borqsurarğa
/borqsurarʁa/
billow, rise in clouds, pour out in puffs (of smoke or dust) — Used of smoke and dust: tütün borqsurab çığadı "smoke comes billowing out", buqu borqsuraydı "dust rises in clouds", and of smoke puffing from a pipe or a hearth. Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay. Guzeev 1996–2005 refers it to the form boqsurarğa.
- tütün borqsurab çığadı — smoke comes billowing out
- buqu borqsuraydı — dust rises in clouds
- borqsurağan tütün uzaqdan körünedi — the billowing smoke is seen from afar
- tütünnü borqsurağanı — the billowing of the smoke
Conjugation
Common forms
- borqsuraydıhe is billowing
- borqsuradıhe billowed
- borqsurağandıhe has billowed
- borqsurarhe will billow
- borqsurarıqdıhe is going to billow
- borqsuray edihe was billowing
- borqsurasaif he billows
- borqsura!billow!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menborqsuraymaI am billowing | senborqsuraysayou are billowing | olborqsuraydıhe is billowing | bizborqsuraybızwe are billowing | sizborqsuraysızyou all are billowing | alaborqsuraydılathey are billowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menborqsuramaymaI am not billowing | senborqsuramaysayou are not billowing | olborqsuramaydıhe is not billowing | bizborqsuramaybızwe are not billowing | sizborqsuramaysızyou all are not billowing | alaborqsuramaydılathey are not billowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menborqsuraymamı? borqsuraymıma?am I billowing? | senborqsuraymısa?are you billowing? | olborqsuraymıdı?is he billowing? | bizborqsuraybızmı? borqsuraymıbız?are we billowing? | sizborqsuraymısız?are you all billowing? | alaborqsuraymıdıla?are they billowing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menborqsuramaymamı? borqsuramaymıma?aren't I billowing? | senborqsuramaymısa?aren't you billowing? | olborqsuramaymıdı?isn't he billowing? | bizborqsuramaybızmı? borqsuramaymıbız?aren't we billowing? | sizborqsuramaymısız?aren't you all billowing? | alaborqsuramaymıdıla?aren't they billowing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menborqsurawçanmaI usually billow | senborqsurawçansayou usually billow | olborqsurawçandıhe usually billows | bizborqsurawçanbızwe usually billow | sizborqsurawçansızyou all usually billow | alaborqsurawçandılathey usually billow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menborqsuramawçanmaI usually don't billow | senborqsuramawçansayou usually don't billow | olborqsuramawçandıhe usually doesn't billow | bizborqsuramawçanbızwe usually don't billow | sizborqsuramawçansızyou all usually don't billow | alaborqsuramawçandılathey usually don't billow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menborqsurawçanmamı? borqsurawçanmıma?do I usually billow? | senborqsurawçanmısa?do you usually billow? | olborqsurawçanmıdı?does he usually billow? | bizborqsurawçanbızmı? borqsurawçanmıbız?do we usually billow? | sizborqsurawçanmısız?do you all usually billow? | alaborqsurawçanmıdıla?do they usually billow? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menborqsuramawçanmamı? borqsuramawçanmıma?do I usually not billow? | senborqsuramawçanmısa?do you usually not billow? | olborqsuramawçanmıdı?does he usually not billow? | bizborqsuramawçanbızmı? borqsuramawçanmıbız?do we usually not billow? | sizborqsuramawçanmısız?do you all usually not billow? | alaborqsuramawçanmıdıla?do they usually not billow? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olborqsurabdıhe has billowed and remains so | alaborqsurabdılathey have billowed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olborqsurabmıdı?has he billowed? | alaborqsurabmıdıla?have they billowed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menborqsurab turamaI keep billowing | senborqsurab turasayou keep billowing | olborqsurab turadıhe keeps billowing | bizborqsurab turabızwe keep billowing | sizborqsurab turasızyou all keep billowing | alaborqsurab turadılathey keep billowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menborqsurab turmaymaI don't keep billowing | senborqsurab turmaysayou don't keep billowing | olborqsurab turmaydıhe doesn't keep billowing | bizborqsurab turmaybızwe don't keep billowing | sizborqsurab turmaysızyou all don't keep billowing | alaborqsurab turmaydılathey don't keep billowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menborqsurab turamamı? borqsurab turamıma?do I keep billowing? | senborqsurab turamısa?do you keep billowing? | olborqsurab turamıdı?does he keep billowing? | bizborqsurab turabızmı? borqsurab turamıbız?do we keep billowing? | sizborqsurab turamısız?do you all keep billowing? | alaborqsurab turamıdıla?do they keep billowing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menborqsurab turmaymamı? borqsurab turmaymıma?don't I keep billowing? | senborqsurab turmaymısa?don't you keep billowing? | olborqsurab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep billowing? | bizborqsurab turmaybızmı? borqsurab turmaymıbız?don't we keep billowing? | sizborqsurab turmaymısız?don't you all keep billowing? | alaborqsurab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep billowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menborqsuray turamaI am in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray turasayou are in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray turadıhe is in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray turabızwe are in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray turasızyou all are in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray turadılathey are in the middle of billowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menborqsuray turmaymaI am not in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray turmaysayou are not in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray turmaydıhe is not in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray turmaybızwe are not in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray turmaydılathey are not in the middle of billowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menborqsuray turamamı? borqsuray turamıma?am I in the middle of billowing? | senborqsuray turamısa?are you in the middle of billowing? | olborqsuray turamıdı?is he in the middle of billowing? | bizborqsuray turabızmı? borqsuray turamıbız?are we in the middle of billowing? | sizborqsuray turamısız?are you all in the middle of billowing? | alaborqsuray turamıdıla?are they in the middle of billowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menborqsuray turmaymamı? borqsuray turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of billowing? | senborqsuray turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of billowing? | olborqsuray turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of billowing? | bizborqsuray turmaybızmı? borqsuray turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of billowing? | sizborqsuray turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of billowing? | alaborqsuray turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of billowing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menborqsuradımI billowed | senborqsuradıŋyou billowed | olborqsuradıhe billowed | bizborqsuradıqwe billowed | sizborqsuradığızyou all billowed | alaborqsuradılathey billowed |
| Simple past (definite) | menborqsuramadımI didn't billow | senborqsuramadıŋyou didn't billow | olborqsuramadıhe didn't billow | bizborqsuramadıqwe didn't billow | sizborqsuramadığızyou all didn't billow | alaborqsuramadılathey didn't billow |
| Simple past (definite) | menborqsuradımmı?did I billow? | senborqsuradıŋmı?did you billow? | olborqsuradımı?did he billow? | bizborqsuradıqmı?did we billow? | sizborqsuradığızmı?did you all billow? | alaborqsuradılamı?did they billow? |
| Simple past (definite) | menborqsuramadımmı?didn't I billow? | senborqsuramadıŋmı?didn't you billow? | olborqsuramadımı?didn't he billow? | bizborqsuramadıqmı?didn't we billow? | sizborqsuramadığızmı?didn't you all billow? | alaborqsuramadılamı?didn't they billow? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menborqsurağanmaI have billowed | senborqsurağansayou have billowed | olborqsurağandıhe has billowed | bizborqsurağanbızwe have billowed | sizborqsurağansızyou all have billowed | alaborqsurağandılathey have billowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menborqsuramağanmaI haven't billowed | senborqsuramağansayou haven't billowed | olborqsuramağandıhe hasn't billowed | bizborqsuramağanbızwe haven't billowed | sizborqsuramağansızyou all haven't billowed | alaborqsuramağandılathey haven't billowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menborqsurağanmamı? borqsurağanmıma?have I billowed? | senborqsurağanmısa?have you billowed? | olborqsurağanmıdı?has he billowed? | bizborqsurağanbızmı? borqsurağanmıbız?have we billowed? | sizborqsurağanmısız?have you all billowed? | alaborqsurağanmıdıla?have they billowed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menborqsuramağanmamı? borqsuramağanmıma?haven't I billowed? | senborqsuramağanmısa?haven't you billowed? | olborqsuramağanmıdı?hasn't he billowed? | bizborqsuramağanbızmı? borqsuramağanmıbız?haven't we billowed? | sizborqsuramağanmısız?haven't you all billowed? | alaborqsuramağanmıdıla?haven't they billowed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menborqsurab turdumI kept billowing | senborqsurab turduŋyou kept billowing | olborqsurab turduhe kept billowing | bizborqsurab turduqwe kept billowing | sizborqsurab turduğuzyou all kept billowing | alaborqsurab turdulathey kept billowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menborqsurab turmadımI didn't keep billowing | senborqsurab turmadıŋyou didn't keep billowing | olborqsurab turmadıhe didn't keep billowing | bizborqsurab turmadıqwe didn't keep billowing | sizborqsurab turmadığızyou all didn't keep billowing | alaborqsurab turmadılathey didn't keep billowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menborqsurarmaI will billow | senborqsurarsayou will billow | olborqsurarhe will billow | bizborqsurarbızwe will billow | sizborqsurarsızyou all will billow | alaborqsurarlathey will billow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menborqsuramazmaI won't billow | senborqsuramazsayou won't billow | olborqsuramazhe won't billow | bizborqsuramazbızwe won't billow | sizborqsuramazsızyou all won't billow | alaborqsuramazlathey won't billow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menborqsurarmamı? borqsurarmıma?will I billow? | senborqsurarmısa?will you billow? | olborqsurarmı?will he billow? | bizborqsurarbızmı? borqsurarmıbız?will we billow? | sizborqsurarmısız?will you all billow? | alaborqsurarlamı? borqsurarmıla?will they billow? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menborqsuramazmamı? borqsuramazmıma?won't I billow? | senborqsuramazmısa?won't you billow? | olborqsuramazmı?won't he billow? | bizborqsuramazbızmı? borqsuramazmıbız?won't we billow? | sizborqsuramazmısız?won't you all billow? | alaborqsuramazlamı? borqsuramazmıla?won't they billow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menborqsurarıqmaI am going to billow | senborqsurarıqsayou are going to billow | olborqsurarıqdıhe is going to billow | bizborqsurarıqbızwe are going to billow | sizborqsurarıqsızyou all are going to billow | alaborqsurarıqdılathey are going to billow |
| Definite future (future II) | menborqsurarıq tülmeI am not going to billow | senborqsurarıq tülseyou are not going to billow | olborqsurarıq tüldühe is not going to billow | bizborqsurarıq tülbüzwe are not going to billow | sizborqsurarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to billow | alaborqsurarıq tüldülethey are not going to billow |
| Definite future (future II) | menborqsurarıqmamı? borqsurarıqmıma?am I going to billow? | senborqsurarıqmısa?are you going to billow? | olborqsurarıqmıdı?is he going to billow? | bizborqsurarıqbızmı? borqsurarıqmıbız?are we going to billow? | sizborqsurarıqmısız?are you all going to billow? | alaborqsurarıqmıdıla?are they going to billow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menborqsurarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to billow? | senborqsurarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to billow? | olborqsurarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to billow? | bizborqsurarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to billow? | sizborqsurarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to billow? | alaborqsurarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to billow? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menborqsurağan edimborqsurağanemI had billowed | senborqsurağan ediŋborqsurağaneŋyou had billowed | olborqsurağan ediborqsurağanedhe had billowed | bizborqsurağan edikborqsurağanekwe had billowed | sizborqsurağan edigizborqsurağanegizyou all had billowed | alaborqsurağan edileborqsurağanellethey had billowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menborqsuramağan edimborqsuramağanemI hadn't billowed | senborqsuramağan ediŋborqsuramağaneŋyou hadn't billowed | olborqsuramağan ediborqsuramağanedhe hadn't billowed | bizborqsuramağan edikborqsuramağanekwe hadn't billowed | sizborqsuramağan edigizborqsuramağanegizyou all hadn't billowed | alaborqsuramağan edileborqsuramağanellethey hadn't billowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menborqsuray edimborqsurayemI was billowing | senborqsuray ediŋborqsurayeŋyou were billowing | olborqsuray ediborqsurayedhe was billowing | bizborqsuray edikborqsurayekwe were billowing | sizborqsuray edigizborqsurayegizyou all were billowing | alaborqsuray edileborqsurayellethey were billowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menborqsuramay edimborqsuramayemI wasn't billowing | senborqsuramay ediŋborqsuramayeŋyou weren't billowing | olborqsuramay ediborqsuramayedhe wasn't billowing | bizborqsuramay edikborqsuramayekwe weren't billowing | sizborqsuramay edigizborqsuramayegizyou all weren't billowing | alaborqsuramay edileborqsuramayellethey weren't billowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menborqsurawçan edimborqsurawçanemI used to billow | senborqsurawçan ediŋborqsurawçaneŋyou used to billow | olborqsurawçan ediborqsurawçanedhe used to billow | bizborqsurawçan edikborqsurawçanekwe used to billow | sizborqsurawçan edigizborqsurawçanegizyou all used to billow | alaborqsurawçan edileborqsurawçanellethey used to billow |
| Habitual past (used to) | menborqsuramawçan edimborqsuramawçanemI didn't use to billow | senborqsuramawçan ediŋborqsuramawçaneŋyou didn't use to billow | olborqsuramawçan ediborqsuramawçanedhe didn't use to billow | bizborqsuramawçan edikborqsuramawçanekwe didn't use to billow | sizborqsuramawçan edigizborqsuramawçanegizyou all didn't use to billow | alaborqsuramawçan edileborqsuramawçanellethey didn't use to billow |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olborqsurab edihe had billowed and remained so | alaborqsurab edilethey had billowed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olborqsurab tül edihe hadn't billowed | alaborqsurab tül edilethey hadn't billowed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menborqsurab tura edimborqsurab turaemI had kept billowing | senborqsurab tura ediŋborqsurab turaeŋyou had kept billowing | olborqsurab tura ediborqsurab turaedhe had kept billowing | bizborqsurab tura edikborqsurab turaekwe had kept billowing | sizborqsurab tura edigizborqsurab turaegizyou all had kept billowing | alaborqsurab tura edileborqsurab turaellethey had kept billowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menborqsurab turmay edimborqsurab turmayemI hadn't kept billowing | senborqsurab turmay ediŋborqsurab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept billowing | olborqsurab turmay ediborqsurab turmayedhe hadn't kept billowing | bizborqsurab turmay edikborqsurab turmayekwe hadn't kept billowing | sizborqsurab turmay edigizborqsurab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept billowing | alaborqsurab turmay edileborqsurab turmayellethey hadn't kept billowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menborqsuray tura edimborqsuray turaemI was in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray tura ediŋborqsuray turaeŋyou were in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray tura ediborqsuray turaedhe was in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray tura edikborqsuray turaekwe were in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray tura edigizborqsuray turaegizyou all were in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray tura edileborqsuray turaellethey were in the middle of billowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menborqsuray turmay edimborqsuray turmayemI wasn't in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray turmay ediŋborqsuray turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray turmay ediborqsuray turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray turmay edikborqsuray turmayekwe weren't in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray turmay edigizborqsuray turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray turmay edileborqsuray turmayellethey weren't in the middle of billowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menborqsurar edimborqsurar emI would billow | senborqsurar ediŋborqsurar eŋyou would billow | olborqsurar ediborqsurar edhe would billow | bizborqsurar edikborqsurar ekwe would billow | sizborqsurar edigizborqsurar egizyou all would billow | alaborqsurar edileborqsurar ellethey would billow |
| Conditional result (would) | menborqsuramaz edimborqsuramaz emI wouldn't billow | senborqsuramaz ediŋborqsuramaz eŋyou wouldn't billow | olborqsuramaz ediborqsuramaz edhe wouldn't billow | bizborqsuramaz edikborqsuramaz ekwe wouldn't billow | sizborqsuramaz edigizborqsuramaz egizyou all wouldn't billow | alaborqsuramaz edileborqsuramaz ellethey wouldn't billow |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menborqsurarıq edimborqsurarıq emI would have billowed | senborqsurarıq ediŋborqsurarıq eŋyou would have billowed | olborqsurarıq ediborqsurarıq edhe would have billowed | bizborqsurarıq edikborqsurarıq ekwe would have billowed | sizborqsurarıq edigizborqsurarıq egizyou all would have billowed | alaborqsurarıq edileborqsurarıq ellethey would have billowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menborqsurarıq tül edimborqsurarıq tül emI wouldn't have billowed | senborqsurarıq tül ediŋborqsurarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have billowed | olborqsurarıq tül ediborqsurarıq tül edhe wouldn't have billowed | bizborqsurarıq tül edikborqsurarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have billowed | sizborqsurarıq tül edigizborqsurarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have billowed | alaborqsurarıq tül edileborqsurarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have billowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menborqsurasamif I billow | senborqsurasaŋif you billow | olborqsurasaif he billows | bizborqsurasaqif we billow | sizborqsurasağızif you all billow | alaborqsurasalaif they billow |
| Conditional | menborqsuramasamif I don't billow | senborqsuramasaŋif you don't billow | olborqsuramasaif he doesn't billow | bizborqsuramasaqif we don't billow | sizborqsuramasağızif you all don't billow | alaborqsuramasalaif they don't billow |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menborqsuray esemif I am billowing | senborqsuray eseŋif you are billowing | olborqsuray eseif he is billowing | bizborqsuray esekif we are billowing | sizborqsuray esegizif you all are billowing | alaborqsuray eseleif they are billowing |
| Conditional, present real | menborqsuramay esemif I am not billowing | senborqsuramay eseŋif you are not billowing | olborqsuramay eseif he is not billowing | bizborqsuramay esekif we are not billowing | sizborqsuramay esegizif you all are not billowing | alaborqsuramay eseleif they are not billowing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menborqsurasam ediborqsurasam edif only I billowed | senborqsurasaŋ ediborqsurasaŋ edif only you billowed | olborqsurasa ediborqsurasaedif only he billowed | bizborqsurasaq ediborqsurasaq edif only we billowed | sizborqsurasağız ediborqsurasağız edif only you all billowed | alaborqsurasala ediborqsurasalaedif only they billowed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menborqsuramasam ediborqsuramasam edif only I didn't billow | senborqsuramasaŋ ediborqsuramasaŋ edif only you didn't billow | olborqsuramasa ediborqsuramasaedif only he didn't billow | bizborqsuramasaq ediborqsuramasaq edif only we didn't billow | sizborqsuramasağız ediborqsuramasağız edif only you all didn't billow | alaborqsuramasala ediborqsuramasalaedif only they didn't billow |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menborqsurab tursamif I carry on billowing | senborqsurab tursaŋif you carry on billowing | olborqsurab tursaif he carries on billowing | bizborqsurab tursaqif we carry on billowing | sizborqsurab tursağızif you all carry on billowing | alaborqsurab tursalaif they carry on billowing |
| Durative conditional | menborqsurab turmasamif I don't carry on billowing | senborqsurab turmasaŋif you don't carry on billowing | olborqsurab turmasaif he doesn't carry on billowing | bizborqsurab turmasaqif we don't carry on billowing | sizborqsurab turmasağızif you all don't carry on billowing | alaborqsurab turmasalaif they don't carry on billowing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menborqsurab tura esemif I have kept billowing | senborqsurab tura eseŋif you have kept billowing | olborqsurab tura eseif he has kept billowing | bizborqsurab tura esekif we have kept billowing | sizborqsurab tura esegizif you all have kept billowing | alaborqsurab tura eseleif they have kept billowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menborqsurab turmay esemif I haven't kept billowing | senborqsurab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept billowing | olborqsurab turmay eseif he hasn't kept billowing | bizborqsurab turmay esekif we haven't kept billowing | sizborqsurab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept billowing | alaborqsurab turmay eseleif they haven't kept billowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menborqsuray tursamif I keep billowing | senborqsuray tursaŋif you keep billowing | olborqsuray tursaif he keeps billowing | bizborqsuray tursaqif we keep billowing | sizborqsuray tursağızif you all keep billowing | alaborqsuray tursalaif they keep billowing |
| Progressive conditional | menborqsuramay tursamif I keep on not billowing | senborqsuramay tursaŋif you keep on not billowing | olborqsuramay tursaif he keeps on not billowing | bizborqsuramay tursaqif we keep on not billowing | sizborqsuramay tursağızif you all keep on not billowing | alaborqsuramay tursalaif they keep on not billowing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menborqsuray tura esemif I am in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray tura eseŋif you are in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray tura eseif he is in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray tura esekif we are in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray tura esegizif you all are in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray tura eseleif they are in the middle of billowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menborqsuramay tura esemif I keep on not billowing | senborqsuramay tura eseŋif you keep on not billowing | olborqsuramay tura eseif he keeps on not billowing | bizborqsuramay tura esekif we keep on not billowing | sizborqsuramay tura esegizif you all keep on not billowing | alaborqsuramay tura eseleif they keep on not billowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menborqsuradım esemif I billowed | senborqsuradıŋ eseŋif you billowed | olborqsuradı eseif he billowed | bizborqsuradıq esekif we billowed | sizborqsuradığız esegizif you all billowed | alaborqsuradıla eseleif they billowed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menborqsuramadım esemif I didn't billow | senborqsuramadıŋ eseŋif you didn't billow | olborqsuramadı eseif he didn't billow | bizborqsuramadıq esekif we didn't billow | sizborqsuramadığız esegizif you all didn't billow | alaborqsuramadıla eseleif they didn't billow |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menborqsurağan esemif I did billow (indeed) | senborqsurağan eseŋif you did billow (indeed) | olborqsurağan eseif he did billow (indeed) | bizborqsurağan esekif we did billow (indeed) | sizborqsurağan esegizif you all did billow (indeed) | alaborqsurağan eseleif they did billow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menborqsuramağan esemif I didn't billow (indeed) | senborqsuramağan eseŋif you didn't billow (indeed) | olborqsuramağan eseif he didn't billow (indeed) | bizborqsuramağan esekif we didn't billow (indeed) | sizborqsuramağan esegizif you all didn't billow (indeed) | alaborqsuramağan eseleif they didn't billow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menborqsurağan bolsamif I had billowed | senborqsurağan bolsaŋif you had billowed | olborqsurağan bolsaif he had billowed | bizborqsurağan bolsaqif we had billowed | sizborqsurağan bolsağızif you all had billowed | alaborqsurağan bolsalaif they had billowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menborqsuramağan bolsamif I hadn't billowed | senborqsuramağan bolsaŋif you hadn't billowed | olborqsuramağan bolsaif he hadn't billowed | bizborqsuramağan bolsaqif we hadn't billowed | sizborqsuramağan bolsağızif you all hadn't billowed | alaborqsuramağan bolsalaif they hadn't billowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menborqsurağan bolsam ediborqsurağan bolsam edif only I had billowed | senborqsurağan bolsaŋ ediborqsurağan bolsaŋ edif only you had billowed | olborqsurağan bolsa ediborqsurağan bolsaedif only he had billowed | bizborqsurağan bolsaq ediborqsurağan bolsaq edif only we had billowed | sizborqsurağan bolsağız ediborqsurağan bolsağız edif only you all had billowed | alaborqsurağan bolsala ediborqsurağan bolsalaedif only they had billowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menborqsuramağan bolsam ediborqsuramağan bolsam edif only I hadn't billowed | senborqsuramağan bolsaŋ ediborqsuramağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't billowed | olborqsuramağan bolsa ediborqsuramağan bolsaedif only he hadn't billowed | bizborqsuramağan bolsaq ediborqsuramağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't billowed | sizborqsuramağan bolsağız ediborqsuramağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't billowed | alaborqsuramağan bolsala ediborqsuramağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't billowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menborqsurar esemif I will billow | senborqsurar eseŋif you will billow | olborqsurar eseif he will billow | bizborqsurar esekif we will billow | sizborqsurar esegizif you all will billow | alaborqsurar eseleif they will billow |
| Conditional, aorist | menborqsuramaz esemif I won't billow | senborqsuramaz eseŋif you won't billow | olborqsuramaz eseif he won't billow | bizborqsuramaz esekif we won't billow | sizborqsuramaz esegizif you all won't billow | alaborqsuramaz eseleif they won't billow |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menborqsurarıq esemif I am going to billow | senborqsurarıq eseŋif you are going to billow | olborqsurarıq eseif he is going to billow | bizborqsurarıq esekif we are going to billow | sizborqsurarıq esegizif you all are going to billow | alaborqsurarıq eseleif they are going to billow |
| Conditional, future | menborqsurarıq tül esemif I am not going to billow | senborqsurarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to billow | olborqsurarıq tül eseif he is not going to billow | bizborqsurarıq tül esekif we are not going to billow | sizborqsurarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to billow | alaborqsurarıq tül eseleif they are not going to billow |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menborqsurarıq bolsamif I were going to billow | senborqsurarıq bolsaŋif you were going to billow | olborqsurarıq bolsaif he were going to billow | bizborqsurarıq bolsaqif we were going to billow | sizborqsurarıq bolsağızif you all were going to billow | alaborqsurarıq bolsalaif they were going to billow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menborqsuramazlıq bolsamif I were not going to billow | senborqsuramazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to billow | olborqsuramazlıq bolsaif he were not going to billow | bizborqsuramazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to billow | sizborqsuramazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to billow | alaborqsuramazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to billow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso borqsuradıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menborqsuray bolurmaI must be billowing | senborqsuray bolursayou must be billowing | olborqsuray bolurhe must be billowing | bizborqsuray bolurbuzwe must be billowing | sizborqsuray bolursuzyou all must be billowing | alaborqsuray bolurlathey must be billowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menborqsuramay bolurmaI must not be billowing | senborqsuramay bolursayou must not be billowing | olborqsuramay bolurhe must not be billowing | bizborqsuramay bolurbuzwe must not be billowing | sizborqsuramay bolursuzyou all must not be billowing | alaborqsuramay bolurlathey must not be billowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menborqsuray tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray tura bolursayou must be in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray tura bolurhe must be in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of billowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menborqsuramay tura bolurmaI must keep on not billowing | senborqsuramay tura bolursayou must keep on not billowing | olborqsuramay tura bolurhe must keep on not billowing | bizborqsuramay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not billowing | sizborqsuramay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not billowing | alaborqsuramay tura bolurlathey must keep on not billowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menborqsurağan bolurmaI must have billowed | senborqsurağan bolursayou must have billowed | olborqsurağan bolurhe must have billowed | bizborqsurağan bolurbuzwe must have billowed | sizborqsurağan bolursuzyou all must have billowed | alaborqsurağan bolurlathey must have billowed |
| Inference (must have) | menborqsuramağan bolurmaI must not have billowed | senborqsuramağan bolursayou must not have billowed | olborqsuramağan bolurhe must not have billowed | bizborqsuramağan bolurbuzwe must not have billowed | sizborqsuramağan bolursuzyou all must not have billowed | alaborqsuramağan bolurlathey must not have billowed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menborqsurarıq bolurmaI must be going to billow | senborqsurarıq bolursayou must be going to billow | olborqsurarıq bolurhe must be going to billow | bizborqsurarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to billow | sizborqsurarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to billow | alaborqsurarıq bolurlathey must be going to billow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menborqsuramazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to billow | senborqsuramazlıq bolursayou must not be going to billow | olborqsuramazlıq bolurhe must not be going to billow | bizborqsuramazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to billow | sizborqsuramazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to billow | alaborqsuramazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to billow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menborqsurayımlet me billow | senborqsura!billow! | olborqsurasınlet him billow | bizborqsurayıqlet's billow | sizborqsurağız!billow, you all! | alaborqsurasınlalet them billow |
| Commands & suggestions | menborqsuramayımlet me not billow | senborqsurama!don't billow! | olborqsuramasınlet him not billow | bizborqsuramayıqlet's not billow | sizborqsuramağız!don't billow, you all! | alaborqsuramasınlalet them not billow |
| Commands & suggestions | menborqsurayımmı?shall I billow? | olborqsurasınmı?should he billow? | bizborqsurayıqmı?shall we billow? | alaborqsurasınlamı?should they billow? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menborqsuramayımmı?shall I not billow? | olborqsuramasınmı?should he not billow? | bizborqsuramayıqmı?shall we not billow? | alaborqsuramasınlamı?should they not billow? | ||
| Requests | senborqsuraçı2borqsuraçınplease billow | olborqsurasınçıdo let him billow | sizborqsuraçığızplease billow (plural/polite) | alaborqsurasınlaçıdo let them billow | ||
| Requests | senborqsuramaçı2borqsuramaçınplease don't billow | olborqsuramasınçıdo let him not billow | sizborqsuramaçığızplease don't billow (plural/polite) | alaborqsuramasınlaçıdo let them not billow | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senborqsurağınborqsurağımay you billow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senborqsuramağınborqsuramağımay you not billow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menborqsurağay edim borqsurağa edimwould that I billowed | senborqsurağay ediŋ borqsurağa ediŋwould that you billowed | olborqsurağay edi borqsurağa ediwould that he billowed | bizborqsurağay edik borqsurağa edikwould that we billowed | sizborqsurağay edigiz borqsurağa edigizwould that you all billowed | alaborqsurağay edile borqsurağa edilewould that they billowed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menborqsuramağay edim borqsuramağa edimwould that I did not billow | senborqsuramağay ediŋ borqsuramağa ediŋwould that you did not billow | olborqsuramağay edi borqsuramağa ediwould that he did not billow | bizborqsuramağay edik borqsuramağa edikwould that we did not billow | sizborqsuramağay edigiz borqsuramağa edigizwould that you all did not billow | alaborqsuramağay edile borqsuramağa edilewould that they did not billow |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menborqsuramağa qoyayımborqsurama qoyayımlet me allow someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoy!borqsurama qoy!let someone billow! | olborqsuramağa qoysunborqsurama qoysunlet him allow someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoyayıqborqsurama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoyuğuz!borqsurama qoyuğuz!let someone billow, you all! | alaborqsuramağa qoysunlaborqsurama qoysunlalet them allow someone to billow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menborqsuramağa qoymayımborqsurama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoyma!borqsurama qoyma!don't let someone billow! | olborqsuramağa qoymasınborqsurama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoymayıqborqsurama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoymağız!borqsurama qoymağız!don't let someone billow, you all! | alaborqsuramağa qoymasınlaborqsurama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to billow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menborqsuramağa qoyayımmı?borqsurama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoysunmu?borqsurama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoyayıqmı?borqsurama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoysunlamı?borqsurama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to billow? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menborqsuramağa qoymayımmı?borqsurama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoymasınmı?borqsurama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoymayıqmı?borqsurama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoymasınlamı?borqsurama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to billow? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menborqsuramağa qoyamaborqsurama qoyamaI allow someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoyasaborqsurama qoyasayou allow someone to billow | olborqsuramağa qoyadıborqsurama qoyadıhe allows someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoyabızborqsurama qoyabızwe allow someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoyasızborqsurama qoyasızyou all allow someone to billow | alaborqsuramağa qoyadılaborqsurama qoyadılathey allow someone to billow |
| Let someone… (present) | menborqsuramağa qoymaymaborqsurama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoymaysaborqsurama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to billow | olborqsuramağa qoymaydıborqsurama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoymaybızborqsurama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoymaysızborqsurama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to billow | alaborqsuramağa qoymaydılaborqsurama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to billow |
| Let someone… (present) | menborqsuramağa qoyamamı?borqsurama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to billow? | senborqsuramağa qoyamısa?borqsurama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoyamıdı?borqsurama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoyabızmı?borqsurama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to billow? | sizborqsuramağa qoyamısız?borqsurama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoyamıdıla?borqsurama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to billow? |
| Let someone… (present) | menborqsuramağa qoymaymamı?borqsurama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to billow? | senborqsuramağa qoymaymısa?borqsurama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoymaymıdı?borqsurama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoymaybızmı?borqsurama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to billow? | sizborqsuramağa qoymaymısız?borqsurama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoymaymıdıla?borqsurama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to billow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menborqsuramağa qoydumborqsurama qoydumI allowed someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoyduŋborqsurama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to billow | olborqsuramağa qoyduborqsurama qoyduhe allowed someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoyduqborqsurama qoyduqwe allowed someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoyduğuzborqsurama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to billow | alaborqsuramağa qoydulaborqsurama qoydulathey allowed someone to billow |
| Let someone… (past) | menborqsuramağa qoymadımborqsurama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to billow | senborqsuramağa qoymadıŋborqsurama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to billow | olborqsuramağa qoymadıborqsurama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to billow | bizborqsuramağa qoymadıqborqsurama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to billow | sizborqsuramağa qoymadığızborqsurama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to billow | alaborqsuramağa qoymadılaborqsurama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to billow |
| Let someone… (past) | menborqsuramağa qoydummu?borqsurama qoydummu?did I allow someone to billow? | senborqsuramağa qoyduŋmu?borqsurama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoydumu?borqsurama qoydumu?did he allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoyduqmu?borqsurama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to billow? | sizborqsuramağa qoyduğuzmu?borqsurama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoydulamı?borqsurama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to billow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menborqsuramağa qoymadımmı?borqsurama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to billow? | senborqsuramağa qoymadıŋmı?borqsurama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to billow? | olborqsuramağa qoymadımı?borqsurama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to billow? | bizborqsuramağa qoymadıqmı?borqsurama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to billow? | sizborqsuramağa qoymadığızmı?borqsurama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to billow? | alaborqsuramağa qoymadılamı?borqsurama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to billow? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
borqsurayalırğa be able to billow · borqsurayalmazğa be unable to billow
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menborqsurayalamaI can billow | senborqsurayalasayou can billow | olborqsurayaladıhe can billow | bizborqsurayalabızwe can billow | sizborqsurayalasızyou all can billow | alaborqsurayaladılathey can billow |
| Ability — present | menborqsurayalmaymaI can't billow | senborqsurayalmaysayou can't billow | olborqsurayalmaydıhe can't billow | bizborqsurayalmaybızwe can't billow | sizborqsurayalmaysızyou all can't billow | alaborqsurayalmaydılathey can't billow |
| Ability — present | menborqsurayalamamı? borqsurayalamıma?can I billow? | senborqsurayalamısa?can you billow? | olborqsurayalamıdı?can he billow? | bizborqsurayalabızmı? borqsurayalamıbız?can we billow? | sizborqsurayalamısız?can you all billow? | alaborqsurayalamıdıla?can they billow? |
| Ability — present | menborqsurayalmaymamı? borqsurayalmaymıma?can't I billow? | senborqsurayalmaymısa?can't you billow? | olborqsurayalmaymıdı?can't he billow? | bizborqsurayalmaybızmı? borqsurayalmaymıbız?can't we billow? | sizborqsurayalmaymısız?can't you all billow? | alaborqsurayalmaymıdıla?can't they billow? |
| Ability — if I can… | menborqsurayalsamif I can billow | senborqsurayalsaŋif you can billow | olborqsurayalsaif he can billow | bizborqsurayalsaqif we can billow | sizborqsurayalsağızif you all can billow | alaborqsurayalsalaif they can billow |
| Ability — if I can… | menborqsurayalmasamif I can't billow | senborqsurayalmasaŋif you can't billow | olborqsurayalmasaif he can't billow | bizborqsurayalmasaqif we can't billow | sizborqsurayalmasağızif you all can't billow | alaborqsurayalmasalaif they can't billow |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menborqsurayaldımI was able to billow | senborqsurayaldıŋyou were able to billow | olborqsurayaldıhe was able to billow | bizborqsurayaldıqwe were able to billow | sizborqsurayaldığızyou all were able to billow | alaborqsurayaldılathey were able to billow |
| Ability — simple past | menborqsurayalmadımI could not billow | senborqsurayalmadıŋyou could not billow | olborqsurayalmadıhe could not billow | bizborqsurayalmadıqwe could not billow | sizborqsurayalmadığızyou all could not billow | alaborqsurayalmadılathey could not billow |
| Ability — simple past | menborqsurayaldımmı?was I able to billow? | senborqsurayaldıŋmı?were you able to billow? | olborqsurayaldımı?was he able to billow? | bizborqsurayaldıqmı?were we able to billow? | sizborqsurayaldığızmı?were you all able to billow? | alaborqsurayaldılamı?were they able to billow? |
| Ability — simple past | menborqsurayalmadımmı?couldn't I billow? | senborqsurayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you billow? | olborqsurayalmadımı?couldn't he billow? | bizborqsurayalmadıqmı?couldn't we billow? | sizborqsurayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all billow? | alaborqsurayalmadılamı?couldn't they billow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menborqsurayalğanmaI have been able to billow | senborqsurayalğansayou have been able to billow | olborqsurayalğandıhe has been able to billow | bizborqsurayalğanbızwe have been able to billow | sizborqsurayalğansızyou all have been able to billow | alaborqsurayalğandılathey have been able to billow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menborqsurayalmağanmaI haven't been able to billow | senborqsurayalmağansayou haven't been able to billow | olborqsurayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to billow | bizborqsurayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to billow | sizborqsurayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to billow | alaborqsurayalmağandılathey haven't been able to billow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menborqsurayalğanmamı? borqsurayalğanmıma?have I been able to billow? | senborqsurayalğanmısa?have you been able to billow? | olborqsurayalğanmıdı?has he been able to billow? | bizborqsurayalğanbızmı? borqsurayalğanmıbız?have we been able to billow? | sizborqsurayalğanmısız?have you all been able to billow? | alaborqsurayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to billow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menborqsurayalmağanmamı? borqsurayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to billow? | senborqsurayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to billow? | olborqsurayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to billow? | bizborqsurayalmağanbızmı? borqsurayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to billow? | sizborqsurayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to billow? | alaborqsurayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to billow? |
| Ability — past perfect | menborqsurayalğan edimborqsurayalğanemI had been able to billow | senborqsurayalğan ediŋborqsurayalğaneŋyou had been able to billow | olborqsurayalğan ediborqsurayalğanedhe had been able to billow | bizborqsurayalğan edikborqsurayalğanekwe had been able to billow | sizborqsurayalğan edigizborqsurayalğanegizyou all had been able to billow | alaborqsurayalğan edileborqsurayalğanellethey had been able to billow |
| Ability — past perfect | menborqsurayalmağan edimborqsurayalmağanemI hadn't been able to billow | senborqsurayalmağan ediŋborqsurayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to billow | olborqsurayalmağan ediborqsurayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to billow | bizborqsurayalmağan edikborqsurayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to billow | sizborqsurayalmağan edigizborqsurayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to billow | alaborqsurayalmağan edileborqsurayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to billow |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menborqsurayala edimborqsurayalaemI could billow | senborqsurayala ediŋborqsurayalaeŋyou could billow | olborqsurayala ediborqsurayalaedhe could billow | bizborqsurayala edikborqsurayalaekwe could billow | sizborqsurayala edigizborqsurayalaegizyou all could billow | alaborqsurayala edileborqsurayalaellethey could billow |
| Ability — past background | menborqsurayalmay edimborqsurayalmayemI could not billow | senborqsurayalmay ediŋborqsurayalmayeŋyou could not billow | olborqsurayalmay ediborqsurayalmayedhe could not billow | bizborqsurayalmay edikborqsurayalmayekwe could not billow | sizborqsurayalmay edigizborqsurayalmayegizyou all could not billow | alaborqsurayalmay edileborqsurayalmayellethey could not billow |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menborqsurayalırmaI will be able to billow | senborqsurayalırsayou will be able to billow | olborqsurayalırhe will be able to billow | bizborqsurayalırbızwe will be able to billow | sizborqsurayalırsızyou all will be able to billow | alaborqsurayalırlathey will be able to billow |
| Ability — future I | menborqsurayalmazmaI won't be able to billow | senborqsurayalmazsayou won't be able to billow | olborqsurayalmazhe won't be able to billow | bizborqsurayalmazbızwe won't be able to billow | sizborqsurayalmazsızyou all won't be able to billow | alaborqsurayalmazlathey won't be able to billow |
| Ability — future I | menborqsurayalırmamı? borqsurayalırmıma?will I be able to billow? | senborqsurayalırmısa?will you be able to billow? | olborqsurayalırmı?will he be able to billow? | bizborqsurayalırbızmı? borqsurayalırmıbız?will we be able to billow? | sizborqsurayalırmısız?will you all be able to billow? | alaborqsurayalırlamı? borqsurayalırmıla?will they be able to billow? |
| Ability — future I | menborqsurayalmazmamı? borqsurayalmazmıma?won't I be able to billow? | senborqsurayalmazmısa?won't you be able to billow? | olborqsurayalmazmı?won't he be able to billow? | bizborqsurayalmazbızmı? borqsurayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to billow? | sizborqsurayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to billow? | alaborqsurayalmazlamı? borqsurayalmazmıla?won't they be able to billow? |
| Ability — future II | menborqsurayallıqmaI am going to be able to billow | senborqsurayallıqsayou are going to be able to billow | olborqsurayallıqdıhe is going to be able to billow | bizborqsurayallıqbızwe are going to be able to billow | sizborqsurayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to billow | alaborqsurayallıqdılathey are going to be able to billow |
| Ability — future II | menborqsurayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to billow | senborqsurayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to billow | olborqsurayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to billow | bizborqsurayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to billow | sizborqsurayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to billow | alaborqsurayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to billow |
| Ability — future II | menborqsurayallıqmamı? borqsurayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to billow? | senborqsurayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to billow? | olborqsurayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to billow? | bizborqsurayallıqbızmı? borqsurayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to billow? | sizborqsurayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to billow? | alaborqsurayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to billow? |
| Ability — future II | menborqsurayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to billow? | senborqsurayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to billow? | olborqsurayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to billow? | bizborqsurayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to billow? | sizborqsurayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to billow? | alaborqsurayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to billow? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menborqsurayalır edimborqsurayalır emI would be able to billow | senborqsurayalır ediŋborqsurayalır eŋyou would be able to billow | olborqsurayalır ediborqsurayalır edhe would be able to billow | bizborqsurayalır edikborqsurayalır ekwe would be able to billow | sizborqsurayalır edigizborqsurayalır egizyou all would be able to billow | alaborqsurayalır edileborqsurayalır ellethey would be able to billow |
| Ability — would be able to… | menborqsurayalmaz edimborqsurayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to billow | senborqsurayalmaz ediŋborqsurayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to billow | olborqsurayalmaz ediborqsurayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to billow | bizborqsurayalmaz edikborqsurayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to billow | sizborqsurayalmaz edigizborqsurayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to billow | alaborqsurayalmaz edileborqsurayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to billow |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senborqsurayalğınborqsurayalğımay you be able to billow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senborqsurayalmağınborqsurayalmağımay you not be able to billow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menborqsurarğa izleymeI want to billow | senborqsurarğa izleyseyou want to billow | olborqsurarğa izleydihe wants to billow | bizborqsurarğa izleybizwe want to billow | sizborqsurarğa izleysizyou all want to billow | alaborqsurarğa izleydilethey want to billow |
| want to | menborqsurarğa izlemeymeI do not want to billow | senborqsurarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to billow | olborqsurarğa izlemeydihe does not want to billow | bizborqsurarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to billow | sizborqsurarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to billow | alaborqsurarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to billow |
| would like to | menborqsurarğa süemeI would like to billow | senborqsurarğa süeseyou would like to billow | olborqsurarğa süedihe would like to billow | bizborqsurarğa süebizwe would like to billow | sizborqsurarğa süesizyou all would like to billow | alaborqsurarğa süedilethey would like to billow |
| would like to | menborqsurarğa süymeymeI would not like to billow | senborqsurarğa süymeyseyou would not like to billow | olborqsurarğa süymeydihe would not like to billow | bizborqsurarğa süymeybizwe would not like to billow | sizborqsurarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to billow | alaborqsurarğa süymeydilethey would not like to billow |
| hope to | menborqsurarğa umutlanamaI hope to billow | senborqsurarğa umutlanasayou hope to billow | olborqsurarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to billow | bizborqsurarğa umutlanabızwe hope to billow | sizborqsurarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to billow | alaborqsurarğa umutlanadılathey hope to billow |
| hope to | menborqsurarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to billow | senborqsurarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to billow | olborqsurarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to billow | bizborqsurarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to billow | sizborqsurarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to billow | alaborqsurarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to billow |
| be about to | menborqsurarğa deb turamaI am about to billow | senborqsurarğa deb turasayou are about to billow | olborqsurarğa deb turadıhe is about to billow | bizborqsurarğa deb turabızwe are about to billow | sizborqsurarğa deb turasızyou all are about to billow | alaborqsurarğa deb turadılathey are about to billow |
| be about to | menborqsurarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to billow | senborqsurarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to billow | olborqsurarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to billow | bizborqsurarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to billow | sizborqsurarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to billow | alaborqsurarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to billow |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menborqsurarğa kerekmeI need to billow | senborqsurarğa kerekseyou need to billow | olborqsurarğa kerekdihe needs to billow | bizborqsurarğa kerekbizwe need to billow | sizborqsurarğa kereksizyou all need to billow | alaborqsurarğa kerekdilethey need to billow |
| need to | menborqsurarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to billow | senborqsurarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to billow | olborqsurarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to billow | bizborqsurarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to billow | sizborqsurarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to billow | alaborqsurarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to billow |
| have to | menmenŋe borqsurarğa tüşediI have to billow | sensenŋe borqsurarğa tüşediyou have to billow | olaŋa borqsurarğa tüşedihe has to billow | bizbizge borqsurarğa tüşediwe have to billow | sizsizge borqsurarğa tüşediyou all have to billow | alaalağa borqsurarğa tüşedithey have to billow |
| have to | menmenŋe borqsurarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to billow | sensenŋe borqsurarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to billow | olaŋa borqsurarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to billow | bizbizge borqsurarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to billow | sizsizge borqsurarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to billow | alaalağa borqsurarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to billow |
| be obliged to | menborqsurarğa borçlumaI am obliged to billow | senborqsurarğa borçlusayou are obliged to billow | olborqsurarğa borçluduhe is obliged to billow | bizborqsurarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to billow | sizborqsurarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to billow | alaborqsurarğa borçludulathey are obliged to billow |
| be obliged to | menborqsurarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to billow | senborqsurarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to billow | olborqsurarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to billow | bizborqsurarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to billow | sizborqsurarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to billow | alaborqsurarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to billow |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menborqsurarğa madarım bardıI have a way to billow | senborqsurarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to billow | olborqsurarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to billow | bizborqsurarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to billow | sizborqsurarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to billow | alaborqsurarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to billow |
| have a way to | menborqsurarğa madarım joqduI have no way to billow | senborqsurarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to billow | olborqsurarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to billow | bizborqsurarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to billow | sizborqsurarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to billow | alaborqsurarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to billow |
| be free to | menborqsurarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to billow | senborqsurarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to billow | olborqsurarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to billow | bizborqsurarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to billow | sizborqsurarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to billow | alaborqsurarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to billow |
| be free to | menborqsurarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to billow | senborqsurarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to billow | olborqsurarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to billow | bizborqsurarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to billow | sizborqsurarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to billow | alaborqsurarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to billow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to billow | sensenŋe borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to billow | olaŋa borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to billow | bizbizge borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to billow | sizsizge borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to billow | alaalağa borqsurarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to billow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to billow | sensenŋe borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to billow | olaŋa borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to billow | bizbizge borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to billow | sizsizge borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to billow | alaalağa borqsurarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to billow |
| be ready to | menborqsurarğa hazırmaI am ready to billow | senborqsurarğa hazırsayou are ready to billow | olborqsurarğa hazırdıhe is ready to billow | bizborqsurarğa hazırbızwe are ready to billow | sizborqsurarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to billow | alaborqsurarğa hazırdılathey are ready to billow |
| be ready to | menborqsurarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to billow | senborqsurarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to billow | olborqsurarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to billow | bizborqsurarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to billow | sizborqsurarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to billow | alaborqsurarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to billow |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menborqsurarğa küreşemeI am trying to billow | senborqsurarğa küreşeseyou are trying to billow | olborqsurarğa küreşedihe is trying to billow | bizborqsurarğa küreşebizwe are trying to billow | sizborqsurarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to billow | alaborqsurarğa küreşedilethey are trying to billow |
| try to | menborqsurarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to billow | senborqsurarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to billow | olborqsurarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to billow | bizborqsurarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to billow | sizborqsurarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to billow | alaborqsurarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to billow |
| agree to | menborqsurarğa unaymaI agree to billow | senborqsurarğa unaysayou agree to billow | olborqsurarğa unaydıhe agrees to billow | bizborqsurarğa unaybızwe agree to billow | sizborqsurarğa unaysızyou all agree to billow | alaborqsurarğa unaydılathey agree to billow |
| agree to | menborqsurarğa unamaymaI refuse to billow | senborqsurarğa unamaysayou refuse to billow | olborqsurarğa unamaydıhe refuses to billow | bizborqsurarğa unamaybızwe refuse to billow | sizborqsurarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to billow | alaborqsurarğa unamaydılathey refuse to billow |
| hurry to | menborqsurarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to billow | senborqsurarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to billow | olborqsurarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to billow | bizborqsurarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to billow | sizborqsurarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to billow | alaborqsurarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to billow |
| hurry to | menborqsurarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to billow | senborqsurarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to billow | olborqsurarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to billow | bizborqsurarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to billow | sizborqsurarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to billow | alaborqsurarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to billow |
| be afraid to | menborqsurarğa qorqamaI am afraid to billow | senborqsurarğa qorqasayou are afraid to billow | olborqsurarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to billow | bizborqsurarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to billow | sizborqsurarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to billow | alaborqsurarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to billow |
| be afraid to | menborqsurarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to billow | senborqsurarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to billow | olborqsurarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to billow | bizborqsurarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to billow | sizborqsurarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to billow | alaborqsurarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to billow |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menborqsuray bolmazmaI can't be billowing | senborqsuray bolmazsayou can't be billowing | olborqsuray bolmazhe can't be billowing | bizborqsuray bolmazbızwe can't be billowing | sizborqsuray bolmazsızyou all can't be billowing | alaborqsuray bolmazlathey can't be billowing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menborqsuramay bolmazmaI must be billowing (emphatic) | senborqsuramay bolmazsayou must be billowing (emphatic) | olborqsuramay bolmazhe must be billowing (emphatic) | bizborqsuramay bolmazbızwe must be billowing (emphatic) | sizborqsuramay bolmazsızyou all must be billowing (emphatic) | alaborqsuramay bolmazlathey must be billowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menborqsuray turmasamif I don't keep billowing | senborqsuray turmasaŋif you don't keep billowing | olborqsuray turmasaif he doesn't keep billowing | bizborqsuray turmasaqif we don't keep billowing | sizborqsuray turmasağızif you all don't keep billowing | alaborqsuray turmasalaif they don't keep billowing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menborqsuray tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of billowing | senborqsuray tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of billowing | olborqsuray tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of billowing | bizborqsuray tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of billowing | sizborqsuray tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of billowing | alaborqsuray tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of billowing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menborqsuramay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not billowing (emphatic) | senborqsuramay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not billowing (emphatic) | olborqsuramay tura bolmazhe must keep on not billowing (emphatic) | bizborqsuramay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not billowing (emphatic) | sizborqsuramay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not billowing (emphatic) | alaborqsuramay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not billowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menborqsuramay turamaI keep on not billowing | senborqsuramay turasayou keep on not billowing | olborqsuramay turadıhe keeps on not billowing | bizborqsuramay turabızwe keep on not billowing | sizborqsuramay turasızyou all keep on not billowing | alaborqsuramay turadılathey keep on not billowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menborqsuramay turmaymaI am not keeping on not billowing | senborqsuramay turmaysayou are not keeping on not billowing | olborqsuramay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not billowing | bizborqsuramay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not billowing | sizborqsuramay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not billowing | alaborqsuramay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not billowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menborqsuramay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not billowing? | senborqsuramay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not billowing? | olborqsuramay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not billowing? | bizborqsuramay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not billowing? | sizborqsuramay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not billowing? | alaborqsuramay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not billowing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menborqsurağan bolmazmaI can't have billowed | senborqsurağan bolmazsayou can't have billowed | olborqsurağan bolmazhe can't have billowed | bizborqsurağan bolmazbızwe can't have billowed | sizborqsurağan bolmazsızyou all can't have billowed | alaborqsurağan bolmazlathey can't have billowed |
| Inference — double negation | menborqsuramağan bolmazmaI must have billowed (emphatic) | senborqsuramağan bolmazsayou must have billowed (emphatic) | olborqsuramağan bolmazhe must have billowed (emphatic) | bizborqsuramağan bolmazbızwe must have billowed (emphatic) | sizborqsuramağan bolmazsızyou all must have billowed (emphatic) | alaborqsuramağan bolmazlathey must have billowed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menborqsurağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had billowed | senborqsurağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had billowed | olborqsurağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had billowed | bizborqsurağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had billowed | sizborqsurağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had billowed | alaborqsurağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had billowed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menborqsuramağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't billowed | senborqsuramağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't billowed | olborqsuramağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't billowed | bizborqsuramağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't billowed | sizborqsuramağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't billowed | alaborqsuramağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't billowed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menborqsurarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to billow | senborqsurarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to billow | olborqsurarıq bolmazhe can't be going to billow | bizborqsurarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to billow | sizborqsurarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to billow | alaborqsurarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to billow |
| Inference, future — double negation | menborqsuramazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to billow (emphatic) | senborqsuramazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to billow (emphatic) | olborqsuramazlıq bolmazhe must be going to billow (emphatic) | bizborqsuramazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to billow (emphatic) | sizborqsuramazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to billow (emphatic) | alaborqsuramazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to billow (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menborqsurarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to billow | senborqsurarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to billow | olborqsurarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to billow | bizborqsurarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to billow | sizborqsurarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to billow | alaborqsurarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to billow |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menborqsuramazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to billow | senborqsuramazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to billow | olborqsuramazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to billow | bizborqsuramazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to billow | sizborqsuramazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to billow | alaborqsuramazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to billow |