açı
/atʃɯ/
Definitions
1. bitter or sour in taste
- açı şibizhi — bitter pepper
- tamırla açı edile — the roots were bitter
2. sour or spoiled from fermentation
- açı süt — sour milk
- açı şorpa — sour soup
3. painful, stinging, or acrid
- bal çibinni urğanı açı — a honeybee's painful sting
- açı iyis — acrid smell
4. grievous, painful, or distressing
- açı hapar — distressing news
- açı qıyınlıq — painful hardship
5. caustic, cutting, or insulting
- açı söz — a cutting word
- açı juwab — a caustic reply
6. sharp or piercing in sound
- açı qıçırıq — a piercing cry
- açı tawuş çıqdı — a sharp sound rang out
7. piercing or severe, of wind or cold
- açı jel — a piercing wind
- açı ayaz — a severe frost
- açı suwuq — bitter cold
8. fierce, cruel, or relentless, of an enemy or conflict
- açı duşman — a fierce enemy
- açı qazawat — a fierce battle
9. bright or intense in color
- açı qızıl — bright red
- açı boyaw — an intense color
10. bitterness; a bitter or sour taste
- şibizhini açısı — the pepper's bitterness
- açı bla tatlı — the bitter and sweet
11. grief, sorrow, or suffering
- bizge tüşgen açını — the suffering that befell us
- jaşağannı açısı — the living's sorrow
12. painfully, with a stinging sensation
- çibin açı qabdı — the fly bit painfully
13. caustically or hurtfully in speech
- açı söleşib — speaking caustically
14. sharply, piercingly, or loudly
- açı sızğırıb — whistling sharply
- açı qıçırdı — shouted sharply
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists both the adjective meaning ‘bitter, sour’ and the noun meaning ‘bitterness’ among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, pp. 124, 141).Feedback
or .As an adjective
Degrees
| base form | açıbitter |
|---|---|
| comparative — more | açıraqbitterer |
| intensifier — very | bek açıvery bitter |
| superlative — most | em açıthe bitterest |
Saying it about something
| One thing | Several | |
|---|---|---|
| this / these | bu açıdıthis is bitter | bıla açıdılathese are bitter |
| that / those | ol açıdıthat / it is bitter | ala açıdılathose / they are bitter |
| mine | meniki açıdımine is bitter | menikile açıdılamine are bitter |
| yours | seniki açıdıyours is bitter | senikile açıdılayours are bitter |
| ours | bizniki açıdıours is bitter | biznikile açıdılaours are bitter |
As a noun
Cases
| Form | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | açıthe bitterness | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | açınıthe bitterness' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | açınıthe bitterness (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | açığato the bitterness | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | açıdaat / in the bitterness | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | açıdanfrom the bitterness | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| Owned | |
|---|---|
| my | açımmy bitterness |
| your | açıngyour bitterness |
| his / her | açısıhis / her bitterness |
| our | açıbızour bitterness |
| you all's | açığızyou all's bitterness |
| their | açılarıtheir bitterness |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.