qıynalıw
/qɯjnalɯw/
Definitions
1. hardship, difficulty, suffering
- jolda qıynalıw — hardship on the road
- qıynalıw köb boldu — there was much suffering
- işde qıynalıw — difficulty at work
2. grief, distress, worry
- janını qıynalıwu — the distress of his soul
- qıynalıw jürekni aşaydı — grief eats the heart
- qıynalıw ketdi — the distress passed
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | qıynalıwthe suffering | qıynalıwlathe sufferings | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | qıynalıwnuthe suffering's | qıynalıwlanıthe sufferings' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | qıynalıwnuthe suffering (as the object) | qıynalıwlanıthe sufferings (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | qıynalıwğato the suffering | qıynalıwlağato the sufferings | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | qıynalıwdaat / in the suffering | qıynalıwladaat / in the sufferings | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | qıynalıwdanfrom the suffering | qıynalıwladanfrom the sufferings | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | qıynalıwummy suffering | qıynalıwlarımmy sufferings |
| your | qıynalıwungyour suffering | qıynalıwlarıngyour sufferings |
| his / her | qıynalıwuhis / her suffering | qıynalıwlarıhis / her sufferings |
| our | qıynalıwubuzour suffering | qıynalıwlarıbızour sufferings |
| you all's | qıynalıwuğuzyou all's suffering | qıynalıwlarığızyou all's sufferings |
| their | qıynalıwlarıtheir suffering | qıynalıwlarıtheir sufferings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qıynalıwları can mean "his / her sufferings", "their suffering", or "their sufferings" — context decides.