usta
/usta/ · plural ustala
1. master, craftsman, skilled artisan, expert, specialist
- ustağa işni qıyını joqdu — for a master no work is hard
- ağaç usta — carpenter, woodworker
- jol usta — guide
- ustanı qolu altın — the master's hands are golden
- usta qolundan çıqğan zat — an item made by a master's hand
- işçile bla ustalanı jıyılıwu — a meeting of workers and specialists
2. masterly, skilled, proficient, deft
- qolu usta adam — a person with skilled hands, a jack-of-all-trades
- usta qobuzçu — a skilled accordion player
- ol nege da ustadı — he is skilled at everything
- ol qobuzğa suw ustadı — she is an excellent accordion player
- qızçıq orusça suw ustadı — the little girl is excellent at Russian
- işge usta adam — a person skilled at work
- usta qolla — skilled hands
- usta qollu adam — a person with skilled hands
3. folk healer, bone-setter — Most often the person who sets broken bones.
- süek usta — bone-setter
- usta sınğan süekni ornuna saldı — the bone-setter put the broken bone back in place
- awruğannı ustağa eltdile — they took the sick man to the healer
- ustağa körgüztürge — to show someone to the healer
- hans darman etiwçü ustala — healers who make herbal remedies
- usta qatın — a woman healer; a midwife
4. skillfully, expertly, deftly, well
- usta etilgen — skillfully made
- usta tepsegen jaş — a young man who dances skillfully
- ol usta jazadı — he writes skillfully
- biz usta işleybiz — we work skillfully
- usta başçılıq etiw — skillful leadership
- usta tepserge — to dance skillfully
- usta söleşiw — skillful speaking
5. physician, doctor — In older usage this is a trained doctor, not a folk healer.
- qıyın sawsuz tiriledi, ustasına tübese — a gravely sick person recovers if he meets his physician
- ustanı çaqırdıla — they called the physician
- elde usta joq edi — there was no physician in the village
- usta sawsuznu baqdı — the physician treated the sick man
Expressions
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ustathe master | ustammy master | ustaŋyour master | ustasıhis master | ustabızour master | ustağızyou all's master | ustalarıtheir masters |
| Genitive | ustanıthe master's | ustamımy master's | ustaŋıyour master's | ustasınıhis master's | ustabıznıour master's | ustağıznıyou all's master's | ustalarınıtheir masters' |
| Accusative | ustanıthe master (as the object) | ustamımy master (as the object) | ustaŋıyour master (as the object) | ustasınhis master (as the object) | ustabıznıour master (as the object) | ustağıznıyou all's master (as the object) | ustalarıntheir masters (as the object) |
| Dative | ustağato the master | ustamato my master | ustaŋato your master | ustasınato his master | ustabızğato our master | ustağızğato you all's master | ustalarınato their masters |
| Locative | ustadain / at the master | ustamdain / at my master | ustaŋdain / at your master | ustasındain / at his master | ustabızdain / at our master | ustağızdain / at you all's master | ustalarındain / at their masters |
| Ablative | ustadanfrom the master | ustamdanfrom my master | ustaŋdanfrom your master | ustasındanfrom his master | ustabızdanfrom our master | ustağızdanfrom you all's master | ustalarındanfrom their masters |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ustalathe masters | ustalarımmy masters | ustalarıŋyour masters | ustalarıhis masters | ustalarıbızour masters | ustalarığızyou all's masters | ustalarıtheir masters |
| Genitive | ustalanıthe masters' | ustalarımımy masters' | ustalarıŋıyour masters' | ustalarınıhis masters' | ustalarıbıznıour masters' | ustalarığıznıyou all's masters' | ustalarınıtheir masters' |
| Accusative | ustalanıthe masters (as the object) | ustalarımımy masters (as the object) | ustalarıŋıyour masters (as the object) | ustalarınhis masters (as the object) | ustalarıbıznıour masters (as the object) | ustalarığıznıyou all's masters (as the object) | ustalarıntheir masters (as the object) |
| Dative | ustalağato the masters | ustalarımato my masters | ustalarıŋato your masters | ustalarınato his masters | ustalarıbızğato our masters | ustalarığızğato you all's masters | ustalarınato their masters |
| Locative | ustaladain / at the masters | ustalarımdain / at my masters | ustalarıŋdain / at your masters | ustalarındain / at his masters | ustalarıbızdain / at our masters | ustalarığızdain / at you all's masters | ustalarındain / at their masters |
| Ablative | ustaladanfrom the masters | ustalarımdanfrom my masters | ustalarıŋdanfrom your masters | ustalarındanfrom his masters | ustalarıbızdanfrom our masters | ustalarığızdanfrom you all's masters | ustalarındanfrom their masters |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ustaları can mean "his / her masters", "their master", or "their masters" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ustanıqıthe master's one | ustanıqılathe master's ones | ustalanıqıthe masters' one | ustalanıqılathe masters' ones |
| Genitive | ustanıqınıof the master's one | ustanıqılanıof the master's ones | ustalanıqınıof the masters' one | ustalanıqılanıof the masters' ones |
| Accusative | ustanıqınthe master's one (as the object) | ustanıqılanıthe master's ones (as the object) | ustalanıqınthe masters' one (as the object) | ustalanıqılanıthe masters' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | ustanıqınato the master's one | ustanıqılağato the master's ones | ustalanıqınato the masters' one | ustalanıqılağato the masters' ones |
| Locative | ustanıqındain / at the master's one | ustanıqıladain / at the master's ones | ustalanıqındain / at the masters' one | ustalanıqıladain / at the masters' ones |
| Ablative | ustanıqındanfrom the master's one | ustanıqıladanfrom the master's ones | ustalanıqındanfrom the masters' one | ustalanıqıladanfrom the masters' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | ustamaI am masterly | ustasayou are masterly | ustadıhe is masterly | ustabızwe are masterly | ustasızyou all are masterly | ustadılathey are masterly |
| comparative — more | ustaraqmaI am more masterly | ustaraqsayou are more masterly | ustaraqdıhe is more masterly | ustaraqbızwe are more masterly | ustaraqsızyou all are more masterly | ustaraqdılathey are more masterly |
| intensifier — very | bek ustamaI am very masterly | bek ustasayou are very masterly | bek ustadıhe is very masterly | bek ustabızwe are very masterly | bek ustasızyou all are very masterly | bek ustadılathey are very masterly |
| superlative — most | em ustamaI am the most masterly | em ustasayou are the most masterly | em ustadıhe is the most masterly | em ustabızwe are the most masterly | em ustasızyou all are the most masterly | em ustadılathey are the most masterly |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden ustadı — "compared to me, he is masterly."