köl
/køl/
Definitions
1. lake, mountain pool, pond
- taw kölünü suwu çımmaq ariwdu — the water of the mountain lake is crystal pure
- köl betinde aq quşla jüzedile — white birds swim upon the lake
- köl boyunda tohtab salqınlandıq — stopping by the lakeshore we refreshed ourselves in the cool breeze
2. heart, spirit, mood; a person's inner state
- köl qorqaq da qol batır — the heart is timid but the hand is brave
- kölüm kötürüldü — my spirits rose
- işge kölü bla qaraydı — he goes about the work with his whole heart
Related
kölsüzwithoutfaint-hearted, weak-willed, wanting in resolve
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists it among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, p. 41).Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | költhe lake | köllethe lakes | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | kölnüthe lake's | köllenithe lakes' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | kölnüthe lake (as the object) | köllenithe lakes (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | kölgeto the lake | köllegeto the lakes | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | köldeat / in the lake | kölledeat / in the lakes | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | köldenfrom the lake | kölledenfrom the lakes | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | kölümmy lake | köllerimmy lakes |
| your | kölüngyour lake | kölleringyour lakes |
| his / her | kölühis / her lake | köllerihis / her lakes |
| our | kölübüzour lake | kölleribizour lakes |
| you all's | kölügüzyou all's lake | köllerigizyou all's lakes |
| their | kölleritheir lake | kölleritheir lakes |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: kölleri can mean "his / her lakes", "their lake", or "their lakes" — context decides.