hora
/xora/ · plural horala
1. thoroughbred horse, fine saddle horse — Before another noun it marks a horse as purebred: hora baytal "purebred mare", hora ajir "purebred stallion".
- hora baytal — a thoroughbred mare
- hora at — a fine saddle horse
- hora ajir — a purebred stallion
- bir hora bolğandı — was a real thoroughbred
2. bay — of a horse's coat: reddish brown with a black mane and tail
- hora ajir — a bay stallion
- hora tay — a bay foal
- atnı ariwu hora bolur — the most beautiful horse is a bay
- hora at — a bay horse
- hora baytal — a bay mare
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | horathe thoroughbred horse | horammy thoroughbred horse | horaŋyour thoroughbred horse | horasıhis thoroughbred horse | horabızour thoroughbred horse | horağızyou all's thoroughbred horse | horalarıtheir thoroughbred horses |
| Genitive | horanıthe thoroughbred horse's | horamımy thoroughbred horse's | horaŋıyour thoroughbred horse's | horasınıhis thoroughbred horse's | horabıznıour thoroughbred horse's | horağıznıyou all's thoroughbred horse's | horalarınıtheir thoroughbred horses' |
| Accusative | horanıthe thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horamımy thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horaŋıyour thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horasınhis thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horabıznıour thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horağıznıyou all's thoroughbred horse (as the object) | horalarıntheir thoroughbred horses (as the object) |
| Dative | horağato the thoroughbred horse | horamato my thoroughbred horse | horaŋato your thoroughbred horse | horasınato his thoroughbred horse | horabızğato our thoroughbred horse | horağızğato you all's thoroughbred horse | horalarınato their thoroughbred horses |
| Locative | horadain / at the thoroughbred horse | horamdain / at my thoroughbred horse | horaŋdain / at your thoroughbred horse | horasındain / at his thoroughbred horse | horabızdain / at our thoroughbred horse | horağızdain / at you all's thoroughbred horse | horalarındain / at their thoroughbred horses |
| Ablative | horadanfrom the thoroughbred horse | horamdanfrom my thoroughbred horse | horaŋdanfrom your thoroughbred horse | horasındanfrom his thoroughbred horse | horabızdanfrom our thoroughbred horse | horağızdanfrom you all's thoroughbred horse | horalarındanfrom their thoroughbred horses |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | horalathe thoroughbred horses | horalarımmy thoroughbred horses | horalarıŋyour thoroughbred horses | horalarıhis thoroughbred horses | horalarıbızour thoroughbred horses | horalarığızyou all's thoroughbred horses | horalarıtheir thoroughbred horses |
| Genitive | horalanıthe thoroughbred horses' | horalarımımy thoroughbred horses' | horalarıŋıyour thoroughbred horses' | horalarınıhis thoroughbred horses' | horalarıbıznıour thoroughbred horses' | horalarığıznıyou all's thoroughbred horses' | horalarınıtheir thoroughbred horses' |
| Accusative | horalanıthe thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarımımy thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarıŋıyour thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarınhis thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarıbıznıour thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarığıznıyou all's thoroughbred horses (as the object) | horalarıntheir thoroughbred horses (as the object) |
| Dative | horalağato the thoroughbred horses | horalarımato my thoroughbred horses | horalarıŋato your thoroughbred horses | horalarınato his thoroughbred horses | horalarıbızğato our thoroughbred horses | horalarığızğato you all's thoroughbred horses | horalarınato their thoroughbred horses |
| Locative | horaladain / at the thoroughbred horses | horalarımdain / at my thoroughbred horses | horalarıŋdain / at your thoroughbred horses | horalarındain / at his thoroughbred horses | horalarıbızdain / at our thoroughbred horses | horalarığızdain / at you all's thoroughbred horses | horalarındain / at their thoroughbred horses |
| Ablative | horaladanfrom the thoroughbred horses | horalarımdanfrom my thoroughbred horses | horalarıŋdanfrom your thoroughbred horses | horalarındanfrom his thoroughbred horses | horalarıbızdanfrom our thoroughbred horses | horalarığızdanfrom you all's thoroughbred horses | horalarındanfrom their thoroughbred horses |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: horaları can mean "his / her thoroughbred horses", "their thoroughbred horse", or "their thoroughbred horses" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | horanıqıthe thoroughbred horse's one | horanıqılathe thoroughbred horse's ones | horalanıqıthe thoroughbred horses' one | horalanıqılathe thoroughbred horses' ones |
| Genitive | horanıqınıof the thoroughbred horse's one | horanıqılanıof the thoroughbred horse's ones | horalanıqınıof the thoroughbred horses' one | horalanıqılanıof the thoroughbred horses' ones |
| Accusative | horanıqınthe thoroughbred horse's one (as the object) | horanıqılanıthe thoroughbred horse's ones (as the object) | horalanıqınthe thoroughbred horses' one (as the object) | horalanıqılanıthe thoroughbred horses' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | horanıqınato the thoroughbred horse's one | horanıqılağato the thoroughbred horse's ones | horalanıqınato the thoroughbred horses' one | horalanıqılağato the thoroughbred horses' ones |
| Locative | horanıqındain / at the thoroughbred horse's one | horanıqıladain / at the thoroughbred horse's ones | horalanıqındain / at the thoroughbred horses' one | horalanıqıladain / at the thoroughbred horses' ones |
| Ablative | horanıqındanfrom the thoroughbred horse's one | horanıqıladanfrom the thoroughbred horse's ones | horalanıqındanfrom the thoroughbred horses' one | horalanıqıladanfrom the thoroughbred horses' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki horadımine is bay | seniki horadıyours is bay | anıqı horadıhis is bay | bizniki horadıours is bay | sizniki horadıyours (pl.) is bay | alanıqı horadıtheirs is bay |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile horadılamine are bay | senikile horadılayours are bay | anıqıla horadılahis are bay | biznikile horadılaours are bay | siznikile horadılayours (pl.) are bay | alanıqıla horadılatheirs are bay |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu horadı, bıla horadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".