çagalarğa
/tʃaɡalarʁa/
hoe, weed, work the ground with a mattock
- nartühnü çagalarğa — to hoe the maize
- baçhanı çagalarğa — to hoe the vegetable garden
- anam baçhanı çagalaydı — my mother is hoeing the vegetable garden
- tünene nartühnü çagaladım — yesterday I hoed the maize
- nartühnü çagaladıq — we weeded the maize
- tambla çagalarıqbız — we will hoe tomorrow
- çügündür çagalarıqbız — we will hoe beets
- kolhozçu tişirıwla ayawsuz çagalaydıla — the collective-farm women hoe relentlessly
Conjugation
Common forms
- çagalaydıhe is hoeing
- çagaladıhe hoed
- çagalağandıhe has hoed
- çagalarhe will hoe
- çagalarıqdıhe is going to hoe
- çagalay edihe was hoeing
- çagalasaif he hoes
- çagala!hoe!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençagalaymaI am hoeing | sençagalaysayou are hoeing | olçagalaydıhe is hoeing | bizçagalaybızwe are hoeing | sizçagalaysızyou all are hoeing | alaçagalaydılathey are hoeing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençagalamaymaI am not hoeing | sençagalamaysayou are not hoeing | olçagalamaydıhe is not hoeing | bizçagalamaybızwe are not hoeing | sizçagalamaysızyou all are not hoeing | alaçagalamaydılathey are not hoeing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençagalaymamı? çagalaymıma?am I hoeing? | sençagalaymısa?are you hoeing? | olçagalaymıdı?is he hoeing? | bizçagalaybızmı? çagalaymıbız?are we hoeing? | sizçagalaymısız?are you all hoeing? | alaçagalaymıdıla?are they hoeing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençagalamaymamı? çagalamaymıma?aren't I hoeing? | sençagalamaymısa?aren't you hoeing? | olçagalamaymıdı?isn't he hoeing? | bizçagalamaybızmı? çagalamaymıbız?aren't we hoeing? | sizçagalamaymısız?aren't you all hoeing? | alaçagalamaymıdıla?aren't they hoeing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençagalawçanmaI usually hoe | sençagalawçansayou usually hoe | olçagalawçandıhe usually hoes | bizçagalawçanbızwe usually hoe | sizçagalawçansızyou all usually hoe | alaçagalawçandılathey usually hoe |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençagalamawçanmaI usually don't hoe | sençagalamawçansayou usually don't hoe | olçagalamawçandıhe usually doesn't hoe | bizçagalamawçanbızwe usually don't hoe | sizçagalamawçansızyou all usually don't hoe | alaçagalamawçandılathey usually don't hoe |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençagalawçanmamı? çagalawçanmıma?do I usually hoe? | sençagalawçanmısa?do you usually hoe? | olçagalawçanmıdı?does he usually hoe? | bizçagalawçanbızmı? çagalawçanmıbız?do we usually hoe? | sizçagalawçanmısız?do you all usually hoe? | alaçagalawçanmıdıla?do they usually hoe? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençagalamawçanmamı? çagalamawçanmıma?do I usually not hoe? | sençagalamawçanmısa?do you usually not hoe? | olçagalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not hoe? | bizçagalamawçanbızmı? çagalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not hoe? | sizçagalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not hoe? | alaçagalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not hoe? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçagalabdıhe has hoed and remains so | alaçagalabdılathey have hoed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçagalabmıdı?has he hoed? | alaçagalabmıdıla?have they hoed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençagalab turamaI keep hoeing | sençagalab turasayou keep hoeing | olçagalab turadıhe keeps hoeing | bizçagalab turabızwe keep hoeing | sizçagalab turasızyou all keep hoeing | alaçagalab turadılathey keep hoeing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençagalab turmaymaI don't keep hoeing | sençagalab turmaysayou don't keep hoeing | olçagalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep hoeing | bizçagalab turmaybızwe don't keep hoeing | sizçagalab turmaysızyou all don't keep hoeing | alaçagalab turmaydılathey don't keep hoeing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençagalab turamamı? çagalab turamıma?do I keep hoeing? | sençagalab turamısa?do you keep hoeing? | olçagalab turamıdı?does he keep hoeing? | bizçagalab turabızmı? çagalab turamıbız?do we keep hoeing? | sizçagalab turamısız?do you all keep hoeing? | alaçagalab turamıdıla?do they keep hoeing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençagalab turmaymamı? çagalab turmaymıma?don't I keep hoeing? | sençagalab turmaymısa?don't you keep hoeing? | olçagalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep hoeing? | bizçagalab turmaybızmı? çagalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep hoeing? | sizçagalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep hoeing? | alaçagalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep hoeing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençagalay turamaI am in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay turasayou are in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay turadıhe is in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay turabızwe are in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay turasızyou all are in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay turadılathey are in the middle of hoeing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençagalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of hoeing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençagalay turamamı? çagalay turamıma?am I in the middle of hoeing? | sençagalay turamısa?are you in the middle of hoeing? | olçagalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of hoeing? | bizçagalay turabızmı? çagalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of hoeing? | sizçagalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of hoeing? | alaçagalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of hoeing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençagalay turmaymamı? çagalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of hoeing? | sençagalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of hoeing? | olçagalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of hoeing? | bizçagalay turmaybızmı? çagalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of hoeing? | sizçagalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of hoeing? | alaçagalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of hoeing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençagaladımI hoed | sençagaladıŋyou hoed | olçagaladıhe hoed | bizçagaladıqwe hoed | sizçagaladığızyou all hoed | alaçagaladılathey hoed |
| Simple past (definite) | mençagalamadımI didn't hoe | sençagalamadıŋyou didn't hoe | olçagalamadıhe didn't hoe | bizçagalamadıqwe didn't hoe | sizçagalamadığızyou all didn't hoe | alaçagalamadılathey didn't hoe |
| Simple past (definite) | mençagaladımmı?did I hoe? | sençagaladıŋmı?did you hoe? | olçagaladımı?did he hoe? | bizçagaladıqmı?did we hoe? | sizçagaladığızmı?did you all hoe? | alaçagaladılamı?did they hoe? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençagalamadımmı?didn't I hoe? | sençagalamadıŋmı?didn't you hoe? | olçagalamadımı?didn't he hoe? | bizçagalamadıqmı?didn't we hoe? | sizçagalamadığızmı?didn't you all hoe? | alaçagalamadılamı?didn't they hoe? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençagalağanmaI have hoed | sençagalağansayou have hoed | olçagalağandıhe has hoed | bizçagalağanbızwe have hoed | sizçagalağansızyou all have hoed | alaçagalağandılathey have hoed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençagalamağanmaI haven't hoed | sençagalamağansayou haven't hoed | olçagalamağandıhe hasn't hoed | bizçagalamağanbızwe haven't hoed | sizçagalamağansızyou all haven't hoed | alaçagalamağandılathey haven't hoed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençagalağanmamı? çagalağanmıma?have I hoed? | sençagalağanmısa?have you hoed? | olçagalağanmıdı?has he hoed? | bizçagalağanbızmı? çagalağanmıbız?have we hoed? | sizçagalağanmısız?have you all hoed? | alaçagalağanmıdıla?have they hoed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençagalamağanmamı? çagalamağanmıma?haven't I hoed? | sençagalamağanmısa?haven't you hoed? | olçagalamağanmıdı?hasn't he hoed? | bizçagalamağanbızmı? çagalamağanmıbız?haven't we hoed? | sizçagalamağanmısız?haven't you all hoed? | alaçagalamağanmıdıla?haven't they hoed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençagalab turdumI kept hoeing | sençagalab turduŋyou kept hoeing | olçagalab turduhe kept hoeing | bizçagalab turduqwe kept hoeing | sizçagalab turduğuzyou all kept hoeing | alaçagalab turdulathey kept hoeing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençagalab turmadımI didn't keep hoeing | sençagalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep hoeing | olçagalab turmadıhe didn't keep hoeing | bizçagalab turmadıqwe didn't keep hoeing | sizçagalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep hoeing | alaçagalab turmadılathey didn't keep hoeing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençagalarmaI will hoe | sençagalarsayou will hoe | olçagalarhe will hoe | bizçagalarbızwe will hoe | sizçagalarsızyou all will hoe | alaçagalarlathey will hoe |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençagalamazmaI won't hoe | sençagalamazsayou won't hoe | olçagalamazhe won't hoe | bizçagalamazbızwe won't hoe | sizçagalamazsızyou all won't hoe | alaçagalamazlathey won't hoe |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençagalarmamı? çagalarmıma?will I hoe? | sençagalarmısa?will you hoe? | olçagalarmı?will he hoe? | bizçagalarbızmı? çagalarmıbız?will we hoe? | sizçagalarmısız?will you all hoe? | alaçagalarlamı? çagalarmıla?will they hoe? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençagalamazmamı? çagalamazmıma?won't I hoe? | sençagalamazmısa?won't you hoe? | olçagalamazmı?won't he hoe? | bizçagalamazbızmı? çagalamazmıbız?won't we hoe? | sizçagalamazmısız?won't you all hoe? | alaçagalamazlamı? çagalamazmıla?won't they hoe? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençagalarıqmaI am going to hoe | sençagalarıqsayou are going to hoe | olçagalarıqdıhe is going to hoe | bizçagalarıqbızwe are going to hoe | sizçagalarıqsızyou all are going to hoe | alaçagalarıqdılathey are going to hoe |
| Definite future (future II) | mençagalarıq tülmeI am not going to hoe | sençagalarıq tülseyou are not going to hoe | olçagalarıq tüldühe is not going to hoe | bizçagalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to hoe | sizçagalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to hoe | alaçagalarıq tüldülethey are not going to hoe |
| Definite future (future II) | mençagalarıqmamı? çagalarıqmıma?am I going to hoe? | sençagalarıqmısa?are you going to hoe? | olçagalarıqmıdı?is he going to hoe? | bizçagalarıqbızmı? çagalarıqmıbız?are we going to hoe? | sizçagalarıqmısız?are you all going to hoe? | alaçagalarıqmıdıla?are they going to hoe? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençagalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to hoe? | sençagalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to hoe? | olçagalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to hoe? | bizçagalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to hoe? | sizçagalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hoe? | alaçagalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hoe? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençagalağan edimçagalağanemI had hoed | sençagalağan ediŋçagalağaneŋyou had hoed | olçagalağan ediçagalağanedhe had hoed | bizçagalağan edikçagalağanekwe had hoed | sizçagalağan edigizçagalağanegizyou all had hoed | alaçagalağan edileçagalağanellethey had hoed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençagalamağan edimçagalamağanemI hadn't hoed | sençagalamağan ediŋçagalamağaneŋyou hadn't hoed | olçagalamağan ediçagalamağanedhe hadn't hoed | bizçagalamağan edikçagalamağanekwe hadn't hoed | sizçagalamağan edigizçagalamağanegizyou all hadn't hoed | alaçagalamağan edileçagalamağanellethey hadn't hoed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençagalay edimçagalayemI was hoeing | sençagalay ediŋçagalayeŋyou were hoeing | olçagalay ediçagalayedhe was hoeing | bizçagalay edikçagalayekwe were hoeing | sizçagalay edigizçagalayegizyou all were hoeing | alaçagalay edileçagalayellethey were hoeing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençagalamay edimçagalamayemI wasn't hoeing | sençagalamay ediŋçagalamayeŋyou weren't hoeing | olçagalamay ediçagalamayedhe wasn't hoeing | bizçagalamay edikçagalamayekwe weren't hoeing | sizçagalamay edigizçagalamayegizyou all weren't hoeing | alaçagalamay edileçagalamayellethey weren't hoeing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençagalawçan edimçagalawçanemI used to hoe | sençagalawçan ediŋçagalawçaneŋyou used to hoe | olçagalawçan ediçagalawçanedhe used to hoe | bizçagalawçan edikçagalawçanekwe used to hoe | sizçagalawçan edigizçagalawçanegizyou all used to hoe | alaçagalawçan edileçagalawçanellethey used to hoe |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençagalamawçan edimçagalamawçanemI didn't use to hoe | sençagalamawçan ediŋçagalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to hoe | olçagalamawçan ediçagalamawçanedhe didn't use to hoe | bizçagalamawçan edikçagalamawçanekwe didn't use to hoe | sizçagalamawçan edigizçagalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to hoe | alaçagalamawçan edileçagalamawçanellethey didn't use to hoe |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçagalab edihe had hoed and remained so | alaçagalab edilethey had hoed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçagalab tül edihe hadn't hoed | alaçagalab tül edilethey hadn't hoed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençagalab tura edimçagalab turaemI had kept hoeing | sençagalab tura ediŋçagalab turaeŋyou had kept hoeing | olçagalab tura ediçagalab turaedhe had kept hoeing | bizçagalab tura edikçagalab turaekwe had kept hoeing | sizçagalab tura edigizçagalab turaegizyou all had kept hoeing | alaçagalab tura edileçagalab turaellethey had kept hoeing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençagalab turmay edimçagalab turmayemI hadn't kept hoeing | sençagalab turmay ediŋçagalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept hoeing | olçagalab turmay ediçagalab turmayedhe hadn't kept hoeing | bizçagalab turmay edikçagalab turmayekwe hadn't kept hoeing | sizçagalab turmay edigizçagalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept hoeing | alaçagalab turmay edileçagalab turmayellethey hadn't kept hoeing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençagalay tura edimçagalay turaemI was in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay tura ediŋçagalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay tura ediçagalay turaedhe was in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay tura edikçagalay turaekwe were in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay tura edigizçagalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay tura edileçagalay turaellethey were in the middle of hoeing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençagalay turmay edimçagalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay turmay ediŋçagalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay turmay ediçagalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay turmay edikçagalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay turmay edigizçagalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay turmay edileçagalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of hoeing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençagalar edimçagalar emI would hoe | sençagalar ediŋçagalar eŋyou would hoe | olçagalar ediçagalar edhe would hoe | bizçagalar edikçagalar ekwe would hoe | sizçagalar edigizçagalar egizyou all would hoe | alaçagalar edileçagalar ellethey would hoe |
| Conditional result (would) | mençagalamaz edimçagalamaz emI wouldn't hoe | sençagalamaz ediŋçagalamaz eŋyou wouldn't hoe | olçagalamaz ediçagalamaz edhe wouldn't hoe | bizçagalamaz edikçagalamaz ekwe wouldn't hoe | sizçagalamaz edigizçagalamaz egizyou all wouldn't hoe | alaçagalamaz edileçagalamaz ellethey wouldn't hoe |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençagalarıq edimçagalarıq emI would have hoed | sençagalarıq ediŋçagalarıq eŋyou would have hoed | olçagalarıq ediçagalarıq edhe would have hoed | bizçagalarıq edikçagalarıq ekwe would have hoed | sizçagalarıq edigizçagalarıq egizyou all would have hoed | alaçagalarıq edileçagalarıq ellethey would have hoed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençagalarıq tül edimçagalarıq tül emI wouldn't have hoed | sençagalarıq tül ediŋçagalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have hoed | olçagalarıq tül ediçagalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have hoed | bizçagalarıq tül edikçagalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have hoed | sizçagalarıq tül edigizçagalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have hoed | alaçagalarıq tül edileçagalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have hoed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençagalasamif I hoe | sençagalasaŋif you hoe | olçagalasaif he hoes | bizçagalasaqif we hoe | sizçagalasağızif you all hoe | alaçagalasalaif they hoe |
| Conditional | mençagalamasamif I don't hoe | sençagalamasaŋif you don't hoe | olçagalamasaif he doesn't hoe | bizçagalamasaqif we don't hoe | sizçagalamasağızif you all don't hoe | alaçagalamasalaif they don't hoe |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençagalay esemif I am hoeing | sençagalay eseŋif you are hoeing | olçagalay eseif he is hoeing | bizçagalay esekif we are hoeing | sizçagalay esegizif you all are hoeing | alaçagalay eseleif they are hoeing |
| Conditional, present real | mençagalamay esemif I am not hoeing | sençagalamay eseŋif you are not hoeing | olçagalamay eseif he is not hoeing | bizçagalamay esekif we are not hoeing | sizçagalamay esegizif you all are not hoeing | alaçagalamay eseleif they are not hoeing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençagalasam ediçagalasam edif only I hoed | sençagalasaŋ ediçagalasaŋ edif only you hoed | olçagalasa ediçagalasaedif only he hoed | bizçagalasaq ediçagalasaq edif only we hoed | sizçagalasağız ediçagalasağız edif only you all hoed | alaçagalasala ediçagalasalaedif only they hoed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençagalamasam ediçagalamasam edif only I didn't hoe | sençagalamasaŋ ediçagalamasaŋ edif only you didn't hoe | olçagalamasa ediçagalamasaedif only he didn't hoe | bizçagalamasaq ediçagalamasaq edif only we didn't hoe | sizçagalamasağız ediçagalamasağız edif only you all didn't hoe | alaçagalamasala ediçagalamasalaedif only they didn't hoe |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençagalab tursamif I carry on hoeing | sençagalab tursaŋif you carry on hoeing | olçagalab tursaif he carries on hoeing | bizçagalab tursaqif we carry on hoeing | sizçagalab tursağızif you all carry on hoeing | alaçagalab tursalaif they carry on hoeing |
| Durative conditional | mençagalab turmasamif I don't carry on hoeing | sençagalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on hoeing | olçagalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on hoeing | bizçagalab turmasaqif we don't carry on hoeing | sizçagalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on hoeing | alaçagalab turmasalaif they don't carry on hoeing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençagalab tura esemif I have kept hoeing | sençagalab tura eseŋif you have kept hoeing | olçagalab tura eseif he has kept hoeing | bizçagalab tura esekif we have kept hoeing | sizçagalab tura esegizif you all have kept hoeing | alaçagalab tura eseleif they have kept hoeing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençagalab turmay esemif I haven't kept hoeing | sençagalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept hoeing | olçagalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept hoeing | bizçagalab turmay esekif we haven't kept hoeing | sizçagalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept hoeing | alaçagalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept hoeing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençagalay tursamif I keep hoeing | sençagalay tursaŋif you keep hoeing | olçagalay tursaif he keeps hoeing | bizçagalay tursaqif we keep hoeing | sizçagalay tursağızif you all keep hoeing | alaçagalay tursalaif they keep hoeing |
| Progressive conditional | mençagalamay tursamif I keep on not hoeing | sençagalamay tursaŋif you keep on not hoeing | olçagalamay tursaif he keeps on not hoeing | bizçagalamay tursaqif we keep on not hoeing | sizçagalamay tursağızif you all keep on not hoeing | alaçagalamay tursalaif they keep on not hoeing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençagalay tura esemif I am in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay tura eseif he is in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay tura esekif we are in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of hoeing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençagalamay tura esemif I keep on not hoeing | sençagalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not hoeing | olçagalamay tura eseif he keeps on not hoeing | bizçagalamay tura esekif we keep on not hoeing | sizçagalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not hoeing | alaçagalamay tura eseleif they keep on not hoeing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençagaladım esemif I hoed | sençagaladıŋ eseŋif you hoed | olçagaladı eseif he hoed | bizçagaladıq esekif we hoed | sizçagaladığız esegizif you all hoed | alaçagaladıla eseleif they hoed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençagalamadım esemif I didn't hoe | sençagalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't hoe | olçagalamadı eseif he didn't hoe | bizçagalamadıq esekif we didn't hoe | sizçagalamadığız esegizif you all didn't hoe | alaçagalamadıla eseleif they didn't hoe |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençagalağan esemif I did hoe (indeed) | sençagalağan eseŋif you did hoe (indeed) | olçagalağan eseif he did hoe (indeed) | bizçagalağan esekif we did hoe (indeed) | sizçagalağan esegizif you all did hoe (indeed) | alaçagalağan eseleif they did hoe (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençagalamağan esemif I didn't hoe (indeed) | sençagalamağan eseŋif you didn't hoe (indeed) | olçagalamağan eseif he didn't hoe (indeed) | bizçagalamağan esekif we didn't hoe (indeed) | sizçagalamağan esegizif you all didn't hoe (indeed) | alaçagalamağan eseleif they didn't hoe (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençagalağan bolsamif I had hoed | sençagalağan bolsaŋif you had hoed | olçagalağan bolsaif he had hoed | bizçagalağan bolsaqif we had hoed | sizçagalağan bolsağızif you all had hoed | alaçagalağan bolsalaif they had hoed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençagalamağan bolsamif I hadn't hoed | sençagalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't hoed | olçagalamağan bolsaif he hadn't hoed | bizçagalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't hoed | sizçagalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't hoed | alaçagalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't hoed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençagalağan bolsam ediçagalağan bolsam edif only I had hoed | sençagalağan bolsaŋ ediçagalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had hoed | olçagalağan bolsa ediçagalağan bolsaedif only he had hoed | bizçagalağan bolsaq ediçagalağan bolsaq edif only we had hoed | sizçagalağan bolsağız ediçagalağan bolsağız edif only you all had hoed | alaçagalağan bolsala ediçagalağan bolsalaedif only they had hoed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençagalamağan bolsam ediçagalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't hoed | sençagalamağan bolsaŋ ediçagalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't hoed | olçagalamağan bolsa ediçagalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't hoed | bizçagalamağan bolsaq ediçagalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't hoed | sizçagalamağan bolsağız ediçagalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't hoed | alaçagalamağan bolsala ediçagalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't hoed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençagalar esemif I will hoe | sençagalar eseŋif you will hoe | olçagalar eseif he will hoe | bizçagalar esekif we will hoe | sizçagalar esegizif you all will hoe | alaçagalar eseleif they will hoe |
| Conditional, aorist | mençagalamaz esemif I won't hoe | sençagalamaz eseŋif you won't hoe | olçagalamaz eseif he won't hoe | bizçagalamaz esekif we won't hoe | sizçagalamaz esegizif you all won't hoe | alaçagalamaz eseleif they won't hoe |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençagalarıq esemif I am going to hoe | sençagalarıq eseŋif you are going to hoe | olçagalarıq eseif he is going to hoe | bizçagalarıq esekif we are going to hoe | sizçagalarıq esegizif you all are going to hoe | alaçagalarıq eseleif they are going to hoe |
| Conditional, future | mençagalarıq tül esemif I am not going to hoe | sençagalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to hoe | olçagalarıq tül eseif he is not going to hoe | bizçagalarıq tül esekif we are not going to hoe | sizçagalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to hoe | alaçagalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to hoe |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençagalarıq bolsamif I were going to hoe | sençagalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to hoe | olçagalarıq bolsaif he were going to hoe | bizçagalarıq bolsaqif we were going to hoe | sizçagalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to hoe | alaçagalarıq bolsalaif they were going to hoe |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençagalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to hoe | sençagalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to hoe | olçagalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to hoe | bizçagalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to hoe | sizçagalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to hoe | alaçagalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to hoe |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çagaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençagalay bolurmaI must be hoeing | sençagalay bolursayou must be hoeing | olçagalay bolurhe must be hoeing | bizçagalay bolurbuzwe must be hoeing | sizçagalay bolursuzyou all must be hoeing | alaçagalay bolurlathey must be hoeing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençagalamay bolurmaI must not be hoeing | sençagalamay bolursayou must not be hoeing | olçagalamay bolurhe must not be hoeing | bizçagalamay bolurbuzwe must not be hoeing | sizçagalamay bolursuzyou all must not be hoeing | alaçagalamay bolurlathey must not be hoeing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençagalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of hoeing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençagalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not hoeing | sençagalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not hoeing | olçagalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not hoeing | bizçagalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not hoeing | sizçagalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not hoeing | alaçagalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not hoeing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençagalağan bolurmaI must have hoed | sençagalağan bolursayou must have hoed | olçagalağan bolurhe must have hoed | bizçagalağan bolurbuzwe must have hoed | sizçagalağan bolursuzyou all must have hoed | alaçagalağan bolurlathey must have hoed |
| Inference (must have) | mençagalamağan bolurmaI must not have hoed | sençagalamağan bolursayou must not have hoed | olçagalamağan bolurhe must not have hoed | bizçagalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have hoed | sizçagalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have hoed | alaçagalamağan bolurlathey must not have hoed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençagalarıq bolurmaI must be going to hoe | sençagalarıq bolursayou must be going to hoe | olçagalarıq bolurhe must be going to hoe | bizçagalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to hoe | sizçagalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to hoe | alaçagalarıq bolurlathey must be going to hoe |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençagalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to hoe | sençagalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to hoe | olçagalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to hoe | bizçagalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to hoe | sizçagalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to hoe | alaçagalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to hoe |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençagalayımlet me hoe | sençagala!hoe! | olçagalasınlet him hoe | bizçagalayıqlet's hoe | sizçagalağız!hoe, you all! | alaçagalasınlalet them hoe |
| Commands & suggestions | mençagalamayımlet me not hoe | sençagalama!don't hoe! | olçagalamasınlet him not hoe | bizçagalamayıqlet's not hoe | sizçagalamağız!don't hoe, you all! | alaçagalamasınlalet them not hoe |
| Commands & suggestions | mençagalayımmı?shall I hoe? | olçagalasınmı?should he hoe? | bizçagalayıqmı?shall we hoe? | alaçagalasınlamı?should they hoe? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençagalamayımmı?shall I not hoe? | olçagalamasınmı?should he not hoe? | bizçagalamayıqmı?shall we not hoe? | alaçagalamasınlamı?should they not hoe? | ||
| Requests | sençagalaçı2çagalaçınplease hoe | olçagalasınçıdo let him hoe | sizçagalaçığızplease hoe (plural/polite) | alaçagalasınlaçıdo let them hoe | ||
| Requests | sençagalamaçı2çagalamaçınplease don't hoe | olçagalamasınçıdo let him not hoe | sizçagalamaçığızplease don't hoe (plural/polite) | alaçagalamasınlaçıdo let them not hoe | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençagalağınçagalağımay you hoe | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençagalamağınçagalamağımay you not hoe | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençagalağay edim çagalağa edimwould that I hoed | sençagalağay ediŋ çagalağa ediŋwould that you hoed | olçagalağay edi çagalağa ediwould that he hoed | bizçagalağay edik çagalağa edikwould that we hoed | sizçagalağay edigiz çagalağa edigizwould that you all hoed | alaçagalağay edile çagalağa edilewould that they hoed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençagalamağay edim çagalamağa edimwould that I did not hoe | sençagalamağay ediŋ çagalamağa ediŋwould that you did not hoe | olçagalamağay edi çagalamağa ediwould that he did not hoe | bizçagalamağay edik çagalamağa edikwould that we did not hoe | sizçagalamağay edigiz çagalamağa edigizwould that you all did not hoe | alaçagalamağay edile çagalamağa edilewould that they did not hoe |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençagalamağa qoyayımçagalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoy!çagalama qoy!let someone hoe! | olçagalamağa qoysunçagalama qoysunlet him allow someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoyayıqçagalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoyuğuz!çagalama qoyuğuz!let someone hoe, you all! | alaçagalamağa qoysunlaçagalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençagalamağa qoymayımçagalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoyma!çagalama qoyma!don't let someone hoe! | olçagalamağa qoymasınçagalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoymayıqçagalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoymağız!çagalama qoymağız!don't let someone hoe, you all! | alaçagalamağa qoymasınlaçagalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençagalamağa qoyayımmı?çagalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoysunmu?çagalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoyayıqmı?çagalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoysunlamı?çagalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hoe? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençagalamağa qoymayımmı?çagalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoymasınmı?çagalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoymayıqmı?çagalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoymasınlamı?çagalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hoe? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençagalamağa qoyamaçagalama qoyamaI allow someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoyasaçagalama qoyasayou allow someone to hoe | olçagalamağa qoyadıçagalama qoyadıhe allows someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoyabızçagalama qoyabızwe allow someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoyasızçagalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to hoe | alaçagalamağa qoyadılaçagalama qoyadılathey allow someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (present) | mençagalamağa qoymaymaçagalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoymaysaçagalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hoe | olçagalamağa qoymaydıçagalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoymaybızçagalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoymaysızçagalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hoe | alaçagalamağa qoymaydılaçagalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (present) | mençagalamağa qoyamamı?çagalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hoe? | sençagalamağa qoyamısa?çagalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoyamıdı?çagalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoyabızmı?çagalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hoe? | sizçagalamağa qoyamısız?çagalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoyamıdıla?çagalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hoe? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençagalamağa qoymaymamı?çagalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hoe? | sençagalamağa qoymaymısa?çagalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoymaymıdı?çagalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoymaybızmı?çagalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hoe? | sizçagalamağa qoymaymısız?çagalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoymaymıdıla?çagalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hoe? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençagalamağa qoydumçagalama qoydumI allowed someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoyduŋçagalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hoe | olçagalamağa qoyduçagalama qoyduhe allowed someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoyduqçagalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoyduğuzçagalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hoe | alaçagalamağa qoydulaçagalama qoydulathey allowed someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (past) | mençagalamağa qoymadımçagalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hoe | sençagalamağa qoymadıŋçagalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hoe | olçagalamağa qoymadıçagalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hoe | bizçagalamağa qoymadıqçagalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hoe | sizçagalamağa qoymadığızçagalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hoe | alaçagalamağa qoymadılaçagalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hoe |
| Let someone… (past) | mençagalamağa qoydummu?çagalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to hoe? | sençagalamağa qoyduŋmu?çagalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoydumu?çagalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoyduqmu?çagalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hoe? | sizçagalamağa qoyduğuzmu?çagalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoydulamı?çagalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hoe? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençagalamağa qoymadımmı?çagalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hoe? | sençagalamağa qoymadıŋmı?çagalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hoe? | olçagalamağa qoymadımı?çagalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hoe? | bizçagalamağa qoymadıqmı?çagalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hoe? | sizçagalamağa qoymadığızmı?çagalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hoe? | alaçagalamağa qoymadılamı?çagalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hoe? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çagalayalırğa be able to hoe · çagalayalmazğa be unable to hoe
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençagalayalamaI can hoe | sençagalayalasayou can hoe | olçagalayaladıhe can hoe | bizçagalayalabızwe can hoe | sizçagalayalasızyou all can hoe | alaçagalayaladılathey can hoe |
| Ability — present | mençagalayalmaymaI can't hoe | sençagalayalmaysayou can't hoe | olçagalayalmaydıhe can't hoe | bizçagalayalmaybızwe can't hoe | sizçagalayalmaysızyou all can't hoe | alaçagalayalmaydılathey can't hoe |
| Ability — present | mençagalayalamamı? çagalayalamıma?can I hoe? | sençagalayalamısa?can you hoe? | olçagalayalamıdı?can he hoe? | bizçagalayalabızmı? çagalayalamıbız?can we hoe? | sizçagalayalamısız?can you all hoe? | alaçagalayalamıdıla?can they hoe? |
| Ability — present | mençagalayalmaymamı? çagalayalmaymıma?can't I hoe? | sençagalayalmaymısa?can't you hoe? | olçagalayalmaymıdı?can't he hoe? | bizçagalayalmaybızmı? çagalayalmaymıbız?can't we hoe? | sizçagalayalmaymısız?can't you all hoe? | alaçagalayalmaymıdıla?can't they hoe? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençagalayalsamif I can hoe | sençagalayalsaŋif you can hoe | olçagalayalsaif he can hoe | bizçagalayalsaqif we can hoe | sizçagalayalsağızif you all can hoe | alaçagalayalsalaif they can hoe |
| Ability — if I can… | mençagalayalmasamif I can't hoe | sençagalayalmasaŋif you can't hoe | olçagalayalmasaif he can't hoe | bizçagalayalmasaqif we can't hoe | sizçagalayalmasağızif you all can't hoe | alaçagalayalmasalaif they can't hoe |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençagalayaldımI was able to hoe | sençagalayaldıŋyou were able to hoe | olçagalayaldıhe was able to hoe | bizçagalayaldıqwe were able to hoe | sizçagalayaldığızyou all were able to hoe | alaçagalayaldılathey were able to hoe |
| Ability — simple past | mençagalayalmadımI could not hoe | sençagalayalmadıŋyou could not hoe | olçagalayalmadıhe could not hoe | bizçagalayalmadıqwe could not hoe | sizçagalayalmadığızyou all could not hoe | alaçagalayalmadılathey could not hoe |
| Ability — simple past | mençagalayaldımmı?was I able to hoe? | sençagalayaldıŋmı?were you able to hoe? | olçagalayaldımı?was he able to hoe? | bizçagalayaldıqmı?were we able to hoe? | sizçagalayaldığızmı?were you all able to hoe? | alaçagalayaldılamı?were they able to hoe? |
| Ability — simple past | mençagalayalmadımmı?couldn't I hoe? | sençagalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hoe? | olçagalayalmadımı?couldn't he hoe? | bizçagalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we hoe? | sizçagalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hoe? | alaçagalayalmadılamı?couldn't they hoe? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençagalayalğanmaI have been able to hoe | sençagalayalğansayou have been able to hoe | olçagalayalğandıhe has been able to hoe | bizçagalayalğanbızwe have been able to hoe | sizçagalayalğansızyou all have been able to hoe | alaçagalayalğandılathey have been able to hoe |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençagalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to hoe | sençagalayalmağansayou haven't been able to hoe | olçagalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hoe | bizçagalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hoe | sizçagalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hoe | alaçagalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to hoe |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençagalayalğanmamı? çagalayalğanmıma?have I been able to hoe? | sençagalayalğanmısa?have you been able to hoe? | olçagalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to hoe? | bizçagalayalğanbızmı? çagalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to hoe? | sizçagalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to hoe? | alaçagalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hoe? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençagalayalmağanmamı? çagalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hoe? | sençagalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hoe? | olçagalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hoe? | bizçagalayalmağanbızmı? çagalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hoe? | sizçagalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hoe? | alaçagalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hoe? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençagalayalğan edimçagalayalğanemI had been able to hoe | sençagalayalğan ediŋçagalayalğaneŋyou had been able to hoe | olçagalayalğan ediçagalayalğanedhe had been able to hoe | bizçagalayalğan edikçagalayalğanekwe had been able to hoe | sizçagalayalğan edigizçagalayalğanegizyou all had been able to hoe | alaçagalayalğan edileçagalayalğanellethey had been able to hoe |
| Ability — past perfect | mençagalayalmağan edimçagalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to hoe | sençagalayalmağan ediŋçagalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hoe | olçagalayalmağan ediçagalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hoe | bizçagalayalmağan edikçagalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hoe | sizçagalayalmağan edigizçagalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hoe | alaçagalayalmağan edileçagalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hoe |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençagalayala edimçagalayalaemI could hoe | sençagalayala ediŋçagalayalaeŋyou could hoe | olçagalayala ediçagalayalaedhe could hoe | bizçagalayala edikçagalayalaekwe could hoe | sizçagalayala edigizçagalayalaegizyou all could hoe | alaçagalayala edileçagalayalaellethey could hoe |
| Ability — past background | mençagalayalmay edimçagalayalmayemI could not hoe | sençagalayalmay ediŋçagalayalmayeŋyou could not hoe | olçagalayalmay ediçagalayalmayedhe could not hoe | bizçagalayalmay edikçagalayalmayekwe could not hoe | sizçagalayalmay edigizçagalayalmayegizyou all could not hoe | alaçagalayalmay edileçagalayalmayellethey could not hoe |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençagalayalırmaI will be able to hoe | sençagalayalırsayou will be able to hoe | olçagalayalırhe will be able to hoe | bizçagalayalırbızwe will be able to hoe | sizçagalayalırsızyou all will be able to hoe | alaçagalayalırlathey will be able to hoe |
| Ability — future I | mençagalayalmazmaI won't be able to hoe | sençagalayalmazsayou won't be able to hoe | olçagalayalmazhe won't be able to hoe | bizçagalayalmazbızwe won't be able to hoe | sizçagalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to hoe | alaçagalayalmazlathey won't be able to hoe |
| Ability — future I | mençagalayalırmamı? çagalayalırmıma?will I be able to hoe? | sençagalayalırmısa?will you be able to hoe? | olçagalayalırmı?will he be able to hoe? | bizçagalayalırbızmı? çagalayalırmıbız?will we be able to hoe? | sizçagalayalırmısız?will you all be able to hoe? | alaçagalayalırlamı? çagalayalırmıla?will they be able to hoe? |
| Ability — future I | mençagalayalmazmamı? çagalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to hoe? | sençagalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to hoe? | olçagalayalmazmı?won't he be able to hoe? | bizçagalayalmazbızmı? çagalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hoe? | sizçagalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hoe? | alaçagalayalmazlamı? çagalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to hoe? |
| Ability — future II | mençagalayallıqmaI am going to be able to hoe | sençagalayallıqsayou are going to be able to hoe | olçagalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to hoe | bizçagalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to hoe | sizçagalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hoe | alaçagalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to hoe |
| Ability — future II | mençagalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hoe | sençagalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hoe | olçagalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hoe | bizçagalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hoe | sizçagalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hoe | alaçagalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hoe |
| Ability — future II | mençagalayallıqmamı? çagalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hoe? | sençagalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hoe? | olçagalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hoe? | bizçagalayallıqbızmı? çagalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hoe? | sizçagalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hoe? | alaçagalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hoe? |
| Ability — future II | mençagalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hoe? | sençagalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hoe? | olçagalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hoe? | bizçagalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hoe? | sizçagalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hoe? | alaçagalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hoe? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençagalayalır edimçagalayalır emI would be able to hoe | sençagalayalır ediŋçagalayalır eŋyou would be able to hoe | olçagalayalır ediçagalayalır edhe would be able to hoe | bizçagalayalır edikçagalayalır ekwe would be able to hoe | sizçagalayalır edigizçagalayalır egizyou all would be able to hoe | alaçagalayalır edileçagalayalır ellethey would be able to hoe |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençagalayalmaz edimçagalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hoe | sençagalayalmaz ediŋçagalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hoe | olçagalayalmaz ediçagalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hoe | bizçagalayalmaz edikçagalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hoe | sizçagalayalmaz edigizçagalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hoe | alaçagalayalmaz edileçagalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hoe |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençagalayalğınçagalayalğımay you be able to hoe | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençagalayalmağınçagalayalmağımay you not be able to hoe | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençagalarğa izleymeI want to hoe | sençagalarğa izleyseyou want to hoe | olçagalarğa izleydihe wants to hoe | bizçagalarğa izleybizwe want to hoe | sizçagalarğa izleysizyou all want to hoe | alaçagalarğa izleydilethey want to hoe |
| want to | mençagalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to hoe | sençagalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to hoe | olçagalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to hoe | bizçagalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to hoe | sizçagalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to hoe | alaçagalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to hoe |
| would like to | mençagalarğa süemeI would like to hoe | sençagalarğa süeseyou would like to hoe | olçagalarğa süedihe would like to hoe | bizçagalarğa süebizwe would like to hoe | sizçagalarğa süesizyou all would like to hoe | alaçagalarğa süedilethey would like to hoe |
| would like to | mençagalarğa süymeymeI would not like to hoe | sençagalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to hoe | olçagalarğa süymeydihe would not like to hoe | bizçagalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to hoe | sizçagalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to hoe | alaçagalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to hoe |
| hope to | mençagalarğa umutlanamaI hope to hoe | sençagalarğa umutlanasayou hope to hoe | olçagalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to hoe | bizçagalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to hoe | sizçagalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to hoe | alaçagalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to hoe |
| hope to | mençagalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hoe | sençagalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hoe | olçagalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hoe | bizçagalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hoe | sizçagalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hoe | alaçagalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hoe |
| be about to | mençagalarğa deb turamaI am about to hoe | sençagalarğa deb turasayou are about to hoe | olçagalarğa deb turadıhe is about to hoe | bizçagalarğa deb turabızwe are about to hoe | sizçagalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to hoe | alaçagalarğa deb turadılathey are about to hoe |
| be about to | mençagalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to hoe | sençagalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to hoe | olçagalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to hoe | bizçagalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to hoe | sizçagalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hoe | alaçagalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to hoe |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençagalarğa kerekmeI need to hoe | sençagalarğa kerekseyou need to hoe | olçagalarğa kerekdihe needs to hoe | bizçagalarğa kerekbizwe need to hoe | sizçagalarğa kereksizyou all need to hoe | alaçagalarğa kerekdilethey need to hoe |
| need to | mençagalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to hoe | sençagalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to hoe | olçagalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to hoe | bizçagalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hoe | sizçagalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hoe | alaçagalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to hoe |
| have to | menmenŋe çagalarğa tüşediI have to hoe | sensenŋe çagalarğa tüşediyou have to hoe | olaŋa çagalarğa tüşedihe has to hoe | bizbizge çagalarğa tüşediwe have to hoe | sizsizge çagalarğa tüşediyou all have to hoe | alaalağa çagalarğa tüşedithey have to hoe |
| have to | menmenŋe çagalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to hoe | sensenŋe çagalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to hoe | olaŋa çagalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to hoe | bizbizge çagalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to hoe | sizsizge çagalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hoe | alaalağa çagalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to hoe |
| be obliged to | mençagalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to hoe | sençagalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to hoe | olçagalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to hoe | bizçagalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to hoe | sizçagalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hoe | alaçagalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to hoe |
| be obliged to | mençagalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hoe | sençagalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hoe | olçagalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hoe | bizçagalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hoe | sizçagalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hoe | alaçagalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hoe |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençagalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to hoe | sençagalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hoe | olçagalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to hoe | bizçagalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hoe | sizçagalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hoe | alaçagalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to hoe |
| have a way to | mençagalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to hoe | sençagalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hoe | olçagalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to hoe | bizçagalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hoe | sizçagalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hoe | alaçagalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to hoe |
| be free to | mençagalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to hoe | sençagalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hoe | olçagalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to hoe | bizçagalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hoe | sizçagalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hoe | alaçagalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hoe |
| be free to | mençagalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to hoe | sençagalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hoe | olçagalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hoe | bizçagalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hoe | sizçagalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hoe | alaçagalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hoe |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to hoe | sensenŋe çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to hoe | olaŋa çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to hoe | bizbizge çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to hoe | sizsizge çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to hoe | alaalağa çagalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to hoe |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hoe | sensenŋe çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hoe | olaŋa çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hoe | bizbizge çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hoe | sizsizge çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hoe | alaalağa çagalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hoe |
| be ready to | mençagalarğa hazırmaI am ready to hoe | sençagalarğa hazırsayou are ready to hoe | olçagalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to hoe | bizçagalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to hoe | sizçagalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to hoe | alaçagalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to hoe |
| be ready to | mençagalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to hoe | sençagalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to hoe | olçagalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to hoe | bizçagalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hoe | sizçagalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hoe | alaçagalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hoe |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençagalarğa küreşemeI am trying to hoe | sençagalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to hoe | olçagalarğa küreşedihe is trying to hoe | bizçagalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to hoe | sizçagalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to hoe | alaçagalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to hoe |
| try to | mençagalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to hoe | sençagalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hoe | olçagalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to hoe | bizçagalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hoe | sizçagalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hoe | alaçagalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hoe |
| agree to | mençagalarğa unaymaI agree to hoe | sençagalarğa unaysayou agree to hoe | olçagalarğa unaydıhe agrees to hoe | bizçagalarğa unaybızwe agree to hoe | sizçagalarğa unaysızyou all agree to hoe | alaçagalarğa unaydılathey agree to hoe |
| agree to | mençagalarğa unamaymaI refuse to hoe | sençagalarğa unamaysayou refuse to hoe | olçagalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to hoe | bizçagalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to hoe | sizçagalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to hoe | alaçagalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to hoe |
| hurry to | mençagalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to hoe | sençagalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to hoe | olçagalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hoe | bizçagalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hoe | sizçagalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hoe | alaçagalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hoe |
| hurry to | mençagalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hoe | sençagalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hoe | olçagalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hoe | bizçagalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hoe | sizçagalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hoe | alaçagalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hoe |
| be afraid to | mençagalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to hoe | sençagalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to hoe | olçagalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to hoe | bizçagalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to hoe | sizçagalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to hoe | alaçagalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to hoe |
| be afraid to | mençagalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hoe | sençagalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hoe | olçagalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hoe | bizçagalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hoe | sizçagalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hoe | alaçagalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hoe |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençagalay bolmazmaI can't be hoeing | sençagalay bolmazsayou can't be hoeing | olçagalay bolmazhe can't be hoeing | bizçagalay bolmazbızwe can't be hoeing | sizçagalay bolmazsızyou all can't be hoeing | alaçagalay bolmazlathey can't be hoeing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençagalamay bolmazmaI must be hoeing (emphatic) | sençagalamay bolmazsayou must be hoeing (emphatic) | olçagalamay bolmazhe must be hoeing (emphatic) | bizçagalamay bolmazbızwe must be hoeing (emphatic) | sizçagalamay bolmazsızyou all must be hoeing (emphatic) | alaçagalamay bolmazlathey must be hoeing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençagalay turmasamif I don't keep hoeing | sençagalay turmasaŋif you don't keep hoeing | olçagalay turmasaif he doesn't keep hoeing | bizçagalay turmasaqif we don't keep hoeing | sizçagalay turmasağızif you all don't keep hoeing | alaçagalay turmasalaif they don't keep hoeing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençagalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of hoeing | sençagalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of hoeing | olçagalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of hoeing | bizçagalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of hoeing | sizçagalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of hoeing | alaçagalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of hoeing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençagalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) | sençagalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) | olçagalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) | bizçagalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) | sizçagalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) | alaçagalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not hoeing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençagalamay turamaI keep on not hoeing | sençagalamay turasayou keep on not hoeing | olçagalamay turadıhe keeps on not hoeing | bizçagalamay turabızwe keep on not hoeing | sizçagalamay turasızyou all keep on not hoeing | alaçagalamay turadılathey keep on not hoeing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençagalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not hoeing | sençagalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not hoeing | olçagalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not hoeing | bizçagalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not hoeing | sizçagalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not hoeing | alaçagalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not hoeing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençagalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not hoeing? | sençagalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not hoeing? | olçagalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not hoeing? | bizçagalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not hoeing? | sizçagalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not hoeing? | alaçagalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not hoeing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençagalağan bolmazmaI can't have hoed | sençagalağan bolmazsayou can't have hoed | olçagalağan bolmazhe can't have hoed | bizçagalağan bolmazbızwe can't have hoed | sizçagalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have hoed | alaçagalağan bolmazlathey can't have hoed |
| Inference — double negation | mençagalamağan bolmazmaI must have hoed (emphatic) | sençagalamağan bolmazsayou must have hoed (emphatic) | olçagalamağan bolmazhe must have hoed (emphatic) | bizçagalamağan bolmazbızwe must have hoed (emphatic) | sizçagalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have hoed (emphatic) | alaçagalamağan bolmazlathey must have hoed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençagalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had hoed | sençagalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had hoed | olçagalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had hoed | bizçagalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had hoed | sizçagalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had hoed | alaçagalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had hoed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençagalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't hoed | sençagalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't hoed | olçagalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't hoed | bizçagalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't hoed | sizçagalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't hoed | alaçagalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't hoed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençagalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to hoe | sençagalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to hoe | olçagalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to hoe | bizçagalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to hoe | sizçagalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hoe | alaçagalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to hoe |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençagalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to hoe (emphatic) | sençagalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to hoe (emphatic) | olçagalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to hoe (emphatic) | bizçagalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to hoe (emphatic) | sizçagalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to hoe (emphatic) | alaçagalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to hoe (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençagalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hoe | sençagalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hoe | olçagalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hoe | bizçagalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hoe | sizçagalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hoe | alaçagalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hoe |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençagalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hoe | sençagalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hoe | olçagalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hoe | bizçagalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hoe | sizçagalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hoe | alaçagalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hoe |