutalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be lopped |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbutala bolmazmaI can't be being lopped | senbutala bolmazsayou can't be being lopped | olbutala bolmazhe can't be being lopped | bizbutala bolmazbızwe can't be being lopped | sizbutala bolmazsızyou all can't be being lopped | alabutala bolmazlathey can't be being lopped |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbutalmay bolmazmaI must be being lopped (emphatic) | senbutalmay bolmazsayou must be being lopped (emphatic) | olbutalmay bolmazhe must be being lopped (emphatic) | bizbutalmay bolmazbızwe must be being lopped (emphatic) | sizbutalmay bolmazsızyou all must be being lopped (emphatic) | alabutalmay bolmazlathey must be being lopped (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbutala turmasamif I don't keep being lopped | senbutala turmasaŋif you don't keep being lopped | olbutala turmasaif he doesn't keep being lopped | bizbutala turmasaqif we don't keep being lopped | sizbutala turmasağızif you all don't keep being lopped | alabutala turmasalaif they don't keep being lopped |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbutala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being lopped | senbutala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being lopped | olbutala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being lopped | bizbutala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being lopped | sizbutala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being lopped | alabutala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being lopped |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbutalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) | senbutalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) | olbutalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) | bizbutalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) | sizbutalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) | alabutalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being lopped (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbutalmay turamaI keep on not being lopped | senbutalmay turasayou keep on not being lopped | olbutalmay turadıhe keeps on not being lopped | bizbutalmay turabızwe keep on not being lopped | sizbutalmay turasızyou all keep on not being lopped | alabutalmay turadılathey keep on not being lopped |
| Progressive — double negation | menbutalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not being lopped | senbutalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not being lopped | olbutalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being lopped | bizbutalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being lopped | sizbutalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being lopped | alabutalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being lopped |
| Progressive — double negation | menbutalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being lopped? | senbutalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being lopped? | olbutalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being lopped? | bizbutalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being lopped? | sizbutalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being lopped? | alabutalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being lopped? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbutalğan bolmazmaI can't have been lopped | senbutalğan bolmazsayou can't have been lopped | olbutalğan bolmazhe can't have been lopped | bizbutalğan bolmazbızwe can't have been lopped | sizbutalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have been lopped | alabutalğan bolmazlathey can't have been lopped |
| Inference — double negation | menbutalmağan bolmazmaI must have been lopped (emphatic) | senbutalmağan bolmazsayou must have been lopped (emphatic) | olbutalmağan bolmazhe must have been lopped (emphatic) | bizbutalmağan bolmazbızwe must have been lopped (emphatic) | sizbutalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have been lopped (emphatic) | alabutalmağan bolmazlathey must have been lopped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbutalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had been lopped | senbutalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been lopped | olbutalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had been lopped | bizbutalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been lopped | sizbutalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been lopped | alabutalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been lopped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbutalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been lopped | senbutalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been lopped | olbutalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been lopped | bizbutalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been lopped | sizbutalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been lopped | alabutalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been lopped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbutallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to be lopped | senbutallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to be lopped | olbutallıq bolmazhe can't be going to be lopped | bizbutallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to be lopped | sizbutallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be lopped | alabutallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to be lopped |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbutalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to be lopped (emphatic) | senbutalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to be lopped (emphatic) | olbutalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to be lopped (emphatic) | bizbutalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to be lopped (emphatic) | sizbutalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to be lopped (emphatic) | alabutalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to be lopped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbutallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be lopped | senbutallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be lopped | olbutallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be lopped | bizbutallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be lopped | sizbutallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be lopped | alabutallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be lopped |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbutalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be lopped | senbutalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be lopped | olbutalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be lopped | bizbutalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be lopped | sizbutalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be lopped | alabutalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be lopped |