boylarğa
/bojlarʁa/
1. subdue, subjugate, conquer, overcome — boylab jaşarğa means keep someone constantly in submission; boylab qoyarğa means overcome, get the better of.
- jawnu boyladıq — we subdued the enemy
- ol honşuların boyladı — he subjugated his neighbors
- küreşgenle bir birin boylayalmasala — if the wrestlers cannot overcome each other
- boylab qoyarğa — to overcome, to get the better of
- boylab jaşarğa — to keep constantly in submission
2. go along, follow the course of (a river or road) — Mostly in the converb boylab with an accusative object: Qobannı boylab kelebiz "we are coming along the Kuban"; ana jolnu boylab jürüdük "we walked following the main road". one source
- Qobannı boylab kelebiz — we are coming along the Kuban
- ana jolnu boylab jürüdük — we walked along the main road
- ol çerekni boylab baradı — he is going along the river
Conjugation
Common forms
- boylaydıhe is subduing
- boyladıhe subdued
- boylağandıhe has subdued
- boylarhe will subdue
- boylarıqdıhe is going to subdue
- boylay edihe was subduing
- boylasaif he subdues
- boyla!subdue!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menboylaymaI am subduing | senboylaysayou are subduing | olboylaydıhe is subduing | bizboylaybızwe are subduing | sizboylaysızyou all are subduing | alaboylaydılathey are subduing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menboylamaymaI am not subduing | senboylamaysayou are not subduing | olboylamaydıhe is not subduing | bizboylamaybızwe are not subduing | sizboylamaysızyou all are not subduing | alaboylamaydılathey are not subduing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menboylaymamı? boylaymıma?am I subduing? | senboylaymısa?are you subduing? | olboylaymıdı?is he subduing? | bizboylaybızmı? boylaymıbız?are we subduing? | sizboylaymısız?are you all subduing? | alaboylaymıdıla?are they subduing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menboylamaymamı? boylamaymıma?aren't I subduing? | senboylamaymısa?aren't you subduing? | olboylamaymıdı?isn't he subduing? | bizboylamaybızmı? boylamaymıbız?aren't we subduing? | sizboylamaymısız?aren't you all subduing? | alaboylamaymıdıla?aren't they subduing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menboylawçanmaI usually subdue | senboylawçansayou usually subdue | olboylawçandıhe usually subdues | bizboylawçanbızwe usually subdue | sizboylawçansızyou all usually subdue | alaboylawçandılathey usually subdue |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menboylamawçanmaI usually don't subdue | senboylamawçansayou usually don't subdue | olboylamawçandıhe usually doesn't subdue | bizboylamawçanbızwe usually don't subdue | sizboylamawçansızyou all usually don't subdue | alaboylamawçandılathey usually don't subdue |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menboylawçanmamı? boylawçanmıma?do I usually subdue? | senboylawçanmısa?do you usually subdue? | olboylawçanmıdı?does he usually subdue? | bizboylawçanbızmı? boylawçanmıbız?do we usually subdue? | sizboylawçanmısız?do you all usually subdue? | alaboylawçanmıdıla?do they usually subdue? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menboylamawçanmamı? boylamawçanmıma?do I usually not subdue? | senboylamawçanmısa?do you usually not subdue? | olboylamawçanmıdı?does he usually not subdue? | bizboylamawçanbızmı? boylamawçanmıbız?do we usually not subdue? | sizboylamawçanmısız?do you all usually not subdue? | alaboylamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not subdue? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olboylabdıhe has subdued and remains so | alaboylabdılathey have subdued and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olboylabmıdı?has he subdued? | alaboylabmıdıla?have they subdued? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menboylab turamaI keep subduing | senboylab turasayou keep subduing | olboylab turadıhe keeps subduing | bizboylab turabızwe keep subduing | sizboylab turasızyou all keep subduing | alaboylab turadılathey keep subduing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menboylab turmaymaI don't keep subduing | senboylab turmaysayou don't keep subduing | olboylab turmaydıhe doesn't keep subduing | bizboylab turmaybızwe don't keep subduing | sizboylab turmaysızyou all don't keep subduing | alaboylab turmaydılathey don't keep subduing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menboylab turamamı? boylab turamıma?do I keep subduing? | senboylab turamısa?do you keep subduing? | olboylab turamıdı?does he keep subduing? | bizboylab turabızmı? boylab turamıbız?do we keep subduing? | sizboylab turamısız?do you all keep subduing? | alaboylab turamıdıla?do they keep subduing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menboylab turmaymamı? boylab turmaymıma?don't I keep subduing? | senboylab turmaymısa?don't you keep subduing? | olboylab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep subduing? | bizboylab turmaybızmı? boylab turmaymıbız?don't we keep subduing? | sizboylab turmaymısız?don't you all keep subduing? | alaboylab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep subduing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menboylay turamaI am in the middle of subduing | senboylay turasayou are in the middle of subduing | olboylay turadıhe is in the middle of subduing | bizboylay turabızwe are in the middle of subduing | sizboylay turasızyou all are in the middle of subduing | alaboylay turadılathey are in the middle of subduing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menboylay turmaymaI am not in the middle of subduing | senboylay turmaysayou are not in the middle of subduing | olboylay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of subduing | bizboylay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of subduing | sizboylay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of subduing | alaboylay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of subduing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menboylay turamamı? boylay turamıma?am I in the middle of subduing? | senboylay turamısa?are you in the middle of subduing? | olboylay turamıdı?is he in the middle of subduing? | bizboylay turabızmı? boylay turamıbız?are we in the middle of subduing? | sizboylay turamısız?are you all in the middle of subduing? | alaboylay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of subduing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menboylay turmaymamı? boylay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of subduing? | senboylay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of subduing? | olboylay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of subduing? | bizboylay turmaybızmı? boylay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of subduing? | sizboylay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of subduing? | alaboylay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of subduing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menboyladımI subdued | senboyladıŋyou subdued | olboyladıhe subdued | bizboyladıqwe subdued | sizboyladığızyou all subdued | alaboyladılathey subdued |
| Simple past (definite) | menboylamadımI didn't subdue | senboylamadıŋyou didn't subdue | olboylamadıhe didn't subdue | bizboylamadıqwe didn't subdue | sizboylamadığızyou all didn't subdue | alaboylamadılathey didn't subdue |
| Simple past (definite) | menboyladımmı?did I subdue? | senboyladıŋmı?did you subdue? | olboyladımı?did he subdue? | bizboyladıqmı?did we subdue? | sizboyladığızmı?did you all subdue? | alaboyladılamı?did they subdue? |
| Simple past (definite) | menboylamadımmı?didn't I subdue? | senboylamadıŋmı?didn't you subdue? | olboylamadımı?didn't he subdue? | bizboylamadıqmı?didn't we subdue? | sizboylamadığızmı?didn't you all subdue? | alaboylamadılamı?didn't they subdue? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menboylağanmaI have subdued | senboylağansayou have subdued | olboylağandıhe has subdued | bizboylağanbızwe have subdued | sizboylağansızyou all have subdued | alaboylağandılathey have subdued |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menboylamağanmaI haven't subdued | senboylamağansayou haven't subdued | olboylamağandıhe hasn't subdued | bizboylamağanbızwe haven't subdued | sizboylamağansızyou all haven't subdued | alaboylamağandılathey haven't subdued |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menboylağanmamı? boylağanmıma?have I subdued? | senboylağanmısa?have you subdued? | olboylağanmıdı?has he subdued? | bizboylağanbızmı? boylağanmıbız?have we subdued? | sizboylağanmısız?have you all subdued? | alaboylağanmıdıla?have they subdued? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menboylamağanmamı? boylamağanmıma?haven't I subdued? | senboylamağanmısa?haven't you subdued? | olboylamağanmıdı?hasn't he subdued? | bizboylamağanbızmı? boylamağanmıbız?haven't we subdued? | sizboylamağanmısız?haven't you all subdued? | alaboylamağanmıdıla?haven't they subdued? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menboylab turdumI kept subduing | senboylab turduŋyou kept subduing | olboylab turduhe kept subduing | bizboylab turduqwe kept subduing | sizboylab turduğuzyou all kept subduing | alaboylab turdulathey kept subduing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menboylab turmadımI didn't keep subduing | senboylab turmadıŋyou didn't keep subduing | olboylab turmadıhe didn't keep subduing | bizboylab turmadıqwe didn't keep subduing | sizboylab turmadığızyou all didn't keep subduing | alaboylab turmadılathey didn't keep subduing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menboylarmaI will subdue | senboylarsayou will subdue | olboylarhe will subdue | bizboylarbızwe will subdue | sizboylarsızyou all will subdue | alaboylarlathey will subdue |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menboylamazmaI won't subdue | senboylamazsayou won't subdue | olboylamazhe won't subdue | bizboylamazbızwe won't subdue | sizboylamazsızyou all won't subdue | alaboylamazlathey won't subdue |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menboylarmamı? boylarmıma?will I subdue? | senboylarmısa?will you subdue? | olboylarmı?will he subdue? | bizboylarbızmı? boylarmıbız?will we subdue? | sizboylarmısız?will you all subdue? | alaboylarlamı? boylarmıla?will they subdue? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menboylamazmamı? boylamazmıma?won't I subdue? | senboylamazmısa?won't you subdue? | olboylamazmı?won't he subdue? | bizboylamazbızmı? boylamazmıbız?won't we subdue? | sizboylamazmısız?won't you all subdue? | alaboylamazlamı? boylamazmıla?won't they subdue? |
| Definite future (future II) | menboylarıqmaI am going to subdue | senboylarıqsayou are going to subdue | olboylarıqdıhe is going to subdue | bizboylarıqbızwe are going to subdue | sizboylarıqsızyou all are going to subdue | alaboylarıqdılathey are going to subdue |
| Definite future (future II) | menboylarıq tülmeI am not going to subdue | senboylarıq tülseyou are not going to subdue | olboylarıq tüldühe is not going to subdue | bizboylarıq tülbüzwe are not going to subdue | sizboylarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to subdue | alaboylarıq tüldülethey are not going to subdue |
| Definite future (future II) | menboylarıqmamı? boylarıqmıma?am I going to subdue? | senboylarıqmısa?are you going to subdue? | olboylarıqmıdı?is he going to subdue? | bizboylarıqbızmı? boylarıqmıbız?are we going to subdue? | sizboylarıqmısız?are you all going to subdue? | alaboylarıqmıdıla?are they going to subdue? |
| Definite future (future II) | menboylarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to subdue? | senboylarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to subdue? | olboylarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to subdue? | bizboylarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to subdue? | sizboylarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to subdue? | alaboylarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to subdue? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menboylağan edimboylağanemI had subdued | senboylağan ediŋboylağaneŋyou had subdued | olboylağan ediboylağanedhe had subdued | bizboylağan edikboylağanekwe had subdued | sizboylağan edigizboylağanegizyou all had subdued | alaboylağan edileboylağanellethey had subdued |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menboylamağan edimboylamağanemI hadn't subdued | senboylamağan ediŋboylamağaneŋyou hadn't subdued | olboylamağan ediboylamağanedhe hadn't subdued | bizboylamağan edikboylamağanekwe hadn't subdued | sizboylamağan edigizboylamağanegizyou all hadn't subdued | alaboylamağan edileboylamağanellethey hadn't subdued |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menboylay edimboylayemI was subduing | senboylay ediŋboylayeŋyou were subduing | olboylay ediboylayedhe was subduing | bizboylay edikboylayekwe were subduing | sizboylay edigizboylayegizyou all were subduing | alaboylay edileboylayellethey were subduing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menboylamay edimboylamayemI wasn't subduing | senboylamay ediŋboylamayeŋyou weren't subduing | olboylamay ediboylamayedhe wasn't subduing | bizboylamay edikboylamayekwe weren't subduing | sizboylamay edigizboylamayegizyou all weren't subduing | alaboylamay edileboylamayellethey weren't subduing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menboylawçan edimboylawçanemI used to subdue | senboylawçan ediŋboylawçaneŋyou used to subdue | olboylawçan ediboylawçanedhe used to subdue | bizboylawçan edikboylawçanekwe used to subdue | sizboylawçan edigizboylawçanegizyou all used to subdue | alaboylawçan edileboylawçanellethey used to subdue |
| Habitual past (used to) | menboylamawçan edimboylamawçanemI didn't use to subdue | senboylamawçan ediŋboylamawçaneŋyou didn't use to subdue | olboylamawçan ediboylamawçanedhe didn't use to subdue | bizboylamawçan edikboylamawçanekwe didn't use to subdue | sizboylamawçan edigizboylamawçanegizyou all didn't use to subdue | alaboylamawçan edileboylamawçanellethey didn't use to subdue |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olboylab edihe had subdued and remained so | alaboylab edilethey had subdued and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olboylab tül edihe hadn't subdued | alaboylab tül edilethey hadn't subdued | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menboylab tura edimboylab turaemI had kept subduing | senboylab tura ediŋboylab turaeŋyou had kept subduing | olboylab tura ediboylab turaedhe had kept subduing | bizboylab tura edikboylab turaekwe had kept subduing | sizboylab tura edigizboylab turaegizyou all had kept subduing | alaboylab tura edileboylab turaellethey had kept subduing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menboylab turmay edimboylab turmayemI hadn't kept subduing | senboylab turmay ediŋboylab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept subduing | olboylab turmay ediboylab turmayedhe hadn't kept subduing | bizboylab turmay edikboylab turmayekwe hadn't kept subduing | sizboylab turmay edigizboylab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept subduing | alaboylab turmay edileboylab turmayellethey hadn't kept subduing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menboylay tura edimboylay turaemI was in the middle of subduing | senboylay tura ediŋboylay turaeŋyou were in the middle of subduing | olboylay tura ediboylay turaedhe was in the middle of subduing | bizboylay tura edikboylay turaekwe were in the middle of subduing | sizboylay tura edigizboylay turaegizyou all were in the middle of subduing | alaboylay tura edileboylay turaellethey were in the middle of subduing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menboylay turmay edimboylay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of subduing | senboylay turmay ediŋboylay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of subduing | olboylay turmay ediboylay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of subduing | bizboylay turmay edikboylay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of subduing | sizboylay turmay edigizboylay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of subduing | alaboylay turmay edileboylay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of subduing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menboylar edimboylar emI would subdue | senboylar ediŋboylar eŋyou would subdue | olboylar ediboylar edhe would subdue | bizboylar edikboylar ekwe would subdue | sizboylar edigizboylar egizyou all would subdue | alaboylar edileboylar ellethey would subdue |
| Conditional result (would) | menboylamaz edimboylamaz emI wouldn't subdue | senboylamaz ediŋboylamaz eŋyou wouldn't subdue | olboylamaz ediboylamaz edhe wouldn't subdue | bizboylamaz edikboylamaz ekwe wouldn't subdue | sizboylamaz edigizboylamaz egizyou all wouldn't subdue | alaboylamaz edileboylamaz ellethey wouldn't subdue |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menboylarıq edimboylarıq emI would have subdued | senboylarıq ediŋboylarıq eŋyou would have subdued | olboylarıq ediboylarıq edhe would have subdued | bizboylarıq edikboylarıq ekwe would have subdued | sizboylarıq edigizboylarıq egizyou all would have subdued | alaboylarıq edileboylarıq ellethey would have subdued |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menboylarıq tül edimboylarıq tül emI wouldn't have subdued | senboylarıq tül ediŋboylarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have subdued | olboylarıq tül ediboylarıq tül edhe wouldn't have subdued | bizboylarıq tül edikboylarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have subdued | sizboylarıq tül edigizboylarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have subdued | alaboylarıq tül edileboylarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have subdued |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menboylasamif I subdue | senboylasaŋif you subdue | olboylasaif he subdues | bizboylasaqif we subdue | sizboylasağızif you all subdue | alaboylasalaif they subdue |
| Conditional | menboylamasamif I don't subdue | senboylamasaŋif you don't subdue | olboylamasaif he doesn't subdue | bizboylamasaqif we don't subdue | sizboylamasağızif you all don't subdue | alaboylamasalaif they don't subdue |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menboylay esemif I am subduing | senboylay eseŋif you are subduing | olboylay eseif he is subduing | bizboylay esekif we are subduing | sizboylay esegizif you all are subduing | alaboylay eseleif they are subduing |
| Conditional, present real | menboylamay esemif I am not subduing | senboylamay eseŋif you are not subduing | olboylamay eseif he is not subduing | bizboylamay esekif we are not subduing | sizboylamay esegizif you all are not subduing | alaboylamay eseleif they are not subduing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menboylasam ediboylasam edif only I subdued | senboylasaŋ ediboylasaŋ edif only you subdued | olboylasa ediboylasaedif only he subdued | bizboylasaq ediboylasaq edif only we subdued | sizboylasağız ediboylasağız edif only you all subdued | alaboylasala ediboylasalaedif only they subdued |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menboylamasam ediboylamasam edif only I didn't subdue | senboylamasaŋ ediboylamasaŋ edif only you didn't subdue | olboylamasa ediboylamasaedif only he didn't subdue | bizboylamasaq ediboylamasaq edif only we didn't subdue | sizboylamasağız ediboylamasağız edif only you all didn't subdue | alaboylamasala ediboylamasalaedif only they didn't subdue |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menboylab tursamif I carry on subduing | senboylab tursaŋif you carry on subduing | olboylab tursaif he carries on subduing | bizboylab tursaqif we carry on subduing | sizboylab tursağızif you all carry on subduing | alaboylab tursalaif they carry on subduing |
| Durative conditional | menboylab turmasamif I don't carry on subduing | senboylab turmasaŋif you don't carry on subduing | olboylab turmasaif he doesn't carry on subduing | bizboylab turmasaqif we don't carry on subduing | sizboylab turmasağızif you all don't carry on subduing | alaboylab turmasalaif they don't carry on subduing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menboylab tura esemif I have kept subduing | senboylab tura eseŋif you have kept subduing | olboylab tura eseif he has kept subduing | bizboylab tura esekif we have kept subduing | sizboylab tura esegizif you all have kept subduing | alaboylab tura eseleif they have kept subduing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menboylab turmay esemif I haven't kept subduing | senboylab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept subduing | olboylab turmay eseif he hasn't kept subduing | bizboylab turmay esekif we haven't kept subduing | sizboylab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept subduing | alaboylab turmay eseleif they haven't kept subduing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menboylay tursamif I keep subduing | senboylay tursaŋif you keep subduing | olboylay tursaif he keeps subduing | bizboylay tursaqif we keep subduing | sizboylay tursağızif you all keep subduing | alaboylay tursalaif they keep subduing |
| Progressive conditional | menboylamay tursamif I keep on not subduing | senboylamay tursaŋif you keep on not subduing | olboylamay tursaif he keeps on not subduing | bizboylamay tursaqif we keep on not subduing | sizboylamay tursağızif you all keep on not subduing | alaboylamay tursalaif they keep on not subduing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menboylay tura esemif I am in the middle of subduing | senboylay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of subduing | olboylay tura eseif he is in the middle of subduing | bizboylay tura esekif we are in the middle of subduing | sizboylay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of subduing | alaboylay tura eseleif they are in the middle of subduing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menboylamay tura esemif I keep on not subduing | senboylamay tura eseŋif you keep on not subduing | olboylamay tura eseif he keeps on not subduing | bizboylamay tura esekif we keep on not subduing | sizboylamay tura esegizif you all keep on not subduing | alaboylamay tura eseleif they keep on not subduing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menboyladım esemif I subdued | senboyladıŋ eseŋif you subdued | olboyladı eseif he subdued | bizboyladıq esekif we subdued | sizboyladığız esegizif you all subdued | alaboyladıla eseleif they subdued |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menboylamadım esemif I didn't subdue | senboylamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't subdue | olboylamadı eseif he didn't subdue | bizboylamadıq esekif we didn't subdue | sizboylamadığız esegizif you all didn't subdue | alaboylamadıla eseleif they didn't subdue |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menboylağan esemif I did subdue (indeed) | senboylağan eseŋif you did subdue (indeed) | olboylağan eseif he did subdue (indeed) | bizboylağan esekif we did subdue (indeed) | sizboylağan esegizif you all did subdue (indeed) | alaboylağan eseleif they did subdue (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menboylamağan esemif I didn't subdue (indeed) | senboylamağan eseŋif you didn't subdue (indeed) | olboylamağan eseif he didn't subdue (indeed) | bizboylamağan esekif we didn't subdue (indeed) | sizboylamağan esegizif you all didn't subdue (indeed) | alaboylamağan eseleif they didn't subdue (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menboylağan bolsamif I had subdued | senboylağan bolsaŋif you had subdued | olboylağan bolsaif he had subdued | bizboylağan bolsaqif we had subdued | sizboylağan bolsağızif you all had subdued | alaboylağan bolsalaif they had subdued |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menboylamağan bolsamif I hadn't subdued | senboylamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't subdued | olboylamağan bolsaif he hadn't subdued | bizboylamağan bolsaqif we hadn't subdued | sizboylamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't subdued | alaboylamağan bolsalaif they hadn't subdued |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menboylağan bolsam ediboylağan bolsam edif only I had subdued | senboylağan bolsaŋ ediboylağan bolsaŋ edif only you had subdued | olboylağan bolsa ediboylağan bolsaedif only he had subdued | bizboylağan bolsaq ediboylağan bolsaq edif only we had subdued | sizboylağan bolsağız ediboylağan bolsağız edif only you all had subdued | alaboylağan bolsala ediboylağan bolsalaedif only they had subdued |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menboylamağan bolsam ediboylamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't subdued | senboylamağan bolsaŋ ediboylamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't subdued | olboylamağan bolsa ediboylamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't subdued | bizboylamağan bolsaq ediboylamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't subdued | sizboylamağan bolsağız ediboylamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't subdued | alaboylamağan bolsala ediboylamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't subdued |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menboylar esemif I will subdue | senboylar eseŋif you will subdue | olboylar eseif he will subdue | bizboylar esekif we will subdue | sizboylar esegizif you all will subdue | alaboylar eseleif they will subdue |
| Conditional, aorist | menboylamaz esemif I won't subdue | senboylamaz eseŋif you won't subdue | olboylamaz eseif he won't subdue | bizboylamaz esekif we won't subdue | sizboylamaz esegizif you all won't subdue | alaboylamaz eseleif they won't subdue |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menboylarıq esemif I am going to subdue | senboylarıq eseŋif you are going to subdue | olboylarıq eseif he is going to subdue | bizboylarıq esekif we are going to subdue | sizboylarıq esegizif you all are going to subdue | alaboylarıq eseleif they are going to subdue |
| Conditional, future | menboylarıq tül esemif I am not going to subdue | senboylarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to subdue | olboylarıq tül eseif he is not going to subdue | bizboylarıq tül esekif we are not going to subdue | sizboylarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to subdue | alaboylarıq tül eseleif they are not going to subdue |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menboylarıq bolsamif I were going to subdue | senboylarıq bolsaŋif you were going to subdue | olboylarıq bolsaif he were going to subdue | bizboylarıq bolsaqif we were going to subdue | sizboylarıq bolsağızif you all were going to subdue | alaboylarıq bolsalaif they were going to subdue |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menboylamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to subdue | senboylamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to subdue | olboylamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to subdue | bizboylamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to subdue | sizboylamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to subdue | alaboylamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to subdue |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso boyladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menboylay bolurmaI must be subduing | senboylay bolursayou must be subduing | olboylay bolurhe must be subduing | bizboylay bolurbuzwe must be subduing | sizboylay bolursuzyou all must be subduing | alaboylay bolurlathey must be subduing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menboylamay bolurmaI must not be subduing | senboylamay bolursayou must not be subduing | olboylamay bolurhe must not be subduing | bizboylamay bolurbuzwe must not be subduing | sizboylamay bolursuzyou all must not be subduing | alaboylamay bolurlathey must not be subduing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menboylay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of subduing | senboylay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of subduing | olboylay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of subduing | bizboylay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of subduing | sizboylay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of subduing | alaboylay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of subduing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menboylamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not subduing | senboylamay tura bolursayou must keep on not subduing | olboylamay tura bolurhe must keep on not subduing | bizboylamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not subduing | sizboylamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not subduing | alaboylamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not subduing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menboylağan bolurmaI must have subdued | senboylağan bolursayou must have subdued | olboylağan bolurhe must have subdued | bizboylağan bolurbuzwe must have subdued | sizboylağan bolursuzyou all must have subdued | alaboylağan bolurlathey must have subdued |
| Inference (must have) | menboylamağan bolurmaI must not have subdued | senboylamağan bolursayou must not have subdued | olboylamağan bolurhe must not have subdued | bizboylamağan bolurbuzwe must not have subdued | sizboylamağan bolursuzyou all must not have subdued | alaboylamağan bolurlathey must not have subdued |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menboylarıq bolurmaI must be going to subdue | senboylarıq bolursayou must be going to subdue | olboylarıq bolurhe must be going to subdue | bizboylarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to subdue | sizboylarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to subdue | alaboylarıq bolurlathey must be going to subdue |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menboylamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to subdue | senboylamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to subdue | olboylamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to subdue | bizboylamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to subdue | sizboylamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to subdue | alaboylamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to subdue |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menboylayımlet me subdue | senboyla!subdue! | olboylasınlet him subdue | bizboylayıqlet's subdue | sizboylağız!subdue, you all! | alaboylasınlalet them subdue |
| Commands & suggestions | menboylamayımlet me not subdue | senboylama!don't subdue! | olboylamasınlet him not subdue | bizboylamayıqlet's not subdue | sizboylamağız!don't subdue, you all! | alaboylamasınlalet them not subdue |
| Commands & suggestions | menboylayımmı?shall I subdue? | olboylasınmı?should he subdue? | bizboylayıqmı?shall we subdue? | alaboylasınlamı?should they subdue? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menboylamayımmı?shall I not subdue? | olboylamasınmı?should he not subdue? | bizboylamayıqmı?shall we not subdue? | alaboylamasınlamı?should they not subdue? | ||
| Requests | senboylaçı2boylaçınplease subdue | olboylasınçıdo let him subdue | sizboylaçığızplease subdue (plural/polite) | alaboylasınlaçıdo let them subdue | ||
| Requests | senboylamaçı2boylamaçınplease don't subdue | olboylamasınçıdo let him not subdue | sizboylamaçığızplease don't subdue (plural/polite) | alaboylamasınlaçıdo let them not subdue | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senboylağınboylağımay you subdue | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senboylamağınboylamağımay you not subdue | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menboylağay edim boylağa edimwould that I subdued | senboylağay ediŋ boylağa ediŋwould that you subdued | olboylağay edi boylağa ediwould that he subdued | bizboylağay edik boylağa edikwould that we subdued | sizboylağay edigiz boylağa edigizwould that you all subdued | alaboylağay edile boylağa edilewould that they subdued |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menboylamağay edim boylamağa edimwould that I did not subdue | senboylamağay ediŋ boylamağa ediŋwould that you did not subdue | olboylamağay edi boylamağa ediwould that he did not subdue | bizboylamağay edik boylamağa edikwould that we did not subdue | sizboylamağay edigiz boylamağa edigizwould that you all did not subdue | alaboylamağay edile boylamağa edilewould that they did not subdue |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menboylamağa qoyayımboylama qoyayımlet me allow someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoy!boylama qoy!let someone subdue! | olboylamağa qoysunboylama qoysunlet him allow someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoyayıqboylama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoyuğuz!boylama qoyuğuz!let someone subdue, you all! | alaboylamağa qoysunlaboylama qoysunlalet them allow someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (commands) | menboylamağa qoymayımboylama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoyma!boylama qoyma!don't let someone subdue! | olboylamağa qoymasınboylama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoymayıqboylama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoymağız!boylama qoymağız!don't let someone subdue, you all! | alaboylamağa qoymasınlaboylama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (commands) | menboylamağa qoyayımmı?boylama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoysunmu?boylama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoyayıqmı?boylama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoysunlamı?boylama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to subdue? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menboylamağa qoymayımmı?boylama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoymasınmı?boylama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoymayıqmı?boylama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoymasınlamı?boylama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to subdue? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menboylamağa qoyamaboylama qoyamaI allow someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoyasaboylama qoyasayou allow someone to subdue | olboylamağa qoyadıboylama qoyadıhe allows someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoyabızboylama qoyabızwe allow someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoyasızboylama qoyasızyou all allow someone to subdue | alaboylamağa qoyadılaboylama qoyadılathey allow someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (present) | menboylamağa qoymaymaboylama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoymaysaboylama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to subdue | olboylamağa qoymaydıboylama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoymaybızboylama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoymaysızboylama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to subdue | alaboylamağa qoymaydılaboylama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (present) | menboylamağa qoyamamı?boylama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to subdue? | senboylamağa qoyamısa?boylama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoyamıdı?boylama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoyabızmı?boylama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to subdue? | sizboylamağa qoyamısız?boylama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoyamıdıla?boylama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to subdue? |
| Let someone… (present) | menboylamağa qoymaymamı?boylama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to subdue? | senboylamağa qoymaymısa?boylama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoymaymıdı?boylama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoymaybızmı?boylama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to subdue? | sizboylamağa qoymaymısız?boylama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoymaymıdıla?boylama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to subdue? |
| Let someone… (past) | menboylamağa qoydumboylama qoydumI allowed someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoyduŋboylama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to subdue | olboylamağa qoyduboylama qoyduhe allowed someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoyduqboylama qoyduqwe allowed someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoyduğuzboylama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to subdue | alaboylamağa qoydulaboylama qoydulathey allowed someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (past) | menboylamağa qoymadımboylama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to subdue | senboylamağa qoymadıŋboylama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to subdue | olboylamağa qoymadıboylama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to subdue | bizboylamağa qoymadıqboylama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to subdue | sizboylamağa qoymadığızboylama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to subdue | alaboylamağa qoymadılaboylama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to subdue |
| Let someone… (past) | menboylamağa qoydummu?boylama qoydummu?did I allow someone to subdue? | senboylamağa qoyduŋmu?boylama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoydumu?boylama qoydumu?did he allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoyduqmu?boylama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to subdue? | sizboylamağa qoyduğuzmu?boylama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoydulamı?boylama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to subdue? |
| Let someone… (past) | menboylamağa qoymadımmı?boylama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to subdue? | senboylamağa qoymadıŋmı?boylama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to subdue? | olboylamağa qoymadımı?boylama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to subdue? | bizboylamağa qoymadıqmı?boylama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to subdue? | sizboylamağa qoymadığızmı?boylama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to subdue? | alaboylamağa qoymadılamı?boylama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to subdue? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menboylayalamaI can subdue | senboylayalasayou can subdue | olboylayaladıhe can subdue | bizboylayalabızwe can subdue | sizboylayalasızyou all can subdue | alaboylayaladılathey can subdue |
| Ability — present | menboylayalmaymaI can't subdue | senboylayalmaysayou can't subdue | olboylayalmaydıhe can't subdue | bizboylayalmaybızwe can't subdue | sizboylayalmaysızyou all can't subdue | alaboylayalmaydılathey can't subdue |
| Ability — present | menboylayalamamı? boylayalamıma?can I subdue? | senboylayalamısa?can you subdue? | olboylayalamıdı?can he subdue? | bizboylayalabızmı? boylayalamıbız?can we subdue? | sizboylayalamısız?can you all subdue? | alaboylayalamıdıla?can they subdue? |
| Ability — present | menboylayalmaymamı? boylayalmaymıma?can't I subdue? | senboylayalmaymısa?can't you subdue? | olboylayalmaymıdı?can't he subdue? | bizboylayalmaybızmı? boylayalmaymıbız?can't we subdue? | sizboylayalmaymısız?can't you all subdue? | alaboylayalmaymıdıla?can't they subdue? |
| Ability — if I can… | menboylayalsamif I can subdue | senboylayalsaŋif you can subdue | olboylayalsaif he can subdue | bizboylayalsaqif we can subdue | sizboylayalsağızif you all can subdue | alaboylayalsalaif they can subdue |
| Ability — if I can… | menboylayalmasamif I can't subdue | senboylayalmasaŋif you can't subdue | olboylayalmasaif he can't subdue | bizboylayalmasaqif we can't subdue | sizboylayalmasağızif you all can't subdue | alaboylayalmasalaif they can't subdue |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menboylayaldımI was able to subdue | senboylayaldıŋyou were able to subdue | olboylayaldıhe was able to subdue | bizboylayaldıqwe were able to subdue | sizboylayaldığızyou all were able to subdue | alaboylayaldılathey were able to subdue |
| Ability — simple past | menboylayalmadımI could not subdue | senboylayalmadıŋyou could not subdue | olboylayalmadıhe could not subdue | bizboylayalmadıqwe could not subdue | sizboylayalmadığızyou all could not subdue | alaboylayalmadılathey could not subdue |
| Ability — simple past | menboylayaldımmı?was I able to subdue? | senboylayaldıŋmı?were you able to subdue? | olboylayaldımı?was he able to subdue? | bizboylayaldıqmı?were we able to subdue? | sizboylayaldığızmı?were you all able to subdue? | alaboylayaldılamı?were they able to subdue? |
| Ability — simple past | menboylayalmadımmı?couldn't I subdue? | senboylayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you subdue? | olboylayalmadımı?couldn't he subdue? | bizboylayalmadıqmı?couldn't we subdue? | sizboylayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all subdue? | alaboylayalmadılamı?couldn't they subdue? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menboylayalğanmaI have been able to subdue | senboylayalğansayou have been able to subdue | olboylayalğandıhe has been able to subdue | bizboylayalğanbızwe have been able to subdue | sizboylayalğansızyou all have been able to subdue | alaboylayalğandılathey have been able to subdue |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menboylayalmağanmaI haven't been able to subdue | senboylayalmağansayou haven't been able to subdue | olboylayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to subdue | bizboylayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to subdue | sizboylayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to subdue | alaboylayalmağandılathey haven't been able to subdue |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menboylayalğanmamı? boylayalğanmıma?have I been able to subdue? | senboylayalğanmısa?have you been able to subdue? | olboylayalğanmıdı?has he been able to subdue? | bizboylayalğanbızmı? boylayalğanmıbız?have we been able to subdue? | sizboylayalğanmısız?have you all been able to subdue? | alaboylayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to subdue? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menboylayalmağanmamı? boylayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to subdue? | senboylayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to subdue? | olboylayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to subdue? | bizboylayalmağanbızmı? boylayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to subdue? | sizboylayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to subdue? | alaboylayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to subdue? |
| Ability — past perfect | menboylayalğan edimboylayalğanemI had been able to subdue | senboylayalğan ediŋboylayalğaneŋyou had been able to subdue | olboylayalğan ediboylayalğanedhe had been able to subdue | bizboylayalğan edikboylayalğanekwe had been able to subdue | sizboylayalğan edigizboylayalğanegizyou all had been able to subdue | alaboylayalğan edileboylayalğanellethey had been able to subdue |
| Ability — past perfect | menboylayalmağan edimboylayalmağanemI hadn't been able to subdue | senboylayalmağan ediŋboylayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to subdue | olboylayalmağan ediboylayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to subdue | bizboylayalmağan edikboylayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to subdue | sizboylayalmağan edigizboylayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to subdue | alaboylayalmağan edileboylayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to subdue |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menboylayala edimboylayalaemI could subdue | senboylayala ediŋboylayalaeŋyou could subdue | olboylayala ediboylayalaedhe could subdue | bizboylayala edikboylayalaekwe could subdue | sizboylayala edigizboylayalaegizyou all could subdue | alaboylayala edileboylayalaellethey could subdue |
| Ability — past background | menboylayalmay edimboylayalmayemI could not subdue | senboylayalmay ediŋboylayalmayeŋyou could not subdue | olboylayalmay ediboylayalmayedhe could not subdue | bizboylayalmay edikboylayalmayekwe could not subdue | sizboylayalmay edigizboylayalmayegizyou all could not subdue | alaboylayalmay edileboylayalmayellethey could not subdue |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menboylayalırmaI will be able to subdue | senboylayalırsayou will be able to subdue | olboylayalırhe will be able to subdue | bizboylayalırbızwe will be able to subdue | sizboylayalırsızyou all will be able to subdue | alaboylayalırlathey will be able to subdue |
| Ability — future I | menboylayalmazmaI won't be able to subdue | senboylayalmazsayou won't be able to subdue | olboylayalmazhe won't be able to subdue | bizboylayalmazbızwe won't be able to subdue | sizboylayalmazsızyou all won't be able to subdue | alaboylayalmazlathey won't be able to subdue |
| Ability — future I | menboylayalırmamı? boylayalırmıma?will I be able to subdue? | senboylayalırmısa?will you be able to subdue? | olboylayalırmı?will he be able to subdue? | bizboylayalırbızmı? boylayalırmıbız?will we be able to subdue? | sizboylayalırmısız?will you all be able to subdue? | alaboylayalırlamı? boylayalırmıla?will they be able to subdue? |
| Ability — future I | menboylayalmazmamı? boylayalmazmıma?won't I be able to subdue? | senboylayalmazmısa?won't you be able to subdue? | olboylayalmazmı?won't he be able to subdue? | bizboylayalmazbızmı? boylayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to subdue? | sizboylayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to subdue? | alaboylayalmazlamı? boylayalmazmıla?won't they be able to subdue? |
| Ability — future II | menboylayallıqmaI am going to be able to subdue | senboylayallıqsayou are going to be able to subdue | olboylayallıqdıhe is going to be able to subdue | bizboylayallıqbızwe are going to be able to subdue | sizboylayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to subdue | alaboylayallıqdılathey are going to be able to subdue |
| Ability — future II | menboylayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to subdue | senboylayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to subdue | olboylayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to subdue | bizboylayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to subdue | sizboylayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to subdue | alaboylayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to subdue |
| Ability — future II | menboylayallıqmamı? boylayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to subdue? | senboylayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to subdue? | olboylayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to subdue? | bizboylayallıqbızmı? boylayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to subdue? | sizboylayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to subdue? | alaboylayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to subdue? |
| Ability — future II | menboylayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to subdue? | senboylayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to subdue? | olboylayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to subdue? | bizboylayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to subdue? | sizboylayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to subdue? | alaboylayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to subdue? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menboylayalır edimboylayalır emI would be able to subdue | senboylayalır ediŋboylayalır eŋyou would be able to subdue | olboylayalır ediboylayalır edhe would be able to subdue | bizboylayalır edikboylayalır ekwe would be able to subdue | sizboylayalır edigizboylayalır egizyou all would be able to subdue | alaboylayalır edileboylayalır ellethey would be able to subdue |
| Ability — would be able to… | menboylayalmaz edimboylayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to subdue | senboylayalmaz ediŋboylayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to subdue | olboylayalmaz ediboylayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to subdue | bizboylayalmaz edikboylayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to subdue | sizboylayalmaz edigizboylayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to subdue | alaboylayalmaz edileboylayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to subdue |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senboylayalğınboylayalğımay you be able to subdue | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senboylayalmağınboylayalmağımay you not be able to subdue | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menboylarğa izleymeI want to subdue | senboylarğa izleyseyou want to subdue | olboylarğa izleydihe wants to subdue | bizboylarğa izleybizwe want to subdue | sizboylarğa izleysizyou all want to subdue | alaboylarğa izleydilethey want to subdue |
| want to | menboylarğa izlemeymeI do not want to subdue | senboylarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to subdue | olboylarğa izlemeydihe does not want to subdue | bizboylarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to subdue | sizboylarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to subdue | alaboylarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to subdue |
| would like to | menboylarğa süemeI would like to subdue | senboylarğa süeseyou would like to subdue | olboylarğa süedihe would like to subdue | bizboylarğa süebizwe would like to subdue | sizboylarğa süesizyou all would like to subdue | alaboylarğa süedilethey would like to subdue |
| would like to | menboylarğa süymeymeI would not like to subdue | senboylarğa süymeyseyou would not like to subdue | olboylarğa süymeydihe would not like to subdue | bizboylarğa süymeybizwe would not like to subdue | sizboylarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to subdue | alaboylarğa süymeydilethey would not like to subdue |
| hope to | menboylarğa umutlanamaI hope to subdue | senboylarğa umutlanasayou hope to subdue | olboylarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to subdue | bizboylarğa umutlanabızwe hope to subdue | sizboylarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to subdue | alaboylarğa umutlanadılathey hope to subdue |
| hope to | menboylarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to subdue | senboylarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to subdue | olboylarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to subdue | bizboylarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to subdue | sizboylarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to subdue | alaboylarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to subdue |
| be about to | menboylarğa deb turamaI am about to subdue | senboylarğa deb turasayou are about to subdue | olboylarğa deb turadıhe is about to subdue | bizboylarğa deb turabızwe are about to subdue | sizboylarğa deb turasızyou all are about to subdue | alaboylarğa deb turadılathey are about to subdue |
| be about to | menboylarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to subdue | senboylarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to subdue | olboylarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to subdue | bizboylarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to subdue | sizboylarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to subdue | alaboylarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to subdue |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menboylarğa kerekmeI need to subdue | senboylarğa kerekseyou need to subdue | olboylarğa kerekdihe needs to subdue | bizboylarğa kerekbizwe need to subdue | sizboylarğa kereksizyou all need to subdue | alaboylarğa kerekdilethey need to subdue |
| need to | menboylarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to subdue | senboylarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to subdue | olboylarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to subdue | bizboylarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to subdue | sizboylarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to subdue | alaboylarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to subdue |
| have to | menmenŋe boylarğa tüşediI have to subdue | sensenŋe boylarğa tüşediyou have to subdue | olaŋa boylarğa tüşedihe has to subdue | bizbizge boylarğa tüşediwe have to subdue | sizsizge boylarğa tüşediyou all have to subdue | alaalağa boylarğa tüşedithey have to subdue |
| have to | menmenŋe boylarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to subdue | sensenŋe boylarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to subdue | olaŋa boylarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to subdue | bizbizge boylarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to subdue | sizsizge boylarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to subdue | alaalağa boylarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to subdue |
| be obliged to | menboylarğa borçlumaI am obliged to subdue | senboylarğa borçlusayou are obliged to subdue | olboylarğa borçluduhe is obliged to subdue | bizboylarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to subdue | sizboylarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to subdue | alaboylarğa borçludulathey are obliged to subdue |
| be obliged to | menboylarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to subdue | senboylarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to subdue | olboylarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to subdue | bizboylarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to subdue | sizboylarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to subdue | alaboylarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to subdue |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menboylarğa madarım bardıI have a way to subdue | senboylarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to subdue | olboylarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to subdue | bizboylarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to subdue | sizboylarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to subdue | alaboylarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to subdue |
| have a way to | menboylarğa madarım joqduI have no way to subdue | senboylarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to subdue | olboylarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to subdue | bizboylarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to subdue | sizboylarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to subdue | alaboylarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to subdue |
| be free to | menboylarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to subdue | senboylarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to subdue | olboylarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to subdue | bizboylarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to subdue | sizboylarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to subdue | alaboylarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to subdue |
| be free to | menboylarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to subdue | senboylarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to subdue | olboylarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to subdue | bizboylarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to subdue | sizboylarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to subdue | alaboylarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to subdue |
| be possible to | menmenŋe boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to subdue | sensenŋe boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to subdue | olaŋa boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to subdue | bizbizge boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to subdue | sizsizge boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to subdue | alaalağa boylarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to subdue |
| be possible to | menmenŋe boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to subdue | sensenŋe boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to subdue | olaŋa boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to subdue | bizbizge boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to subdue | sizsizge boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to subdue | alaalağa boylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to subdue |
| be ready to | menboylarğa hazırmaI am ready to subdue | senboylarğa hazırsayou are ready to subdue | olboylarğa hazırdıhe is ready to subdue | bizboylarğa hazırbızwe are ready to subdue | sizboylarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to subdue | alaboylarğa hazırdılathey are ready to subdue |
| be ready to | menboylarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to subdue | senboylarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to subdue | olboylarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to subdue | bizboylarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to subdue | sizboylarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to subdue | alaboylarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to subdue |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menboylarğa küreşemeI am trying to subdue | senboylarğa küreşeseyou are trying to subdue | olboylarğa küreşedihe is trying to subdue | bizboylarğa küreşebizwe are trying to subdue | sizboylarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to subdue | alaboylarğa küreşedilethey are trying to subdue |
| try to | menboylarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to subdue | senboylarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to subdue | olboylarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to subdue | bizboylarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to subdue | sizboylarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to subdue | alaboylarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to subdue |
| agree to | menboylarğa unaymaI agree to subdue | senboylarğa unaysayou agree to subdue | olboylarğa unaydıhe agrees to subdue | bizboylarğa unaybızwe agree to subdue | sizboylarğa unaysızyou all agree to subdue | alaboylarğa unaydılathey agree to subdue |
| agree to | menboylarğa unamaymaI refuse to subdue | senboylarğa unamaysayou refuse to subdue | olboylarğa unamaydıhe refuses to subdue | bizboylarğa unamaybızwe refuse to subdue | sizboylarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to subdue | alaboylarğa unamaydılathey refuse to subdue |
| hurry to | menboylarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to subdue | senboylarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to subdue | olboylarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to subdue | bizboylarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to subdue | sizboylarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to subdue | alaboylarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to subdue |
| hurry to | menboylarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to subdue | senboylarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to subdue | olboylarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to subdue | bizboylarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to subdue | sizboylarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to subdue | alaboylarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to subdue |
| be afraid to | menboylarğa qorqamaI am afraid to subdue | senboylarğa qorqasayou are afraid to subdue | olboylarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to subdue | bizboylarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to subdue | sizboylarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to subdue | alaboylarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to subdue |
| be afraid to | menboylarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to subdue | senboylarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to subdue | olboylarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to subdue | bizboylarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to subdue | sizboylarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to subdue | alaboylarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to subdue |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menboylay bolmazmaI can't be subduing | senboylay bolmazsayou can't be subduing | olboylay bolmazhe can't be subduing | bizboylay bolmazbızwe can't be subduing | sizboylay bolmazsızyou all can't be subduing | alaboylay bolmazlathey can't be subduing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menboylamay bolmazmaI must be subduing (emphatic) | senboylamay bolmazsayou must be subduing (emphatic) | olboylamay bolmazhe must be subduing (emphatic) | bizboylamay bolmazbızwe must be subduing (emphatic) | sizboylamay bolmazsızyou all must be subduing (emphatic) | alaboylamay bolmazlathey must be subduing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menboylay turmasamif I don't keep subduing | senboylay turmasaŋif you don't keep subduing | olboylay turmasaif he doesn't keep subduing | bizboylay turmasaqif we don't keep subduing | sizboylay turmasağızif you all don't keep subduing | alaboylay turmasalaif they don't keep subduing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menboylay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of subduing | senboylay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of subduing | olboylay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of subduing | bizboylay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of subduing | sizboylay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of subduing | alaboylay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of subduing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menboylamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not subduing (emphatic) | senboylamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not subduing (emphatic) | olboylamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not subduing (emphatic) | bizboylamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not subduing (emphatic) | sizboylamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not subduing (emphatic) | alaboylamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not subduing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menboylamay turamaI keep on not subduing | senboylamay turasayou keep on not subduing | olboylamay turadıhe keeps on not subduing | bizboylamay turabızwe keep on not subduing | sizboylamay turasızyou all keep on not subduing | alaboylamay turadılathey keep on not subduing |
| Progressive — double negation | menboylamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not subduing | senboylamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not subduing | olboylamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not subduing | bizboylamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not subduing | sizboylamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not subduing | alaboylamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not subduing |
| Progressive — double negation | menboylamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not subduing? | senboylamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not subduing? | olboylamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not subduing? | bizboylamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not subduing? | sizboylamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not subduing? | alaboylamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not subduing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menboylağan bolmazmaI can't have subdued | senboylağan bolmazsayou can't have subdued | olboylağan bolmazhe can't have subdued | bizboylağan bolmazbızwe can't have subdued | sizboylağan bolmazsızyou all can't have subdued | alaboylağan bolmazlathey can't have subdued |
| Inference — double negation | menboylamağan bolmazmaI must have subdued (emphatic) | senboylamağan bolmazsayou must have subdued (emphatic) | olboylamağan bolmazhe must have subdued (emphatic) | bizboylamağan bolmazbızwe must have subdued (emphatic) | sizboylamağan bolmazsızyou all must have subdued (emphatic) | alaboylamağan bolmazlathey must have subdued (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menboylağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had subdued | senboylağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had subdued | olboylağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had subdued | bizboylağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had subdued | sizboylağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had subdued | alaboylağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had subdued |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menboylamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't subdued | senboylamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't subdued | olboylamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't subdued | bizboylamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't subdued | sizboylamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't subdued | alaboylamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't subdued |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menboylarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to subdue | senboylarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to subdue | olboylarıq bolmazhe can't be going to subdue | bizboylarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to subdue | sizboylarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to subdue | alaboylarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to subdue |
| Inference, future — double negation | menboylamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to subdue (emphatic) | senboylamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to subdue (emphatic) | olboylamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to subdue (emphatic) | bizboylamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to subdue (emphatic) | sizboylamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to subdue (emphatic) | alaboylamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to subdue (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menboylarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to subdue | senboylarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to subdue | olboylarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to subdue | bizboylarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to subdue | sizboylarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to subdue | alaboylarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to subdue |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menboylamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to subdue | senboylamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to subdue | olboylamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to subdue | bizboylamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to subdue | sizboylamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to subdue | alaboylamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to subdue |