mal
/mal/ · plural malla
1. livestock, cattle, domestic animals — Before another noun it means for livestock or used for keeping livestock, as in mal orun "cattle pen" and mal aş "fodder".
- tuwar mal — cattle
- uwaq ayaqlı mal — small livestock (sheep and goats)
- mal orun — cattle pen
- anı malı tergewsüzdü — his livestock cannot be counted
- mal kütgen adam — a livestock herder
- malnı sanı — the number of livestock
- biz malnı kün sayın kütebiz — we herd the livestock every day
- atam malnı jaylıqğa sürdü — my father drove the livestock to the summer pasture
- malıŋı kün sayın suwğa elt — take your livestock to water every day
- mal sürüwnü tawladan elge tüşürdüle — they brought the livestock herd down from the mountains to the village
2. property, wealth, possessions
- adamnı malı — a person's wealth
- duniya malı üçün — for worldly wealth
- duniya malı duniyada qalır — worldly wealth stays behind in this world
- mal bolsa, juwuq köb bolur — if there is wealth, there will be many relatives
- ol atasından köb mal alğandı — he received a lot of property from his father
- ol ömüründe köb mal jıyğandı — he accumulated a lot of wealth in his lifetime
- halq malına saq bolurğa kerekdi — one must be careful with the people's property
3. payment in kind, goods given instead of money
- mal bla haq beriw — payment in kind
- iş haqnı mal bla tölegendile — they paid the wages in kind
- qoyçuğa haqnı mal bla bergendile — they gave the shepherd his pay in kind
- mal bla haq alırğa unamadı — he refused to take payment in kind
4. wild animal, game animal — In hunting folklore these animals belong to Apsaty, the god of the hunt.
- Apsatını bardı sansız-sanawsuz malları — Apsaty has countless game animals
- Apsatı uwçulağa mal beredi — Apsaty gives game to the hunters
- uwçu tawlada mal izley aylanadı — the hunter roams the mountains looking for game
Expressions
- duniya malı — worldly goods
- duniya malına alışmazğa — to treasure above all
- jırçılağa mal bergença — squandering wealth
- mal bawğa jaraşhan — late autumn
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | malthe livestock | malımmy livestock | malıŋyour livestock | malıhis livestock | malıbızour livestock | malığızyou all's livestock | mallarıtheir livestocks |
| Genitive | malnıthe livestock's | malımımy livestock's | malıŋıyour livestock's | malınıhis livestock's | malıbıznıour livestock's | malığıznıyou all's livestock's | mallarınıtheir livestocks' |
| Accusative | malnıthe livestock (as the object) | malımımy livestock (as the object) | malıŋıyour livestock (as the object) | malınhis livestock (as the object) | malıbıznıour livestock (as the object) | malığıznıyou all's livestock (as the object) | mallarıntheir livestocks (as the object) |
| Dative | malğato the livestock | malımato my livestock | malıŋato your livestock | malınato his livestock | malıbızğato our livestock | malığızğato you all's livestock | mallarınato their livestocks |
| Locative | maldain / at the livestock | malımdain / at my livestock | malıŋdain / at your livestock | malındain / at his livestock | malıbızdain / at our livestock | malığızdain / at you all's livestock | mallarındain / at their livestocks |
| Ablative | maldanfrom the livestock | malımdanfrom my livestock | malıŋdanfrom your livestock | malındanfrom his livestock | malıbızdanfrom our livestock | malığızdanfrom you all's livestock | mallarındanfrom their livestocks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mallathe livestocks | mallarımmy livestocks | mallarıŋyour livestocks | mallarıhis livestocks | mallarıbızour livestocks | mallarığızyou all's livestocks | mallarıtheir livestocks |
| Genitive | mallanıthe livestocks' | mallarımımy livestocks' | mallarıŋıyour livestocks' | mallarınıhis livestocks' | mallarıbıznıour livestocks' | mallarığıznıyou all's livestocks' | mallarınıtheir livestocks' |
| Accusative | mallanıthe livestocks (as the object) | mallarımımy livestocks (as the object) | mallarıŋıyour livestocks (as the object) | mallarınhis livestocks (as the object) | mallarıbıznıour livestocks (as the object) | mallarığıznıyou all's livestocks (as the object) | mallarıntheir livestocks (as the object) |
| Dative | mallağato the livestocks | mallarımato my livestocks | mallarıŋato your livestocks | mallarınato his livestocks | mallarıbızğato our livestocks | mallarığızğato you all's livestocks | mallarınato their livestocks |
| Locative | malladain / at the livestocks | mallarımdain / at my livestocks | mallarıŋdain / at your livestocks | mallarındain / at his livestocks | mallarıbızdain / at our livestocks | mallarığızdain / at you all's livestocks | mallarındain / at their livestocks |
| Ablative | malladanfrom the livestocks | mallarımdanfrom my livestocks | mallarıŋdanfrom your livestocks | mallarındanfrom his livestocks | mallarıbızdanfrom our livestocks | mallarığızdanfrom you all's livestocks | mallarındanfrom their livestocks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: malları can mean "his / her livestocks", "their livestock", or "their livestocks" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | malnıqıthe livestock's one | malnıqılathe livestock's ones | mallanıqıthe livestocks' one | mallanıqılathe livestocks' ones |
| Genitive | malnıqınıof the livestock's one | malnıqılanıof the livestock's ones | mallanıqınıof the livestocks' one | mallanıqılanıof the livestocks' ones |
| Accusative | malnıqınthe livestock's one (as the object) | malnıqılanıthe livestock's ones (as the object) | mallanıqınthe livestocks' one (as the object) | mallanıqılanıthe livestocks' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | malnıqınato the livestock's one | malnıqılağato the livestock's ones | mallanıqınato the livestocks' one | mallanıqılağato the livestocks' ones |
| Locative | malnıqındain / at the livestock's one | malnıqıladain / at the livestock's ones | mallanıqındain / at the livestocks' one | mallanıqıladain / at the livestocks' ones |
| Ablative | malnıqındanfrom the livestock's one | malnıqıladanfrom the livestock's ones | mallanıqındanfrom the livestocks' one | mallanıqıladanfrom the livestocks' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.