iş
/iʃ/
Definitions
1. work, job, labour
- aşığış iş — urgent work
- qara iş — physical labour
- iş kün — a working day
2. affair, matter, business, how things stand
- iş qalaydı? — how are things?
- iş aman tüldü — things are not bad
- ol meni işimdi — that is my business
3. case, suit, legal matter
- işge qararğa — to hear a case
- işni jabarğa — to hush the case up
- ullu mağanası bolğan iş — a case of great importance
Related
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists it among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, p. 101).Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | işthe job | işlethe jobs | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | işnithe job's | işlenithe jobs' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | işnithe job (as the object) | işlenithe jobs (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | işgeto the job | işlegeto the jobs | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | işdeat / in the job | işledeat / in the jobs | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | işdenfrom the job | işledenfrom the jobs | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | işimmy job | işlerimmy jobs |
| your | işingyour job | işleringyour jobs |
| his / her | işihis / her job | işlerihis / her jobs |
| our | işibizour job | işleribizour jobs |
| you all's | işigizyou all's job | işlerigizyou all's jobs |
| their | işleritheir job | işleritheir jobs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: işleri can mean "his / her jobs", "their job", or "their jobs" — context decides.