qatıw
/qatɯw/
Definitions
1. hardening, stiffening
- açdan qatıw — wasting away from hunger
- suwuqdan qatıw — going numb with cold
- jürekleni qatıwu — the hardening of hearts
2. a deadly illness
- qatıw tiysin — may a deadly sickness strike you
- qatıw awruw — a mortal sickness
- qatıw tiygen — struck by a deadly illness
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | qatıwthe hardening | qatıwlathe hardenings | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | qatıwnuthe hardening's | qatıwlanıthe hardenings' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | qatıwnuthe hardening (as the object) | qatıwlanıthe hardenings (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | qatıwğato the hardening | qatıwlağato the hardenings | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | qatıwdaat / in the hardening | qatıwladaat / in the hardenings | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | qatıwdanfrom the hardening | qatıwladanfrom the hardenings | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | qatıwummy hardening | qatıwlarımmy hardenings |
| your | qatıwungyour hardening | qatıwlarıngyour hardenings |
| his / her | qatıwuhis / her hardening | qatıwlarıhis / her hardenings |
| our | qatıwubuzour hardening | qatıwlarıbızour hardenings |
| you all's | qatıwuğuzyou all's hardening | qatıwlarığızyou all's hardenings |
| their | qatıwlarıtheir hardening | qatıwlarıtheir hardenings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qatıwları can mean "his / her hardenings", "their hardening", or "their hardenings" — context decides.