çıraq
/ tʃɯraq /
Definitions noun lamp, light, lantern
Definitions noun pine splinter or resinous torch used for lighting
Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | çıraq the lamp | çıraqla the lamps | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | çıraqnı the lamp's | çıraqlanı the lamps' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | çıraqnı the lamp (as the object) | çıraqlanı the lamps (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | çıraqğa to the lamp | çıraqlağa to the lamps | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | çıraqda at / in the lamp | çıraqlada at / in the lamps | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | çıraqdan from the lamp | çıraqladan from the lamps | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | çırağım my lamp | çıraqlarım my lamps |
| your | çırağıŋ your lamp | çıraqlarıŋ your lamps |
| his / her | çırağı his / her lamp | çıraqları his / her lamps |
| our | çırağıbız our lamp | çıraqlarıbız our lamps |
| you all's | çırağığız you all's lamp | çıraqlarığız you all's lamps |
| their | çıraqları their lamp | çıraqları their lamps |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: çıraqları can mean "his / her lamps", "their lamp", or "their lamps" — context decides.