kişi
/kiʃi/
Definitions
1. person, human being, individual; man
- aşhı kişi halqnı qulluğun eter — a good person serves the people
- üyde on kişi jıyıldıla — ten people gathered in the house
- kişi könglüne tiymezge kerekdi — one must not hurt a person's feelings
2. stranger, outsider, else
- kişi malına köz qızdırma — do not covet another person's property
- kişi jerinde qonaqça jaşarsang — in a stranger's land you live like a guest
- kişige sır aytma — do not tell secrets to strangers
3. anyone, nobody
- kişi kelmedi bügün bizge — nobody came to us today
- mında kişi biledimi bu işni? — does anyone here know about this matter?
- kişi körmegen jerge barma — do not go where no one can see you
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists it among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, p. 28).Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kişithe person | kişilethe people | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | kişinithe person's | kişilenithe people's | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | kişinithe person (as the object) | kişilenithe people (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | kişigeto the person | kişilegeto the people | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | kişideat / in the person | kişiledeat / in the people | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | kişidenfrom the person | kişiledenfrom the people | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | kişimmy person | kişilerimmy people |
| your | kişingyour person | kişileringyour people |
| his / her | kişisihis / her person | kişilerihis / her people |
| our | kişibizour person | kişileribizour people |
| you all's | kişigizyou all's person | kişilerigizyou all's people |
| their | kişileritheir person | kişileritheir people |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: kişileri can mean "his / her people", "their person", or "their people" — context decides.