çıŋıl
/ tʃɯŋɯl /
Definitions noun sheer cliff, precipice, abyss, chasm, drop
Definitions noun sheer, vertical, precipitous
Definitions noun bottomless
Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | çıŋıl the sheer cliff | çıŋılla the sheer cliffs | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | çıŋılnı the sheer cliff's | çıŋıllanı the sheer cliffs' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | çıŋılnı the sheer cliff (as the object) | çıŋıllanı the sheer cliffs (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | çıŋılğa to the sheer cliff | çıŋıllağa to the sheer cliffs | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | çıŋılda at / in the sheer cliff | çıŋıllada at / in the sheer cliffs | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | çıŋıldan from the sheer cliff | çıŋılladan from the sheer cliffs | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | çıŋılım my sheer cliff | çıŋıllarım my sheer cliffs |
| your | çıŋılıŋ your sheer cliff | çıŋıllarıŋ your sheer cliffs |
| his / her | çıŋılı his / her sheer cliff | çıŋılları his / her sheer cliffs |
| our | çıŋılıbız our sheer cliff | çıŋıllarıbız our sheer cliffs |
| you all's | çıŋılığız you all's sheer cliff | çıŋıllarığız you all's sheer cliffs |
| their | çıŋılları their sheer cliff | çıŋılları their sheer cliffs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: çıŋılları can mean "his / her sheer cliffs", "their sheer cliff", or "their sheer cliffs" — context decides.