çıngıl
/tʃɯŋɯl/
Definitions
1. sheer cliff, precipice, abyss
- ullu çıngıl — a great chasm
- çıngılğa jeterge — to come to the edge of the precipice
- çıngıldan qararğa — to look down from the cliff
2. sheer, vertical, precipitous
- çıngıl qaya — a sheer rock face
- çıngıl jer — precipitous ground
- çıngıl taw — a sheer mountain
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or .As a noun
Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | çıngılthe sheer cliff | çıngıllathe sheer cliffs | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | çıngılnıthe sheer cliff's | çıngıllanıthe sheer cliffs' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | çıngılnıthe sheer cliff (as the object) | çıngıllanıthe sheer cliffs (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | çıngılğato the sheer cliff | çıngıllağato the sheer cliffs | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | çıngıldaat / in the sheer cliff | çıngılladaat / in the sheer cliffs | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | çıngıldanfrom the sheer cliff | çıngılladanfrom the sheer cliffs | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | çıngılımmy sheer cliff | çıngıllarımmy sheer cliffs |
| your | çıngılıngyour sheer cliff | çıngıllarıngyour sheer cliffs |
| his / her | çıngılıhis / her sheer cliff | çıngıllarıhis / her sheer cliffs |
| our | çıngılıbızour sheer cliff | çıngıllarıbızour sheer cliffs |
| you all's | çıngılığızyou all's sheer cliff | çıngıllarığızyou all's sheer cliffs |
| their | çıngıllarıtheir sheer cliff | çıngıllarıtheir sheer cliffs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: çıngılları can mean "his / her sheer cliffs", "their sheer cliff", or "their sheer cliffs" — context decides.
As an adjective
Saying it about something
| One thing | Several | |
|---|---|---|
| this / these | bu çıngıldıthis is sheer | bıla çıngıldılathese are sheer |
| that / those | ol çıngıldıthat / it is sheer | ala çıngıldılathose / they are sheer |
| mine | meniki çıngıldımine is sheer | menikile çıngıldılamine are sheer |
| yours | seniki çıngıldıyours is sheer | senikile çıngıldılayours are sheer |
| ours | bizniki çıngıldıours is sheer | biznikile çıngıldılaours are sheer |