çimderge
/tʃimderɡe/
pinch — The Karachay form of çimdirge; Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 and Guzeev 1996–2005 both mark it Karachay. Nevruz 1991 also shows it used of a cold wind that pinches the face and of needling someone with words.
- anı bileginden çimdedi — pinched her on the wrist
- bazıq butundan açığınçı çimdedi — pinched the thick thigh until it hurt
- suwuq jel betimi çimdeydi — the cold wind pinches my face
- çimdeb janımı açıtdıŋ — you hurt me by pinching
Conjugation
Common forms
- çimdeydihe is pinching
- çimdedihe pinched
- çimdegendihe has pinched
- çimderhe will pinch
- çimderikdihe is going to pinch
- çimdey edihe was pinching
- çimdeseif he pinches
- çimde!pinch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençimdeymeI am pinching | sençimdeyseyou are pinching | olçimdeydihe is pinching | bizçimdeybizwe are pinching | sizçimdeysizyou all are pinching | alaçimdeydilethey are pinching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençimdemeymeI am not pinching | sençimdemeyseyou are not pinching | olçimdemeydihe is not pinching | bizçimdemeybizwe are not pinching | sizçimdemeysizyou all are not pinching | alaçimdemeydilethey are not pinching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençimdeymemi? çimdeymime?am I pinching? | sençimdeymise?are you pinching? | olçimdeymidi?is he pinching? | bizçimdeybizmi? çimdeymibiz?are we pinching? | sizçimdeymisiz?are you all pinching? | alaçimdeymidile?are they pinching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençimdemeymemi? çimdemeymime?aren't I pinching? | sençimdemeymise?aren't you pinching? | olçimdemeymidi?isn't he pinching? | bizçimdemeybizmi? çimdemeymibiz?aren't we pinching? | sizçimdemeymisiz?aren't you all pinching? | alaçimdemeymidile?aren't they pinching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençimdewçenmeI usually pinch | sençimdewçenseyou usually pinch | olçimdewçendihe usually pinches | bizçimdewçenbizwe usually pinch | sizçimdewçensizyou all usually pinch | alaçimdewçendilethey usually pinch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençimdemewçenmeI usually don't pinch | sençimdemewçenseyou usually don't pinch | olçimdemewçendihe usually doesn't pinch | bizçimdemewçenbizwe usually don't pinch | sizçimdemewçensizyou all usually don't pinch | alaçimdemewçendilethey usually don't pinch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençimdewçenmemi? çimdewçenmime?do I usually pinch? | sençimdewçenmise?do you usually pinch? | olçimdewçenmidi?does he usually pinch? | bizçimdewçenbizmi? çimdewçenmibiz?do we usually pinch? | sizçimdewçenmisiz?do you all usually pinch? | alaçimdewçenmidile?do they usually pinch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençimdemewçenmemi? çimdemewçenmime?do I usually not pinch? | sençimdemewçenmise?do you usually not pinch? | olçimdemewçenmidi?does he usually not pinch? | bizçimdemewçenbizmi? çimdemewçenmibiz?do we usually not pinch? | sizçimdemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not pinch? | alaçimdemewçenmidile?do they usually not pinch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçimdebdihe has pinched and remains so | alaçimdebdilethey have pinched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçimdebmidi?has he pinched? | alaçimdebmidile?have they pinched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençimdeb turamaI keep pinching | sençimdeb turasayou keep pinching | olçimdeb turadıhe keeps pinching | bizçimdeb turabızwe keep pinching | sizçimdeb turasızyou all keep pinching | alaçimdeb turadılathey keep pinching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençimdeb turmaymaI don't keep pinching | sençimdeb turmaysayou don't keep pinching | olçimdeb turmaydıhe doesn't keep pinching | bizçimdeb turmaybızwe don't keep pinching | sizçimdeb turmaysızyou all don't keep pinching | alaçimdeb turmaydılathey don't keep pinching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençimdeb turamamı? çimdeb turamıma?do I keep pinching? | sençimdeb turamısa?do you keep pinching? | olçimdeb turamıdı?does he keep pinching? | bizçimdeb turabızmı? çimdeb turamıbız?do we keep pinching? | sizçimdeb turamısız?do you all keep pinching? | alaçimdeb turamıdıla?do they keep pinching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençimdeb turmaymamı? çimdeb turmaymıma?don't I keep pinching? | sençimdeb turmaymısa?don't you keep pinching? | olçimdeb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep pinching? | bizçimdeb turmaybızmı? çimdeb turmaymıbız?don't we keep pinching? | sizçimdeb turmaymısız?don't you all keep pinching? | alaçimdeb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep pinching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençimdey turamaI am in the middle of pinching | sençimdey turasayou are in the middle of pinching | olçimdey turadıhe is in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey turabızwe are in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey turasızyou all are in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey turadılathey are in the middle of pinching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençimdey turmaymaI am not in the middle of pinching | sençimdey turmaysayou are not in the middle of pinching | olçimdey turmaydıhe is not in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey turmaybızwe are not in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey turmaydılathey are not in the middle of pinching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençimdey turamamı? çimdey turamıma?am I in the middle of pinching? | sençimdey turamısa?are you in the middle of pinching? | olçimdey turamıdı?is he in the middle of pinching? | bizçimdey turabızmı? çimdey turamıbız?are we in the middle of pinching? | sizçimdey turamısız?are you all in the middle of pinching? | alaçimdey turamıdıla?are they in the middle of pinching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençimdey turmaymamı? çimdey turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of pinching? | sençimdey turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of pinching? | olçimdey turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of pinching? | bizçimdey turmaybızmı? çimdey turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of pinching? | sizçimdey turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of pinching? | alaçimdey turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of pinching? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençimdedimI pinched | sençimdediŋyou pinched | olçimdedihe pinched | bizçimdedikwe pinched | sizçimdedigizyou all pinched | alaçimdedilethey pinched |
| Simple past (definite) | mençimdemedimI didn't pinch | sençimdemediŋyou didn't pinch | olçimdemedihe didn't pinch | bizçimdemedikwe didn't pinch | sizçimdemedigizyou all didn't pinch | alaçimdemedilethey didn't pinch |
| Simple past (definite) | mençimdedimmi?did I pinch? | sençimdediŋmi?did you pinch? | olçimdedimi?did he pinch? | bizçimdedikmi?did we pinch? | sizçimdedigizmi?did you all pinch? | alaçimdedilemi?did they pinch? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençimdemedimmi?didn't I pinch? | sençimdemediŋmi?didn't you pinch? | olçimdemedimi?didn't he pinch? | bizçimdemedikmi?didn't we pinch? | sizçimdemedigizmi?didn't you all pinch? | alaçimdemedilemi?didn't they pinch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençimdegenmeI have pinched | sençimdegenseyou have pinched | olçimdegendihe has pinched | bizçimdegenbizwe have pinched | sizçimdegensizyou all have pinched | alaçimdegendilethey have pinched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençimdemegenmeI haven't pinched | sençimdemegenseyou haven't pinched | olçimdemegendihe hasn't pinched | bizçimdemegenbizwe haven't pinched | sizçimdemegensizyou all haven't pinched | alaçimdemegendilethey haven't pinched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençimdegenmemi? çimdegenmime?have I pinched? | sençimdegenmise?have you pinched? | olçimdegenmidi?has he pinched? | bizçimdegenbizmi? çimdegenmibiz?have we pinched? | sizçimdegenmisiz?have you all pinched? | alaçimdegenmidile?have they pinched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençimdemegenmemi? çimdemegenmime?haven't I pinched? | sençimdemegenmise?haven't you pinched? | olçimdemegenmidi?hasn't he pinched? | bizçimdemegenbizmi? çimdemegenmibiz?haven't we pinched? | sizçimdemegenmisiz?haven't you all pinched? | alaçimdemegenmidile?haven't they pinched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençimdeb turdumI kept pinching | sençimdeb turduŋyou kept pinching | olçimdeb turduhe kept pinching | bizçimdeb turduqwe kept pinching | sizçimdeb turduğuzyou all kept pinching | alaçimdeb turdulathey kept pinching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençimdeb turmadımI didn't keep pinching | sençimdeb turmadıŋyou didn't keep pinching | olçimdeb turmadıhe didn't keep pinching | bizçimdeb turmadıqwe didn't keep pinching | sizçimdeb turmadığızyou all didn't keep pinching | alaçimdeb turmadılathey didn't keep pinching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençimdermeI will pinch | sençimderseyou will pinch | olçimderhe will pinch | bizçimderbizwe will pinch | sizçimdersizyou all will pinch | alaçimderlethey will pinch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençimdemezmeI won't pinch | sençimdemezseyou won't pinch | olçimdemezhe won't pinch | bizçimdemezbizwe won't pinch | sizçimdemezsizyou all won't pinch | alaçimdemezlethey won't pinch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençimdermemi? çimdermime?will I pinch? | sençimdermise?will you pinch? | olçimdermi?will he pinch? | bizçimderbizmi? çimdermibiz?will we pinch? | sizçimdermisiz?will you all pinch? | alaçimderlemi? çimdermile?will they pinch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençimdemezmemi? çimdemezmime?won't I pinch? | sençimdemezmise?won't you pinch? | olçimdemezmi?won't he pinch? | bizçimdemezbizmi? çimdemezmibiz?won't we pinch? | sizçimdemezmisiz?won't you all pinch? | alaçimdemezlemi? çimdemezmile?won't they pinch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençimderikmeI am going to pinch | sençimderikseyou are going to pinch | olçimderikdihe is going to pinch | bizçimderikbizwe are going to pinch | sizçimderiksizyou all are going to pinch | alaçimderikdilethey are going to pinch |
| Definite future (future II) | mençimderik tülmeI am not going to pinch | sençimderik tülseyou are not going to pinch | olçimderik tüldühe is not going to pinch | bizçimderik tülbüzwe are not going to pinch | sizçimderik tülsüzyou all are not going to pinch | alaçimderik tüldülethey are not going to pinch |
| Definite future (future II) | mençimderikmemi? çimderikmime?am I going to pinch? | sençimderikmise?are you going to pinch? | olçimderikmidi?is he going to pinch? | bizçimderikbizmi? çimderikmibiz?are we going to pinch? | sizçimderikmisiz?are you all going to pinch? | alaçimderikmidile?are they going to pinch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençimderik tülmüme?aren't I going to pinch? | sençimderik tülmüse?aren't you going to pinch? | olçimderik tülmüdü?isn't he going to pinch? | bizçimderik tülmübüz?aren't we going to pinch? | sizçimderik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to pinch? | alaçimderik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to pinch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençimdegen edimçimdegenemI had pinched | sençimdegen ediŋçimdegeneŋyou had pinched | olçimdegen ediçimdegenedhe had pinched | bizçimdegen edikçimdegenekwe had pinched | sizçimdegen edigizçimdegenegizyou all had pinched | alaçimdegen edileçimdegenellethey had pinched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençimdemegen edimçimdemegenemI hadn't pinched | sençimdemegen ediŋçimdemegeneŋyou hadn't pinched | olçimdemegen ediçimdemegenedhe hadn't pinched | bizçimdemegen edikçimdemegenekwe hadn't pinched | sizçimdemegen edigizçimdemegenegizyou all hadn't pinched | alaçimdemegen edileçimdemegenellethey hadn't pinched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençimdey edimçimdeyemI was pinching | sençimdey ediŋçimdeyeŋyou were pinching | olçimdey ediçimdeyedhe was pinching | bizçimdey edikçimdeyekwe were pinching | sizçimdey edigizçimdeyegizyou all were pinching | alaçimdey edileçimdeyellethey were pinching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençimdemey edimçimdemeyemI wasn't pinching | sençimdemey ediŋçimdemeyeŋyou weren't pinching | olçimdemey ediçimdemeyedhe wasn't pinching | bizçimdemey edikçimdemeyekwe weren't pinching | sizçimdemey edigizçimdemeyegizyou all weren't pinching | alaçimdemey edileçimdemeyellethey weren't pinching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençimdewçen edimçimdewçenemI used to pinch | sençimdewçen ediŋçimdewçeneŋyou used to pinch | olçimdewçen ediçimdewçenedhe used to pinch | bizçimdewçen edikçimdewçenekwe used to pinch | sizçimdewçen edigizçimdewçenegizyou all used to pinch | alaçimdewçen edileçimdewçenellethey used to pinch |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençimdemewçen edimçimdemewçenemI didn't use to pinch | sençimdemewçen ediŋçimdemewçeneŋyou didn't use to pinch | olçimdemewçen ediçimdemewçenedhe didn't use to pinch | bizçimdemewçen edikçimdemewçenekwe didn't use to pinch | sizçimdemewçen edigizçimdemewçenegizyou all didn't use to pinch | alaçimdemewçen edileçimdemewçenellethey didn't use to pinch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçimdeb edihe had pinched and remained so | alaçimdeb edilethey had pinched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçimdeb tül edihe hadn't pinched | alaçimdeb tül edilethey hadn't pinched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençimdeb tura edimçimdeb turaemI had kept pinching | sençimdeb tura ediŋçimdeb turaeŋyou had kept pinching | olçimdeb tura ediçimdeb turaedhe had kept pinching | bizçimdeb tura edikçimdeb turaekwe had kept pinching | sizçimdeb tura edigizçimdeb turaegizyou all had kept pinching | alaçimdeb tura edileçimdeb turaellethey had kept pinching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençimdeb turmay edimçimdeb turmayemI hadn't kept pinching | sençimdeb turmay ediŋçimdeb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept pinching | olçimdeb turmay ediçimdeb turmayedhe hadn't kept pinching | bizçimdeb turmay edikçimdeb turmayekwe hadn't kept pinching | sizçimdeb turmay edigizçimdeb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept pinching | alaçimdeb turmay edileçimdeb turmayellethey hadn't kept pinching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençimdey tura edimçimdey turaemI was in the middle of pinching | sençimdey tura ediŋçimdey turaeŋyou were in the middle of pinching | olçimdey tura ediçimdey turaedhe was in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey tura edikçimdey turaekwe were in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey tura edigizçimdey turaegizyou all were in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey tura edileçimdey turaellethey were in the middle of pinching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençimdey turmay edimçimdey turmayemI wasn't in the middle of pinching | sençimdey turmay ediŋçimdey turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of pinching | olçimdey turmay ediçimdey turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey turmay edikçimdey turmayekwe weren't in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey turmay edigizçimdey turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey turmay edileçimdey turmayellethey weren't in the middle of pinching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençimder edimçimder emI would pinch | sençimder ediŋçimder eŋyou would pinch | olçimder ediçimder edhe would pinch | bizçimder edikçimder ekwe would pinch | sizçimder edigizçimder egizyou all would pinch | alaçimder edileçimder ellethey would pinch |
| Conditional result (would) | mençimdemez edimçimdemez emI wouldn't pinch | sençimdemez ediŋçimdemez eŋyou wouldn't pinch | olçimdemez ediçimdemez edhe wouldn't pinch | bizçimdemez edikçimdemez ekwe wouldn't pinch | sizçimdemez edigizçimdemez egizyou all wouldn't pinch | alaçimdemez edileçimdemez ellethey wouldn't pinch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençimderik edimçimderik emI would have pinched | sençimderik ediŋçimderik eŋyou would have pinched | olçimderik ediçimderik edhe would have pinched | bizçimderik edikçimderik ekwe would have pinched | sizçimderik edigizçimderik egizyou all would have pinched | alaçimderik edileçimderik ellethey would have pinched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençimderik tül edimçimderik tül emI wouldn't have pinched | sençimderik tül ediŋçimderik tül eŋyou wouldn't have pinched | olçimderik tül ediçimderik tül edhe wouldn't have pinched | bizçimderik tül edikçimderik tül ekwe wouldn't have pinched | sizçimderik tül edigizçimderik tül egizyou all wouldn't have pinched | alaçimderik tül edileçimderik tül ellethey wouldn't have pinched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençimdesemif I pinch | sençimdeseŋif you pinch | olçimdeseif he pinches | bizçimdesekif we pinch | sizçimdesegizif you all pinch | alaçimdeseleif they pinch |
| Conditional | mençimdemesemif I don't pinch | sençimdemeseŋif you don't pinch | olçimdemeseif he doesn't pinch | bizçimdemesekif we don't pinch | sizçimdemesegizif you all don't pinch | alaçimdemeseleif they don't pinch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençimdey esemif I am pinching | sençimdey eseŋif you are pinching | olçimdey eseif he is pinching | bizçimdey esekif we are pinching | sizçimdey esegizif you all are pinching | alaçimdey eseleif they are pinching |
| Conditional, present real | mençimdemey esemif I am not pinching | sençimdemey eseŋif you are not pinching | olçimdemey eseif he is not pinching | bizçimdemey esekif we are not pinching | sizçimdemey esegizif you all are not pinching | alaçimdemey eseleif they are not pinching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençimdesem ediçimdesem edif only I pinched | sençimdeseŋ ediçimdeseŋ edif only you pinched | olçimdese ediçimdesedif only he pinched | bizçimdesek ediçimdesek edif only we pinched | sizçimdesegiz ediçimdesegiz edif only you all pinched | alaçimdesele ediçimdeseledif only they pinched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençimdemesem ediçimdemesem edif only I didn't pinch | sençimdemeseŋ ediçimdemeseŋ edif only you didn't pinch | olçimdemese ediçimdemesedif only he didn't pinch | bizçimdemesek ediçimdemesek edif only we didn't pinch | sizçimdemesegiz ediçimdemesegiz edif only you all didn't pinch | alaçimdemesele ediçimdemeseledif only they didn't pinch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençimdeb tursamif I carry on pinching | sençimdeb tursaŋif you carry on pinching | olçimdeb tursaif he carries on pinching | bizçimdeb tursaqif we carry on pinching | sizçimdeb tursağızif you all carry on pinching | alaçimdeb tursalaif they carry on pinching |
| Durative conditional | mençimdeb turmasamif I don't carry on pinching | sençimdeb turmasaŋif you don't carry on pinching | olçimdeb turmasaif he doesn't carry on pinching | bizçimdeb turmasaqif we don't carry on pinching | sizçimdeb turmasağızif you all don't carry on pinching | alaçimdeb turmasalaif they don't carry on pinching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençimdeb tura esemif I have kept pinching | sençimdeb tura eseŋif you have kept pinching | olçimdeb tura eseif he has kept pinching | bizçimdeb tura esekif we have kept pinching | sizçimdeb tura esegizif you all have kept pinching | alaçimdeb tura eseleif they have kept pinching |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençimdeb turmay esemif I haven't kept pinching | sençimdeb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept pinching | olçimdeb turmay eseif he hasn't kept pinching | bizçimdeb turmay esekif we haven't kept pinching | sizçimdeb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept pinching | alaçimdeb turmay eseleif they haven't kept pinching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençimdey tursamif I keep pinching | sençimdey tursaŋif you keep pinching | olçimdey tursaif he keeps pinching | bizçimdey tursaqif we keep pinching | sizçimdey tursağızif you all keep pinching | alaçimdey tursalaif they keep pinching |
| Progressive conditional | mençimdemey tursamif I keep on not pinching | sençimdemey tursaŋif you keep on not pinching | olçimdemey tursaif he keeps on not pinching | bizçimdemey tursaqif we keep on not pinching | sizçimdemey tursağızif you all keep on not pinching | alaçimdemey tursalaif they keep on not pinching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençimdey tura esemif I am in the middle of pinching | sençimdey tura eseŋif you are in the middle of pinching | olçimdey tura eseif he is in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey tura esekif we are in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey tura esegizif you all are in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey tura eseleif they are in the middle of pinching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençimdemey tura esemif I keep on not pinching | sençimdemey tura eseŋif you keep on not pinching | olçimdemey tura eseif he keeps on not pinching | bizçimdemey tura esekif we keep on not pinching | sizçimdemey tura esegizif you all keep on not pinching | alaçimdemey tura eseleif they keep on not pinching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençimdedim esemif I pinched | sençimdediŋ eseŋif you pinched | olçimdedi eseif he pinched | bizçimdedik esekif we pinched | sizçimdedigiz esegizif you all pinched | alaçimdedile eseleif they pinched |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençimdemedim esemif I didn't pinch | sençimdemediŋ eseŋif you didn't pinch | olçimdemedi eseif he didn't pinch | bizçimdemedik esekif we didn't pinch | sizçimdemedigiz esegizif you all didn't pinch | alaçimdemedile eseleif they didn't pinch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençimdegen esemif I did pinch (indeed) | sençimdegen eseŋif you did pinch (indeed) | olçimdegen eseif he did pinch (indeed) | bizçimdegen esekif we did pinch (indeed) | sizçimdegen esegizif you all did pinch (indeed) | alaçimdegen eseleif they did pinch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençimdemegen esemif I didn't pinch (indeed) | sençimdemegen eseŋif you didn't pinch (indeed) | olçimdemegen eseif he didn't pinch (indeed) | bizçimdemegen esekif we didn't pinch (indeed) | sizçimdemegen esegizif you all didn't pinch (indeed) | alaçimdemegen eseleif they didn't pinch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençimdegen bolsamif I had pinched | sençimdegen bolsaŋif you had pinched | olçimdegen bolsaif he had pinched | bizçimdegen bolsaqif we had pinched | sizçimdegen bolsağızif you all had pinched | alaçimdegen bolsalaif they had pinched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençimdemegen bolsamif I hadn't pinched | sençimdemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't pinched | olçimdemegen bolsaif he hadn't pinched | bizçimdemegen bolsaqif we hadn't pinched | sizçimdemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't pinched | alaçimdemegen bolsalaif they hadn't pinched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençimdegen bolsam ediçimdegen bolsam edif only I had pinched | sençimdegen bolsaŋ ediçimdegen bolsaŋ edif only you had pinched | olçimdegen bolsa ediçimdegen bolsaedif only he had pinched | bizçimdegen bolsaq ediçimdegen bolsaq edif only we had pinched | sizçimdegen bolsağız ediçimdegen bolsağız edif only you all had pinched | alaçimdegen bolsala ediçimdegen bolsalaedif only they had pinched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençimdemegen bolsam ediçimdemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't pinched | sençimdemegen bolsaŋ ediçimdemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't pinched | olçimdemegen bolsa ediçimdemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't pinched | bizçimdemegen bolsaq ediçimdemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't pinched | sizçimdemegen bolsağız ediçimdemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't pinched | alaçimdemegen bolsala ediçimdemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't pinched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençimder esemif I will pinch | sençimder eseŋif you will pinch | olçimder eseif he will pinch | bizçimder esekif we will pinch | sizçimder esegizif you all will pinch | alaçimder eseleif they will pinch |
| Conditional, aorist | mençimdemez esemif I won't pinch | sençimdemez eseŋif you won't pinch | olçimdemez eseif he won't pinch | bizçimdemez esekif we won't pinch | sizçimdemez esegizif you all won't pinch | alaçimdemez eseleif they won't pinch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençimderik esemif I am going to pinch | sençimderik eseŋif you are going to pinch | olçimderik eseif he is going to pinch | bizçimderik esekif we are going to pinch | sizçimderik esegizif you all are going to pinch | alaçimderik eseleif they are going to pinch |
| Conditional, future | mençimderik tül esemif I am not going to pinch | sençimderik tül eseŋif you are not going to pinch | olçimderik tül eseif he is not going to pinch | bizçimderik tül esekif we are not going to pinch | sizçimderik tül esegizif you all are not going to pinch | alaçimderik tül eseleif they are not going to pinch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençimderik bolsamif I were going to pinch | sençimderik bolsaŋif you were going to pinch | olçimderik bolsaif he were going to pinch | bizçimderik bolsaqif we were going to pinch | sizçimderik bolsağızif you all were going to pinch | alaçimderik bolsalaif they were going to pinch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençimdemezlik bolsamif I were not going to pinch | sençimdemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to pinch | olçimdemezlik bolsaif he were not going to pinch | bizçimdemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to pinch | sizçimdemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to pinch | alaçimdemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to pinch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çimdediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençimdey bolurmaI must be pinching | sençimdey bolursayou must be pinching | olçimdey bolurhe must be pinching | bizçimdey bolurbuzwe must be pinching | sizçimdey bolursuzyou all must be pinching | alaçimdey bolurlathey must be pinching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençimdemey bolurmaI must not be pinching | sençimdemey bolursayou must not be pinching | olçimdemey bolurhe must not be pinching | bizçimdemey bolurbuzwe must not be pinching | sizçimdemey bolursuzyou all must not be pinching | alaçimdemey bolurlathey must not be pinching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençimdey tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of pinching | sençimdey tura bolursayou must be in the middle of pinching | olçimdey tura bolurhe must be in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of pinching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençimdemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not pinching | sençimdemey tura bolursayou must keep on not pinching | olçimdemey tura bolurhe must keep on not pinching | bizçimdemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not pinching | sizçimdemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not pinching | alaçimdemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not pinching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençimdegen bolurmaI must have pinched | sençimdegen bolursayou must have pinched | olçimdegen bolurhe must have pinched | bizçimdegen bolurbuzwe must have pinched | sizçimdegen bolursuzyou all must have pinched | alaçimdegen bolurlathey must have pinched |
| Inference (must have) | mençimdemegen bolurmaI must not have pinched | sençimdemegen bolursayou must not have pinched | olçimdemegen bolurhe must not have pinched | bizçimdemegen bolurbuzwe must not have pinched | sizçimdemegen bolursuzyou all must not have pinched | alaçimdemegen bolurlathey must not have pinched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençimderik bolurmaI must be going to pinch | sençimderik bolursayou must be going to pinch | olçimderik bolurhe must be going to pinch | bizçimderik bolurbuzwe must be going to pinch | sizçimderik bolursuzyou all must be going to pinch | alaçimderik bolurlathey must be going to pinch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençimdemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to pinch | sençimdemezlik bolursayou must not be going to pinch | olçimdemezlik bolurhe must not be going to pinch | bizçimdemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to pinch | sizçimdemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to pinch | alaçimdemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to pinch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençimdeyimlet me pinch | sençimde!pinch! | olçimdesinlet him pinch | bizçimdeyiklet's pinch | sizçimdegiz!pinch, you all! | alaçimdesinlelet them pinch |
| Commands & suggestions | mençimdemeyimlet me not pinch | sençimdeme!don't pinch! | olçimdemesinlet him not pinch | bizçimdemeyiklet's not pinch | sizçimdemegiz!don't pinch, you all! | alaçimdemesinlelet them not pinch |
| Commands & suggestions | mençimdeyimmi?shall I pinch? | olçimdesinmi?should he pinch? | bizçimdeyikmi?shall we pinch? | alaçimdesinlemi?should they pinch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençimdemeyimmi?shall I not pinch? | olçimdemesinmi?should he not pinch? | bizçimdemeyikmi?shall we not pinch? | alaçimdemesinlemi?should they not pinch? | ||
| Requests | sençimdeçi2çimdeçinplease pinch | olçimdesinçido let him pinch | sizçimdeçigizplease pinch (plural/polite) | alaçimdesinleçido let them pinch | ||
| Requests | sençimdemeçi2çimdemeçinplease don't pinch | olçimdemesinçido let him not pinch | sizçimdemeçigizplease don't pinch (plural/polite) | alaçimdemesinleçido let them not pinch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençimdeginçimdegimay you pinch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençimdemeginçimdemegimay you not pinch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençimdegey edim çimdege edimwould that I pinched | sençimdegey ediŋ çimdege ediŋwould that you pinched | olçimdegey edi çimdege ediwould that he pinched | bizçimdegey edik çimdege edikwould that we pinched | sizçimdegey edigiz çimdege edigizwould that you all pinched | alaçimdegey edile çimdege edilewould that they pinched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençimdemegey edim çimdemege edimwould that I did not pinch | sençimdemegey ediŋ çimdemege ediŋwould that you did not pinch | olçimdemegey edi çimdemege ediwould that he did not pinch | bizçimdemegey edik çimdemege edikwould that we did not pinch | sizçimdemegey edigiz çimdemege edigizwould that you all did not pinch | alaçimdemegey edile çimdemege edilewould that they did not pinch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençimdemege qoyayımçimdeme qoyayımlet me allow someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoy!çimdeme qoy!let someone pinch! | olçimdemege qoysunçimdeme qoysunlet him allow someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoyayıqçimdeme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoyuğuz!çimdeme qoyuğuz!let someone pinch, you all! | alaçimdemege qoysunlaçimdeme qoysunlalet them allow someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençimdemege qoymayımçimdeme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoyma!çimdeme qoyma!don't let someone pinch! | olçimdemege qoymasınçimdeme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoymayıqçimdeme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoymağız!çimdeme qoymağız!don't let someone pinch, you all! | alaçimdemege qoymasınlaçimdeme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençimdemege qoyayımmı?çimdeme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoysunmu?çimdeme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoyayıqmı?çimdeme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoysunlamı?çimdeme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to pinch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençimdemege qoymayımmı?çimdeme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoymasınmı?çimdeme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoymayıqmı?çimdeme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoymasınlamı?çimdeme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to pinch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençimdemege qoyamaçimdeme qoyamaI allow someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoyasaçimdeme qoyasayou allow someone to pinch | olçimdemege qoyadıçimdeme qoyadıhe allows someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoyabızçimdeme qoyabızwe allow someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoyasızçimdeme qoyasızyou all allow someone to pinch | alaçimdemege qoyadılaçimdeme qoyadılathey allow someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (present) | mençimdemege qoymaymaçimdeme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoymaysaçimdeme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to pinch | olçimdemege qoymaydıçimdeme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoymaybızçimdeme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoymaysızçimdeme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to pinch | alaçimdemege qoymaydılaçimdeme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (present) | mençimdemege qoyamamı?çimdeme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to pinch? | sençimdemege qoyamısa?çimdeme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoyamıdı?çimdeme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoyabızmı?çimdeme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to pinch? | sizçimdemege qoyamısız?çimdeme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoyamıdıla?çimdeme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to pinch? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençimdemege qoymaymamı?çimdeme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to pinch? | sençimdemege qoymaymısa?çimdeme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoymaymıdı?çimdeme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoymaybızmı?çimdeme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to pinch? | sizçimdemege qoymaymısız?çimdeme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoymaymıdıla?çimdeme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to pinch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençimdemege qoydumçimdeme qoydumI allowed someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoyduŋçimdeme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to pinch | olçimdemege qoyduçimdeme qoyduhe allowed someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoyduqçimdeme qoyduqwe allowed someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoyduğuzçimdeme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to pinch | alaçimdemege qoydulaçimdeme qoydulathey allowed someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (past) | mençimdemege qoymadımçimdeme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to pinch | sençimdemege qoymadıŋçimdeme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to pinch | olçimdemege qoymadıçimdeme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to pinch | bizçimdemege qoymadıqçimdeme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to pinch | sizçimdemege qoymadığızçimdeme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to pinch | alaçimdemege qoymadılaçimdeme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to pinch |
| Let someone… (past) | mençimdemege qoydummu?çimdeme qoydummu?did I allow someone to pinch? | sençimdemege qoyduŋmu?çimdeme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoydumu?çimdeme qoydumu?did he allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoyduqmu?çimdeme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to pinch? | sizçimdemege qoyduğuzmu?çimdeme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoydulamı?çimdeme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to pinch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençimdemege qoymadımmı?çimdeme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to pinch? | sençimdemege qoymadıŋmı?çimdeme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to pinch? | olçimdemege qoymadımı?çimdeme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to pinch? | bizçimdemege qoymadıqmı?çimdeme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to pinch? | sizçimdemege qoymadığızmı?çimdeme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to pinch? | alaçimdemege qoymadılamı?çimdeme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to pinch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençimdeyalamaI can pinch | sençimdeyalasayou can pinch | olçimdeyaladıhe can pinch | bizçimdeyalabızwe can pinch | sizçimdeyalasızyou all can pinch | alaçimdeyaladılathey can pinch |
| Ability — present | mençimdeyalmaymaI can't pinch | sençimdeyalmaysayou can't pinch | olçimdeyalmaydıhe can't pinch | bizçimdeyalmaybızwe can't pinch | sizçimdeyalmaysızyou all can't pinch | alaçimdeyalmaydılathey can't pinch |
| Ability — present | mençimdeyalamamı? çimdeyalamıma?can I pinch? | sençimdeyalamısa?can you pinch? | olçimdeyalamıdı?can he pinch? | bizçimdeyalabızmı? çimdeyalamıbız?can we pinch? | sizçimdeyalamısız?can you all pinch? | alaçimdeyalamıdıla?can they pinch? |
| Ability — present | mençimdeyalmaymamı? çimdeyalmaymıma?can't I pinch? | sençimdeyalmaymısa?can't you pinch? | olçimdeyalmaymıdı?can't he pinch? | bizçimdeyalmaybızmı? çimdeyalmaymıbız?can't we pinch? | sizçimdeyalmaymısız?can't you all pinch? | alaçimdeyalmaymıdıla?can't they pinch? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençimdeyalsamif I can pinch | sençimdeyalsaŋif you can pinch | olçimdeyalsaif he can pinch | bizçimdeyalsaqif we can pinch | sizçimdeyalsağızif you all can pinch | alaçimdeyalsalaif they can pinch |
| Ability — if I can… | mençimdeyalmasamif I can't pinch | sençimdeyalmasaŋif you can't pinch | olçimdeyalmasaif he can't pinch | bizçimdeyalmasaqif we can't pinch | sizçimdeyalmasağızif you all can't pinch | alaçimdeyalmasalaif they can't pinch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençimdeyaldımI was able to pinch | sençimdeyaldıŋyou were able to pinch | olçimdeyaldıhe was able to pinch | bizçimdeyaldıqwe were able to pinch | sizçimdeyaldığızyou all were able to pinch | alaçimdeyaldılathey were able to pinch |
| Ability — simple past | mençimdeyalmadımI could not pinch | sençimdeyalmadıŋyou could not pinch | olçimdeyalmadıhe could not pinch | bizçimdeyalmadıqwe could not pinch | sizçimdeyalmadığızyou all could not pinch | alaçimdeyalmadılathey could not pinch |
| Ability — simple past | mençimdeyaldımmı?was I able to pinch? | sençimdeyaldıŋmı?were you able to pinch? | olçimdeyaldımı?was he able to pinch? | bizçimdeyaldıqmı?were we able to pinch? | sizçimdeyaldığızmı?were you all able to pinch? | alaçimdeyaldılamı?were they able to pinch? |
| Ability — simple past | mençimdeyalmadımmı?couldn't I pinch? | sençimdeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you pinch? | olçimdeyalmadımı?couldn't he pinch? | bizçimdeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we pinch? | sizçimdeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all pinch? | alaçimdeyalmadılamı?couldn't they pinch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençimdeyalğanmaI have been able to pinch | sençimdeyalğansayou have been able to pinch | olçimdeyalğandıhe has been able to pinch | bizçimdeyalğanbızwe have been able to pinch | sizçimdeyalğansızyou all have been able to pinch | alaçimdeyalğandılathey have been able to pinch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençimdeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to pinch | sençimdeyalmağansayou haven't been able to pinch | olçimdeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to pinch | bizçimdeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to pinch | sizçimdeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to pinch | alaçimdeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to pinch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençimdeyalğanmamı? çimdeyalğanmıma?have I been able to pinch? | sençimdeyalğanmısa?have you been able to pinch? | olçimdeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to pinch? | bizçimdeyalğanbızmı? çimdeyalğanmıbız?have we been able to pinch? | sizçimdeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to pinch? | alaçimdeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to pinch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençimdeyalmağanmamı? çimdeyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to pinch? | sençimdeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to pinch? | olçimdeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to pinch? | bizçimdeyalmağanbızmı? çimdeyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to pinch? | sizçimdeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to pinch? | alaçimdeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to pinch? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençimdeyalğan edimçimdeyalğanemI had been able to pinch | sençimdeyalğan ediŋçimdeyalğaneŋyou had been able to pinch | olçimdeyalğan ediçimdeyalğanedhe had been able to pinch | bizçimdeyalğan edikçimdeyalğanekwe had been able to pinch | sizçimdeyalğan edigizçimdeyalğanegizyou all had been able to pinch | alaçimdeyalğan edileçimdeyalğanellethey had been able to pinch |
| Ability — past perfect | mençimdeyalmağan edimçimdeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to pinch | sençimdeyalmağan ediŋçimdeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to pinch | olçimdeyalmağan ediçimdeyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to pinch | bizçimdeyalmağan edikçimdeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to pinch | sizçimdeyalmağan edigizçimdeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to pinch | alaçimdeyalmağan edileçimdeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to pinch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençimdeyala edimçimdeyalaemI could pinch | sençimdeyala ediŋçimdeyalaeŋyou could pinch | olçimdeyala ediçimdeyalaedhe could pinch | bizçimdeyala edikçimdeyalaekwe could pinch | sizçimdeyala edigizçimdeyalaegizyou all could pinch | alaçimdeyala edileçimdeyalaellethey could pinch |
| Ability — past background | mençimdeyalmay edimçimdeyalmayemI could not pinch | sençimdeyalmay ediŋçimdeyalmayeŋyou could not pinch | olçimdeyalmay ediçimdeyalmayedhe could not pinch | bizçimdeyalmay edikçimdeyalmayekwe could not pinch | sizçimdeyalmay edigizçimdeyalmayegizyou all could not pinch | alaçimdeyalmay edileçimdeyalmayellethey could not pinch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençimdeyalırmaI will be able to pinch | sençimdeyalırsayou will be able to pinch | olçimdeyalırhe will be able to pinch | bizçimdeyalırbızwe will be able to pinch | sizçimdeyalırsızyou all will be able to pinch | alaçimdeyalırlathey will be able to pinch |
| Ability — future I | mençimdeyalmazmaI won't be able to pinch | sençimdeyalmazsayou won't be able to pinch | olçimdeyalmazhe won't be able to pinch | bizçimdeyalmazbızwe won't be able to pinch | sizçimdeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to pinch | alaçimdeyalmazlathey won't be able to pinch |
| Ability — future I | mençimdeyalırmamı? çimdeyalırmıma?will I be able to pinch? | sençimdeyalırmısa?will you be able to pinch? | olçimdeyalırmı?will he be able to pinch? | bizçimdeyalırbızmı? çimdeyalırmıbız?will we be able to pinch? | sizçimdeyalırmısız?will you all be able to pinch? | alaçimdeyalırlamı? çimdeyalırmıla?will they be able to pinch? |
| Ability — future I | mençimdeyalmazmamı? çimdeyalmazmıma?won't I be able to pinch? | sençimdeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to pinch? | olçimdeyalmazmı?won't he be able to pinch? | bizçimdeyalmazbızmı? çimdeyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to pinch? | sizçimdeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to pinch? | alaçimdeyalmazlamı? çimdeyalmazmıla?won't they be able to pinch? |
| Ability — future II | mençimdeyallıqmaI am going to be able to pinch | sençimdeyallıqsayou are going to be able to pinch | olçimdeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to pinch | bizçimdeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to pinch | sizçimdeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to pinch | alaçimdeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to pinch |
| Ability — future II | mençimdeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to pinch | sençimdeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to pinch | olçimdeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to pinch | bizçimdeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to pinch | sizçimdeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to pinch | alaçimdeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to pinch |
| Ability — future II | mençimdeyallıqmamı? çimdeyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to pinch? | sençimdeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to pinch? | olçimdeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to pinch? | bizçimdeyallıqbızmı? çimdeyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to pinch? | sizçimdeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to pinch? | alaçimdeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to pinch? |
| Ability — future II | mençimdeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to pinch? | sençimdeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to pinch? | olçimdeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to pinch? | bizçimdeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to pinch? | sizçimdeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to pinch? | alaçimdeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to pinch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençimdeyalır edimçimdeyalır emI would be able to pinch | sençimdeyalır ediŋçimdeyalır eŋyou would be able to pinch | olçimdeyalır ediçimdeyalır edhe would be able to pinch | bizçimdeyalır edikçimdeyalır ekwe would be able to pinch | sizçimdeyalır edigizçimdeyalır egizyou all would be able to pinch | alaçimdeyalır edileçimdeyalır ellethey would be able to pinch |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençimdeyalmaz edimçimdeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to pinch | sençimdeyalmaz ediŋçimdeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to pinch | olçimdeyalmaz ediçimdeyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to pinch | bizçimdeyalmaz edikçimdeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to pinch | sizçimdeyalmaz edigizçimdeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to pinch | alaçimdeyalmaz edileçimdeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to pinch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençimdeyalğınçimdeyalğımay you be able to pinch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençimdeyalmağınçimdeyalmağımay you not be able to pinch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençimderge izleymeI want to pinch | sençimderge izleyseyou want to pinch | olçimderge izleydihe wants to pinch | bizçimderge izleybizwe want to pinch | sizçimderge izleysizyou all want to pinch | alaçimderge izleydilethey want to pinch |
| want to | mençimderge izlemeymeI do not want to pinch | sençimderge izlemeyseyou do not want to pinch | olçimderge izlemeydihe does not want to pinch | bizçimderge izlemeybizwe do not want to pinch | sizçimderge izlemeysizyou all do not want to pinch | alaçimderge izlemeydilethey do not want to pinch |
| would like to | mençimderge süemeI would like to pinch | sençimderge süeseyou would like to pinch | olçimderge süedihe would like to pinch | bizçimderge süebizwe would like to pinch | sizçimderge süesizyou all would like to pinch | alaçimderge süedilethey would like to pinch |
| would like to | mençimderge süymeymeI would not like to pinch | sençimderge süymeyseyou would not like to pinch | olçimderge süymeydihe would not like to pinch | bizçimderge süymeybizwe would not like to pinch | sizçimderge süymeysizyou all would not like to pinch | alaçimderge süymeydilethey would not like to pinch |
| hope to | mençimderge umutlanamaI hope to pinch | sençimderge umutlanasayou hope to pinch | olçimderge umutlanadıhe hopes to pinch | bizçimderge umutlanabızwe hope to pinch | sizçimderge umutlanasızyou all hope to pinch | alaçimderge umutlanadılathey hope to pinch |
| hope to | mençimderge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to pinch | sençimderge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to pinch | olçimderge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to pinch | bizçimderge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to pinch | sizçimderge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to pinch | alaçimderge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to pinch |
| be about to | mençimderge deb turamaI am about to pinch | sençimderge deb turasayou are about to pinch | olçimderge deb turadıhe is about to pinch | bizçimderge deb turabızwe are about to pinch | sizçimderge deb turasızyou all are about to pinch | alaçimderge deb turadılathey are about to pinch |
| be about to | mençimderge deb turmaymaI am not about to pinch | sençimderge deb turmaysayou are not about to pinch | olçimderge deb turmaydıhe is not about to pinch | bizçimderge deb turmaybızwe are not about to pinch | sizçimderge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to pinch | alaçimderge deb turmaydılathey are not about to pinch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençimderge kerekmeI need to pinch | sençimderge kerekseyou need to pinch | olçimderge kerekdihe needs to pinch | bizçimderge kerekbizwe need to pinch | sizçimderge kereksizyou all need to pinch | alaçimderge kerekdilethey need to pinch |
| need to | mençimderge kerek tülmeI do not need to pinch | sençimderge kerek tülseyou do not need to pinch | olçimderge kerek tüldühe does not need to pinch | bizçimderge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to pinch | sizçimderge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to pinch | alaçimderge kerek tüldülethey do not need to pinch |
| have to | menmenŋe çimderge tüşediI have to pinch | sensenŋe çimderge tüşediyou have to pinch | olaŋa çimderge tüşedihe has to pinch | bizbizge çimderge tüşediwe have to pinch | sizsizge çimderge tüşediyou all have to pinch | alaalağa çimderge tüşedithey have to pinch |
| have to | menmenŋe çimderge tüşmeydiI do not have to pinch | sensenŋe çimderge tüşmeydiyou do not have to pinch | olaŋa çimderge tüşmeydihe does not have to pinch | bizbizge çimderge tüşmeydiwe do not have to pinch | sizsizge çimderge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to pinch | alaalağa çimderge tüşmeydithey do not have to pinch |
| be obliged to | mençimderge borçlumaI am obliged to pinch | sençimderge borçlusayou are obliged to pinch | olçimderge borçluduhe is obliged to pinch | bizçimderge borçlubuzwe are obliged to pinch | sizçimderge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to pinch | alaçimderge borçludulathey are obliged to pinch |
| be obliged to | mençimderge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to pinch | sençimderge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to pinch | olçimderge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to pinch | bizçimderge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to pinch | sizçimderge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to pinch | alaçimderge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to pinch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençimderge madarım bardıI have a way to pinch | sençimderge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to pinch | olçimderge madarı bardıhe has a way to pinch | bizçimderge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to pinch | sizçimderge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to pinch | alaçimderge madarları bardıthey have a way to pinch |
| have a way to | mençimderge madarım joqduI have no way to pinch | sençimderge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to pinch | olçimderge madarı joqduhe has no way to pinch | bizçimderge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to pinch | sizçimderge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to pinch | alaçimderge madarları joqduthey have no way to pinch |
| be free to | mençimderge erkinligim bardıI am free to pinch | sençimderge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to pinch | olçimderge erkinligi bardıhe is free to pinch | bizçimderge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to pinch | sizçimderge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to pinch | alaçimderge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to pinch |
| be free to | mençimderge erkinligim joqduI am not free to pinch | sençimderge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to pinch | olçimderge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to pinch | bizçimderge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to pinch | sizçimderge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to pinch | alaçimderge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to pinch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çimderge bolluqduit is possible for me to pinch | sensenŋe çimderge bolluqduit is possible for you to pinch | olaŋa çimderge bolluqduit is possible for him to pinch | bizbizge çimderge bolluqduit is possible for us to pinch | sizsizge çimderge bolluqduit is possible for you all to pinch | alaalağa çimderge bolluqduit is possible for them to pinch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to pinch | sensenŋe çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to pinch | olaŋa çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to pinch | bizbizge çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to pinch | sizsizge çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to pinch | alaalağa çimderge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to pinch |
| be ready to | mençimderge hazırmaI am ready to pinch | sençimderge hazırsayou are ready to pinch | olçimderge hazırdıhe is ready to pinch | bizçimderge hazırbızwe are ready to pinch | sizçimderge hazırsızyou all are ready to pinch | alaçimderge hazırdılathey are ready to pinch |
| be ready to | mençimderge hazır tülmeI am not ready to pinch | sençimderge hazır tülseyou are not ready to pinch | olçimderge hazır tüldühe is not ready to pinch | bizçimderge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to pinch | sizçimderge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to pinch | alaçimderge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to pinch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençimderge küreşemeI am trying to pinch | sençimderge küreşeseyou are trying to pinch | olçimderge küreşedihe is trying to pinch | bizçimderge küreşebizwe are trying to pinch | sizçimderge küreşesizyou all are trying to pinch | alaçimderge küreşedilethey are trying to pinch |
| try to | mençimderge küreşmeymeI am not trying to pinch | sençimderge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to pinch | olçimderge küreşmeydihe is not trying to pinch | bizçimderge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to pinch | sizçimderge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to pinch | alaçimderge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to pinch |
| agree to | mençimderge unaymaI agree to pinch | sençimderge unaysayou agree to pinch | olçimderge unaydıhe agrees to pinch | bizçimderge unaybızwe agree to pinch | sizçimderge unaysızyou all agree to pinch | alaçimderge unaydılathey agree to pinch |
| agree to | mençimderge unamaymaI refuse to pinch | sençimderge unamaysayou refuse to pinch | olçimderge unamaydıhe refuses to pinch | bizçimderge unamaybızwe refuse to pinch | sizçimderge unamaysızyou all refuse to pinch | alaçimderge unamaydılathey refuse to pinch |
| hurry to | mençimderge aşığamaI am in a hurry to pinch | sençimderge aşığasayou are in a hurry to pinch | olçimderge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to pinch | bizçimderge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to pinch | sizçimderge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to pinch | alaçimderge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to pinch |
| hurry to | mençimderge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to pinch | sençimderge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to pinch | olçimderge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to pinch | bizçimderge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to pinch | sizçimderge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to pinch | alaçimderge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to pinch |
| be afraid to | mençimderge qorqamaI am afraid to pinch | sençimderge qorqasayou are afraid to pinch | olçimderge qorqadıhe is afraid to pinch | bizçimderge qorqabızwe are afraid to pinch | sizçimderge qorqasızyou all are afraid to pinch | alaçimderge qorqadılathey are afraid to pinch |
| be afraid to | mençimderge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to pinch | sençimderge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to pinch | olçimderge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to pinch | bizçimderge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to pinch | sizçimderge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to pinch | alaçimderge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to pinch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençimdey bolmazmaI can't be pinching | sençimdey bolmazsayou can't be pinching | olçimdey bolmazhe can't be pinching | bizçimdey bolmazbızwe can't be pinching | sizçimdey bolmazsızyou all can't be pinching | alaçimdey bolmazlathey can't be pinching |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençimdemey bolmazmaI must be pinching (emphatic) | sençimdemey bolmazsayou must be pinching (emphatic) | olçimdemey bolmazhe must be pinching (emphatic) | bizçimdemey bolmazbızwe must be pinching (emphatic) | sizçimdemey bolmazsızyou all must be pinching (emphatic) | alaçimdemey bolmazlathey must be pinching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençimdey turmasamif I don't keep pinching | sençimdey turmasaŋif you don't keep pinching | olçimdey turmasaif he doesn't keep pinching | bizçimdey turmasaqif we don't keep pinching | sizçimdey turmasağızif you all don't keep pinching | alaçimdey turmasalaif they don't keep pinching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençimdey tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of pinching | sençimdey tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of pinching | olçimdey tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of pinching | bizçimdey tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of pinching | sizçimdey tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of pinching | alaçimdey tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of pinching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençimdemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not pinching (emphatic) | sençimdemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not pinching (emphatic) | olçimdemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not pinching (emphatic) | bizçimdemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not pinching (emphatic) | sizçimdemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not pinching (emphatic) | alaçimdemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not pinching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençimdemey turamaI keep on not pinching | sençimdemey turasayou keep on not pinching | olçimdemey turadıhe keeps on not pinching | bizçimdemey turabızwe keep on not pinching | sizçimdemey turasızyou all keep on not pinching | alaçimdemey turadılathey keep on not pinching |
| Progressive — double negation | mençimdemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not pinching | sençimdemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not pinching | olçimdemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not pinching | bizçimdemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not pinching | sizçimdemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not pinching | alaçimdemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not pinching |
| Progressive — double negation | mençimdemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not pinching? | sençimdemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not pinching? | olçimdemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not pinching? | bizçimdemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not pinching? | sizçimdemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not pinching? | alaçimdemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not pinching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençimdegen bolmazmaI can't have pinched | sençimdegen bolmazsayou can't have pinched | olçimdegen bolmazhe can't have pinched | bizçimdegen bolmazbızwe can't have pinched | sizçimdegen bolmazsızyou all can't have pinched | alaçimdegen bolmazlathey can't have pinched |
| Inference — double negation | mençimdemegen bolmazmaI must have pinched (emphatic) | sençimdemegen bolmazsayou must have pinched (emphatic) | olçimdemegen bolmazhe must have pinched (emphatic) | bizçimdemegen bolmazbızwe must have pinched (emphatic) | sizçimdemegen bolmazsızyou all must have pinched (emphatic) | alaçimdemegen bolmazlathey must have pinched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençimdegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had pinched | sençimdegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had pinched | olçimdegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had pinched | bizçimdegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had pinched | sizçimdegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had pinched | alaçimdegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had pinched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençimdemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't pinched | sençimdemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't pinched | olçimdemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't pinched | bizçimdemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't pinched | sizçimdemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't pinched | alaçimdemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't pinched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençimderik bolmazmaI can't be going to pinch | sençimderik bolmazsayou can't be going to pinch | olçimderik bolmazhe can't be going to pinch | bizçimderik bolmazbızwe can't be going to pinch | sizçimderik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to pinch | alaçimderik bolmazlathey can't be going to pinch |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençimdemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to pinch (emphatic) | sençimdemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to pinch (emphatic) | olçimdemezlik bolmazhe must be going to pinch (emphatic) | bizçimdemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to pinch (emphatic) | sizçimdemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to pinch (emphatic) | alaçimdemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to pinch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençimderik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to pinch | sençimderik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to pinch | olçimderik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to pinch | bizçimderik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to pinch | sizçimderik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to pinch | alaçimderik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to pinch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençimdemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to pinch | sençimdemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to pinch | olçimdemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to pinch | bizçimdemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to pinch | sizçimdemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to pinch | alaçimdemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to pinch |