qayın
/qajɯn/
Definitions
1. birch, birch tree; birch wood
- taw özeninde ariw qayın ösedi — a lovely birch tree grows in the mountain valley
- qayın çegetde serin hawa bolur — in the birch grove the air is cool
- qayın qabuqdan ariw qural işledile — they crafted a fine utensil from birch bark
2. in-law
- qayın atasına ullu sıy — great honour for one's father-in-law
- qayın jurtuna qonaqğa bardıla — they went on a visit to the in-laws' village
- qayın da bolsa dos kibik — even an in-law is like a friend
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists it among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, p. 24).Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | qayınthe birch | qayınlathe birches | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | qayınnıthe birch's | qayınlanıthe birches' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | qayınnıthe birch (as the object) | qayınlanıthe birches (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | qayıngato the birch | qayınlağato the birches | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | qayındaat / in the birch | qayınladaat / in the birches | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | qayındanfrom the birch | qayınladanfrom the birches | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | qayınımmy birch | qayınlarımmy birches |
| your | qayınıngyour birch | qayınlarıngyour birches |
| his / her | qayınıhis / her birch | qayınlarıhis / her birches |
| our | qayınıbızour birch | qayınlarıbızour birches |
| you all's | qayınığızyou all's birch | qayınlarığızyou all's birches |
| their | qayınlarıtheir birch | qayınlarıtheir birches |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qayınları can mean "his / her birches", "their birch", or "their birches" — context decides.